Major References on:
The Ancestors of Howard Henry Lemoine, Jr.
Purposes:
I am writing this Blog for two purposes:
(1) to help me organize the materials I have been reading in preparation for writing the “Story” of Henry’s Ancestors; and,
(2) to provide a reading list for Henry’s children, grandchildren and other kin who want to know more about their heritage. You will find that some of the books are suitable for children.
This Blog will serve as an annotated list of References for Henry’s Genealogy. The notes in the bibliography are my opinions, nothing more.
(Please note that there are many spelling variations for Henry’s ancestors’ names, especially those that are originally French, Spanish, or German. The names were spelled differently across languages, and especially in English. I just ignore the problem in this document.)
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| Louis Juchereau de St. Denis |
Introduction:
It will not come as a surprise to those who knew Howard Henry Lemoine, Jr. that he is descended from some of the most courageous, contentious, creative, conflicted, charismatic, and controversial men and women in the history of North America. We are focusing this genealogy report on Henry’s North American roots, and leaving earlier generations to others. This gives greater certainty of accuracy, and is sufficient since Henry’s European ancestors have been in North America for 400 years.
Henry and I are related through his Maternal Grandparents, John Seaborn Jackson and Ida Bell Adams Jackson. Therefore we share 1/2 of the same ancestors. As it turns out, we are doubly related through the Frederick Family line, since Henry’s Lemoine and Jackson family lines are both descended from Mathis Frederick. The first section of this Blog focuses on Henry’s Paternal (Lemoine and DeSoto) Ancestors while the second focuses on his Maternal (Jackson and Adams) Ancestors. (Note, the Frederick, Cheletre/Schiletter, Riche, Anton, Laquesone, and Clermont lines appear in Henry’s Maternal and Paternal lines.)
If this sounds confusing, it can be. Henry’s Ancestors arrived early in Louisiana (coming from Canada and actually founding the oldest town in the Louisiana Purchase, Natchitoches, in 1714), and they have remained in that area for the subsequent 300 years. They are connected to most of the founding families of the area.
In my reading, and in this Blog, I have focused first on Henry’s most distinguished, best researched and clearly connected Paternal Ancestors. These are:
1. Louis Juchereau de St. Denis (his family name was Juchereau and his title was St. Denis) and his wife Emanuello Sanchez de Navarro Ramone. (Sanchez is her Paternal name and Navarro Ramone her mother’s maiden name). St. Denis came from Canada with the LeMoine brothers, Iberville and Bienville, to develop Louisiana for the French. St. Denis and Emanuello were Henry’s 6 Great grandparents.
(I have just learned that the popular game Red Dead Redemption 2, has incorporated the names Lemoine and St. Denis, adding new fame to these historic names.)
Favorite Links for St. Denis —
http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/juchereau_de_saint_denis_louis_3E.html
http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/juchereau_de_saint_denis_louis_3E.html
http://www.offms.org/ancestors/louis_st_denis.html
https://countryroadsmagazine.com/art-and-culture/history/louis-juchereau-de-st-denis/
http://www.somosprimos.com/inclan/juchereau.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Juchereau_de_St._Denis
https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/st-denis-louis-juchereau-de
https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=ST003
2. Marie des Neiges (meaning of the Snow or Fair skinned) Juchereau de St. Denis, was the youngest daughter of St. Denis and Emaneullo. By common custom, three of the St. Denis daughters had Marie as a first name.so the “des Neiges” is an important distinction. Like her husband, Marie Des Nieges selectively used the last name that gained the most respect during conflicts between the Spanish, French, and Americans. Thus she appears in various records as Juchereau, St. Denis, Bermuda, or DeSoto (or Soto) in various records. Her husband, Manuel Antoine de Soto Bermuda was a soldier, trader, rancher, and adventurer, whose exploits covered most of the North American Continent. . Manuel’s name appears in many different formats as he moved between the French and Spanish frontier Empires. His father’s name was Bermuda while his Mother’s was DeSoto. He was a soldier in the Spanish, French and American armies. A Veteran of the American Revolution, Manuel fought under Washington. In the course of his life, he traveled from Spain to the Caribbean to Mexico City to the Texas and Louisiana frontier, to Mexico to Philadelphia and back to Louisiana. Marie Des Nieges and Manuel were Henry’s 5th Great grandparents (8 generations ago)
.
While she deserves much better, Marie Des Nieges is typically remembered not for her own worthwhile accomplishments, but for her associations with her father, her husband, and her best friend and slave Marie-Therese des CoinCoin Metoyer. In recent years, CoinCoin Montoyer has been the subject of genealogical and historical research and several works of fiction. She is the lead character in the best selling (Oprah’s choice) 2001 novel, “Cane River” by Lalila Tademy.
Maria des Nieges and Maria Theresa “CoinCoin” were constant companions for years. Maria des Nieges took on the Catholic Church and the Spanish government to defend CoinCoin. After CoinCoin left the DeSoto family to live with Metoyer, she assigned her oldest daughter the task of assisting Marie Des Nieges in raising her children, and the other orphaned grandchildren of St. Denis. One way of learning more about Marie Des Nieges is to research CoinCoin Metoyer.
https://www.genealogy.com/forum/surnames/topics/desoto/112/ a timeline for all documents on Manuel from birth in Spain to death in Louisiana, this is very helpful, and absolutely excellent.
http://www.canerivercolony.com/History/historical_documents.htm
http://vidrinefamily.com/rootspersona-tree/marie-des-neiges-juchereau-de-st-denis/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Thérèse_Metoyer
3. Joseph Marcel de Soto, son of Marie des Neiges and Manuell de Soto, (for whom DeSoto Parish is named), and his wife Marie Baillio. With friends and relatives, they founded the pioneer communities that became DeSoto Parish. Her brother was among the founders of Rapides Parish, and owned the Kent Plantation, and whose home is a museum in Alexandria, LA. They were Henry’s 4th great grandparents (7 generations back).
https://www.jstor.org/stable/4233129
https://www.sfasu.edu/heritagecenter/3673.asp
https://louisiana.msghn.org/desoto/
I have danced around Henry’s Lemoine (Le Moyne) Ancestry. As a descendant of St. Denis, Henry is related by multiple marriages to the Le Moyne family of Canadian and Louisiana fame. However, the exact nature of his Lemoine connection to Charles Lemoine, founder of the famous Canadian pioneer family is not clear. This question is not yet resolved, as I discuss below.
There were possibly two Lemoine soldiers/traders in the village of Natchitoches, Charles and Francois.. One problem is that Charles’ full name was Charles “Carlos” Francois LeMoine. Thus it is not entirely clear whether there were two men or one with two names. According to Louis Raphael Nardini, Howard Henry Lemoine, Jr. is a 10th generation descendant of Francois LeMoyne, whom he describes as a cousin of St. Denis and a nephew of Iberville. More recent genealogical research, including work by the esteemed genealogist Elizabeth Shown Mills, says that Henry is descended from Charles LeMoine. This work does not directly link the Natchitoches Charles Lemoine to Charles Le Moyne of Canada, nor to his sons Bienville and Iberville, but neither does it prove that they are not related. A resolution of this question is possible through Y-DNA testing of Sean Lemoine or his son. If Henry is definitely descended from the Canadian Le Moyne family, the documentation of this ancestry can be accomplished, because the DNA removes ambiguity. Charles, Francois, or Charles Francois would be Henry’s 4th Great Grandfather (7 generations back).
http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/le_moyne_de_longueuil_et_de_chateauguay_charles_1E.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_le_Moyne_de_Longueuil_et_de_Châteauguay
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_le_Moyne_de_Longueuil,_Baron_de_Longueuil
http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/le_moyne_de_longueuil_charles_1729_2E.html
https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_nhs_eng.aspx?id=1398
RECENCY OF THE RESEARCH — Readers may be surprised that most of the Books listed herein are recent in origin, either published since 2000 or in the 1990’s. There are apparently two primary reasons for this, and they are based in the history of American Historical Scholarship.
From the inception of the United States, through the latter portions of the 20th Century, American Historians (like the population of the United States) have had an English bias and focus. They viewed the U.S. almost entirely within the context and lens of British (English, Scots, and Irish) history. Further, they were frequently only versed in one language — English. If they read other languages, they did not read the “historical” forms of those languages, and seldom studied original documents in those languages.
From the 1950’s forward, Historians have gradually widened the lens of their inquiry, discovering the diversity of American history in archives across Europe, and in investigations of the First People of the Americas. Most of the books listed herein exist because of these new investigations, which have revealed new insights into the development and interactions of French Louisiana and Spanish Texas. Fortunately, we are now seeing a surge in “newly discovered” histories of the “Non-British” conquest and settlement of the Americans.
Most of the history books in this list derive from this new movement toward understanding diversity in the creation of this nation. Archives both in the Americas, and in Europe have been translated. Most are now available to scholars, and several have been published, or are available in special collections at Universities or Museums, especially in Texas and Louisiana. The First People of the region have become a subject of intense study, as have the free people of color.
As a footnote to these comments, it should be noted that from the mid-19th Century through the closing decades of the 20th Century, the people of Louisiana also had an Anglo-Saxon bias. Social status depended on denying not only African and Native American Ancestry, but also other foreign connections, including, French, Spanish, German, and Dutch. For example, in the years preceding the Civil War, Henry’s great, great grandmother, Marie Aurora Frederick Polhemus became Mary Laura Frederick Hamous; while her husband, Johann Theodore Polhemus became John Paul Hamous. There was pressure for French and Spanish heritage to be “lost” and for Catholics to become Protestants. These forces acted to obscure many family histories. Today, my descendants and Henry’s can be pleased to acknowledge our African and Native American genes along with those from Spain, France, Norway, Holland, and Germany as well as those from England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. I’m not at all sure our parents, much less our grandparents, would have accepted our DNA genetic ethnicity findings with equanimity.
BEHIND THE BOOKS — Natchitoches is a town that is passionate about the past. Many residents of Natchitoches are history buffs, who research, record, write, preserve and share local history. (http://www.georgewright.org/231morgan.pdf Louis Raphael Nardini is representative of this group.
Further, Northwestern State University of Louisiana is located in Natchitoches, LA, while Stephen F. Austin State University of Texas is located in Nacogdoches, TX. These two Universities serve as research centers focused on the history of the confrontation of two 18th -19th Century Empires, Spain and France. A number of graduate students have produced insightful and informative research projects relating to the history, ethnicity, and archeology of the Texas-Louisiana Frontier region in the 18th and 19th Centuries.
Finally, one individual has done more than anyone else to make Henry’s Family History (and the story of Natchitoches) widely available. The work of Elizabeth Shown Mills.includes both personal, local history stories and the translation and publication of critical records in the spirit of the “new” multi-ethnic, historical approach. The wife of a Natchitoches native and historian, Gary Mills, Elizabeth is both an historian and a master genealogist. Without her work, many of the books listed below could not have been written, or would be far less informed.
THE BOOKS
The first Books in the listing focus on the Families who settled early in Natchitoches Parish — St. Denis, DeSoto, & Frederick.
Other Family Lines In this Group Are:
Baillio, Chelletre, Lestage, Ritche, Racine, Treminque, Favron, Gorin, LaCaze, Cavot, Casanova, Rodriguez, Dupre, Shuppe, Langlois, Benoit, Poissot, Clermont, & Boudreaux
Nardini, Louis Raphael. “No Man’s Land — A History of El Camino Real”. Pelican Publishing Co., New Orleans, LA. 1961. This is one of the two older books about Natchitoches, and predates most of the recent research by a number of years. Nardini was a native of Natchitoches. He wrote a column for the local paper, and was considered an authority on local history. He was also a friend of Howard Henry Lemoine, Sr. Nardini was among the first to publish records from the early history of Natchitoches, but the accuracy of some of his work has been questioned. Nardini identifies Henry Lemoine, Sr. as a direct descendant of the Le Moyne family of Canada.
Mills, Elizabeth Shown. And Gary B. Mills. “Tales of Old Natchitoches” Adams Press, Chicago. 1978 (a second edition was published in 2016). 142 pgs. As previously stated, Gary Mills is a native of Natchitoches whose family (Rachal) goes back to the earliest settlement.. Elizabeth Shown Mills, his wife, is a genealogist, who literally has written the book on genealogical evidence. The copy I have of this book bears an inscription: “Happy Easter, Mrs. Murphy. 2nd Grade Class of ’78-79.” It is a first edition, given to our Aunt, Cecile Jackson Murphy by her 2nd grade class shortly after its publication. It was given to me along with other volumes of Aunt Cecil’s family history library. I want to give it the the grandchild of Henry Lemoine, Jr. who shows an interest in this family history and wants to read it. It is listed as Vol. 3 in the Cane River Creole Series.
Mills, Elizabeth Shown. “Isle of Canes: A Historical Novel.” Ancestry Publishing, Provo, UT. 2004 and 2006. This is the story of 5 generations of a family of freed slaves living in the deep South in the 18th and 19th Centuries. It begins with Francois and Fanny, who were held in slavery Henry’s ancestor, St. Denis; and moves to their daughter, Coincoin, who was inherited by Marie des Neigres de St. Denis De Soto. The two women were the closest of friends and companions for much of their lifetimes. Read the Forward to understand the Author. Enjoy the novel to get a feel for the place and times.
Miles, Gary, revised edition by Elizabeth Shown Mills. “The Forgotten People: Cane River’s Creoles of Color.” (Forward by Sophie Burton) Louisiana State University Press, Baton Rouge. First edition, 1977; revised edition 2013. This is the “history” behind the same family in the fictionalized version (Isle of Canes). Both Forewords are worth reading. These two Mills books can easily be recognized as the inspiration for the novels of Lalila Tademy. I have not listed Tademy’s books here, but you may wish to read, if only for comparison.
Mills, Elizabeth Shown. Natchitoches: Abstracts of the Catholic Church Registers of the French and Spanish Post of St. Jean Baptiste des Natchitoches, in Louisiana. 1729-1803). Heritage Books, Westminister Maryland. Copyright 1977, published 2007. Now we have moved from the “fun reading” to the heavier, research materials. This volume contains information on the lives of multiple members of your family over almost 100 years. The index is excellent, and points you to the information you want to read. It is isted as Vol. 2 in the Cane River Creole Series.
Mills, Elizabeth Shown. Natchitoches: Translated Abstracts of Register Number Five of the Catholic Parish of St. Francois des Natchitoches in Louisiana, 1800-1826. Originally published by Polyanthos, Inc. 1980; it was Republished by Heritage Books, Westminster, Maryland, in 2007. It picks up where the previous Vol. on the Church Records ended. Listed as Vol. 4 in the Cane River Creole Series.
Mills, Elizabeth Shown. Natchitoches Church Marriages, 1818-1850: Translated Abstracts from the Registers of St. Francis des Natchitoches, Louisiana. Originally published in 1985, it was republished in 2016. It completes the series of 3 books covering the church registers. It is isted as Vol. 6 in the Cane River Creole Series. Like the others three, it is for research rather than reading.
Mills, Elizabeth Shown, and Ellie Lennon. Natchitoches Colonials, A Source Book: Censuses, Military Rolls, and Tax Lists. 1722-1803. Tricentennial edition, published 2017. (First copyright 1961) Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, Maryland. An invaluable source of information on the lives of your ancestors. It has a great index. It is listed as Vol. 5 in the Cane River Creole Series.
Phares, Ross. “Cavalier in the Wilderness: The story of the explorer and trader Louis Juchereau de St. Denis.” Pelican Publishing Company, 1998. 276 pgs. This is a great read. It is highly recommended for serious young adults and adults. Phares specialized in “popular” Historical books, mostly set in Texas. For a descendant of St. Denis, this biography is a must read.
Chrysler, Liz “Lost Legacy: Weaving an American Tapestry of Conflicting Cultures” The publisher is named Publish America, and located in Baltimore. 2003. 108 pgs. The author is a descendant of Marie Des Nieges and Manuel DeSoto through their son Marcel. She has also published several Journal articles on the family. In the book, she covers three generations of the family, with a focus on Marie Des Nieges de St. Denis. It has valuable information on her husband and their son Marcel DeSoto. It is easy reading and entirely appropriate for older children and young adults. Focuses directly on Henry’s direct ancestors.
Burton, H. Sophie and F. Todd Smith. Colonial Natchitoches: A Creole Community on the Louisiana-Texas Frontier. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, TX 2008 (reprinted 2014). Number 29 in the Elma Dill Russell Spencer Series on the West and Southwest. This is a serious, and well-written history, based in the data that has been unearthed regarding the Texas-Louisiana Frontier. It is great reading, and based in statistical data (an interesting approach for an historical work). Burton wrote the forward for the second edition of the Mills book, The Forgotten People,” and her knowledge of the Natchitoches archives is evident in this volume. I really enjoyed reading it, even when I didn’t agree with conclusions. I can only hope that Burton continues to research and write about this area and its people.
Chipman, Donald and Harriet Denise Joseph. Spanish Texas 1519-1821. University of Texas Press. 1st Edition 1992; 2nd Edition (revised) 2010. #14 in the Clifton and Shirley Caldwell Texas Heritage Series. Chipman is a noted scholar, and has written a fascinating account. Highly recommended reading. In a way, this book looks at the French-Spanish frontier from the opposite (Spanish) side.
https://findingaids.library.unt.edu/?p=creators/creator&id=402
Britton, Morris. Ed. By Skipper Steely. The Great Bend of the Red River of Texas: Indian, French Spanish Vol. 1, 1542-1816.. Wright Press (available for download) 2019. Geography is a critical factor in family history, and this volume directs its attention to the most critical element of that geography in frontier Louisiana. I am just now reading this book, and can only report that the illustrations are very helpful.
Garvey, Joan B. Louisiana: the First 300 Years. And Mary Lou Widmer. Armer Press, Inc. New Orleans, LA. This is written as a text book for a college course. It came highly recommended, and I confess I was disappointed. I’ll read it again later, and revise this if I change my mind. It did not seem to represent new scholarship in its presentation of the Louisiana-Texas frontier.
Deiler, Hanno. The Settlement of the German Coast of Louisiana and The Creoles of German Descent. With a new Preface, Chronology and Index by Jack Belsom. Originally published in 1909 by Americana Germanica Press, Philadelphia. Reprinted with added material by Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore MA, 1969. Reprinted in 1992, 1998, 2004, and 2015. This compilation on the German Catholic settlers of the Mississippi border lands above New Orleans, provides information on our Ancestor Mathias Frederick and his wife Anne Klein, and on their children and the hardships of their immigration to Louisiana in 1718.
Blume, Helmut. The German Coast During the Colonial Era 1722-1803 -- I read this many years ago, but seem to have lost my copy. I have ordered to reread.
Merrill, Ellen C. Germans of Louisiana -- I am really looking forward to reading this book.
Nau, John F. The German People of New Orleans -- I am reading this one now.
Robichaux, Albert. German Coast Families -- This is the most recent research by descendant and active member of the German Coast Genealogical Society.
Davis, Edwin Adams. Louisiana, The Pelican State. -- I just found a copy of this older publication and am looking forward to reading it.
Costain, Thomas B. The White and the Gold: The French Regime in Canada. The Publisher is named Reading Essentials. It was first published in 1954. A six volume History of Canada was envisioned in the early 50’s, and Costain, a famous writer of popular history and historical novels, was invited to write the first volume on the French role in Canadian history. I first read it over 40 years ago, and still love it. Costain greatly admired the LeMoyne family, and tells the family story within the context of larger events. I really hope to solve the mystery of Henry’s connections to Charles LeMoyne.
These Last Books focus on Henry’s Jackson Ancestors
These are only a sampling, and others will be added.
Families Include: Adams, Cox, Pugh, Polhemus, Hallett, Raphael, Cornell,
Wolf, Missy. Insubordinate Spirit: A True Story of Life and Loss in Earliest America., 2012. This is the story of Henry’s 8 great grandmother, Elizabeth Fones Winthrop Feake Hallett, who was called the most notorious woman in the British Colonies. This version of her life is less sensationalized and more factual.
Seton, Anya. The Winthrop Woman. Current publisher Chicago Review Press 2006 edition. A made for T.V. movie was based on this 1958 best selling historical novel about Henry’s 8 great grandmother Elizabeth Fones Winthrop Feake Hallett. It is a fun read even if the facts are a bit loose.
Crane, Elaine Forman. Killed Strangely: The Death of Rebecca Cornell. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY. Copyright 2002. This Edition 2014. Henry’s 9 great grandmother, Rebecca Briggs Cornell, was brutally murdered in her home in Portsmouth, Newport, R.I. on the 8th of Feb. 1673. Her son Thomas was eventually convicted and executed for the crime, on the basis of the testimony of a ghost. Any lawyer will love this story. (Oh, yes, it should also be noted that Rebecca was the 2 great grandmother of Lizzie Borden.). Cornell University is named for this family, who gave the land for the University. You can take a ghost tour to see Rebecca or read her “ghost: story in Ghosts of Newport .
The Encyclopedia of Slave Resistance and Rebellion, Vol. 1 2007. Edited by Junius P. Rodriguez. This entry in the Encyclopedia chronicles the murder of Henry’s 6 great Uncle, William Hallett, III, and the subsequent trial and brutal execution of the two slaves, convicted of the murders.
http://www.executedtoday.com/2013/02/02/1708-indian-sam-william-hallet-slavery-new-york/
Shorto, Russell. Island at the Center of the World. Copyright 2004 Doubleday, Random House, New York. This incredible book is based in over 30 years of dedicated research in which Shorto translated the Dutch Records of New Amsterdam (from 17th century Dutch writings). Henry’s 9 great grandparents, Joris Jansen Rappalje and Catalyntje Trico arrived with the first Dutch settlers in 1623, and were the parents of the first European girl (Sara Joris Rapelje Bogert) born in N.Y. Shorto really likes Catalyntje, and tells the family’s story in depth. You can also read about Henry’s 8 great grandfather the Rev. Johannes (John) Theodorus (Theo) Polhemus, who was kidnapped by pirates and delivered to New Amsterdam in 1662.
Jacobs, Jaap. The Colony of New Netherland: A Dutch Settlement in Seventeenth-Century America.Cornell University Press, Ithaca, N.Y. 2009. Another look at New Amsterdam and its development, and it’s colonists.
Kars, Marjoleine. Breaking Loose Together: The Regulator Rebellion in Pre-Revolutionary North Carolina. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill and London. 2002. Although they were “peaceful” Quakers, Henry’s Cox, Pugh, and Jackson ancestors were up to their necks (literally) in this “first battle of the American Revolution.” Quite simply, the settlers of the interior portions of North Carolina became angry over the “land grab” and taxation schemes which benefited the wealthy settlers of coastal North Carolina. As a result of their rebellious actions, our ancestors were forced to leave North Carolina to create the Quaker township of Wrightsboro in the Colony of Georgia.
Carter, Jimmy. The Hornet’s Nest . Simon and Schuster. 2004 In this historical novel, President Carter tells the story of one Quaker family in Georgia during the American Revolution. The basis for the story are the experiences of the Quaker settlers of Wrightsboro, GA. Henry’s 4 Great Grandfather Elijah Stewart Pugh and his 5 Great Grandfather Richard Cox were among his Quaker ancestors who lived through the era described by Carter. Elijah fought for the Americans, left the Quaker religion and moved to Clarke County, Alabama. Richard held fast to his Quaker beliefs, and moved to Prairieton, Vigo, Indiana. However, Richard’s oldest son, Thomas (Henry’s 4 Great grandfather) left the Quakers and moved with the Pugh’s to Clarke County, Alabama. Through the novel you experience the times and events that molded your ancestors.
Molstad, Stephen. The Patriot. The novel, which is the basis for the book by the same name, is reported to be loosely based on the exploits of “Killing Stephen” Jackson, Henry’s 4 Great Grand Uncle, Stephen Jackson (brother of his 4 Great Grandfather, Edward Jackson). The Jackson brothers fought in the battles enacted in the movie, and, with their families, endured the tribulations described in the book.
Six Books on Hoods Texas Brigade in the American War. Henry’s 2 Great Grandfather, Levi Annison Adams, fought in Hoods Brigade in the American Civil War. These six books recount the activities of that elite military unit. The story of Levi’s military career, and a listing of the books can be found in the following Blog.
https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2017/01/levi-annison-adams-and-nancy-ann-hobbs.html
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