tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-58542577555687016112024-03-26T23:35:35.761-07:00Communicating Life2Frances Jackson Freeman, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/14443125000303869964noreply@blogger.comBlogger94125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5854257755568701611.post-29184702431350123232023-05-24T15:04:00.001-07:002023-05-24T15:04:44.081-07:00DORIS ADAMS BROGAN -- NEWS STORIES FROM HER EARLY LIFE<blockquote><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">INTRODUCTION</span></div></blockquote><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In researching our Family History, I have discovered that in years past, news stories traced many events in our lives. My cousin DORIS ADAMS BROGAN's teen and early adult years from 1935 to 1945 were vividly traced in articles in several local newspapers, including the weekly paper in her hometown of Coushatta; in the biweekly paper in the college town of Natchitoches; and in the daily papers of the nearest city, Shreveport. </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">These news stories about Doris reveal a young woman of exceptional ability, intense focus and dedication. She had high aspirations which led to notable achievements. She was intelligent, beautiful, popular, a natural leader, gifted in public speaking, writing, math, and science. I wanted to share the Doris who is revealed in these articles with her children, grandchildren, and great grandchildren.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Technical Details -- Editing scanned newspaper files from archives for publication in this Blog has been hampered by some technical challenges. I have done the best I can with current technologies. If I find some articles cannot be read, I will transcribe the content of the articles. I have retained the source information for each article so anyone who wishes to do so can access the original scanned article or the original archived copy.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">DORIS ADAMS -- 1935-1945</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">In Her Senior Year, Doris was Elected President of the Home Economics Club at Coushatta High School</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGoe2YNmppMhxaKms57atf18sY_bs8lkLdB599FsSDbTeTellQKr9pAH6pwz-PDofyFtYVVyiiLO34G9_ImAw4lU5smZl4hNExwmGTjcX41pzd2QxLE1yYh1xbHpPzmpuk0IWLB4p08_Et8xhO2G3O_Fj1VrkcEC3jV7x49nw0jduPv1VTefEclJ79/s541/1935%20Doris_Adams_President_of_Economics_Club.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="467" data-original-width="541" height="405" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGoe2YNmppMhxaKms57atf18sY_bs8lkLdB599FsSDbTeTellQKr9pAH6pwz-PDofyFtYVVyiiLO34G9_ImAw4lU5smZl4hNExwmGTjcX41pzd2QxLE1yYh1xbHpPzmpuk0IWLB4p08_Et8xhO2G3O_Fj1VrkcEC3jV7x49nw0jduPv1VTefEclJ79/w470-h405/1935%20Doris_Adams_President_of_Economics_Club.jpeg" width="470" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">That same Fall of 1935, Doris helped organize a Science Club at CHS, and was Elected Treasurer</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">As an Historical Note, Girls were not usually elected president of organizations with both male and female members during this Era. Girls were given the jobs that required work but not nessarily "up front" recognition. They were usually secretaries and/or treasurers.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSVEQOA0eAhc1DOSjb9bGMEzSULtc22BlEA_Su74PsaeRyDwHRVsCthV7HRxoLJlYoN_vMAoQVY58ns6yq51aXJKmuoFUj2BBBwvjKNDcal12-2oXcmZzKD4zcy4D8InJVfNeLUzKVWzHjiCrnKwsTge5oo8IrMdoLT4f9vXQtxpymft1sL9kVJptg/s540/1935%20Doris_Adams_treasurer_of_CHS_Science_club.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="449" data-original-width="540" height="368" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSVEQOA0eAhc1DOSjb9bGMEzSULtc22BlEA_Su74PsaeRyDwHRVsCthV7HRxoLJlYoN_vMAoQVY58ns6yq51aXJKmuoFUj2BBBwvjKNDcal12-2oXcmZzKD4zcy4D8InJVfNeLUzKVWzHjiCrnKwsTge5oo8IrMdoLT4f9vXQtxpymft1sL9kVJptg/w442-h368/1935%20Doris_Adams_treasurer_of_CHS_Science_club.jpeg" width="442" /></a></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">At Christmas that year, Doris was among 10 players in the Dramatics Club Presentation</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">As an Historical Note, Plays were often presented as "fund raisers" for other school activities. In these three articles, we can begin to see the dimensions of Doris's varied interests and abilities.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTAHUbZA_OYFsvypoZM0WqYDP-hWno4-VhcA1Dz_ZEw3auea5bXrvnsTe0ni8oWCADlFXUwROZRDBSnZFrPwFWhgqkYe_0I1lqk64irJF04pntWOq0V4eOaGfiRaTgnXWGsJtt991iXe97UlhuBF9eHLmVftkb95OnDWvk-OwqJJzIGFR5NJ96FQi6/s548/1935%20Doris_in_Dramatics_Club_play.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="444" data-original-width="548" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTAHUbZA_OYFsvypoZM0WqYDP-hWno4-VhcA1Dz_ZEw3auea5bXrvnsTe0ni8oWCADlFXUwROZRDBSnZFrPwFWhgqkYe_0I1lqk64irJF04pntWOq0V4eOaGfiRaTgnXWGsJtt991iXe97UlhuBF9eHLmVftkb95OnDWvk-OwqJJzIGFR5NJ96FQi6/w368-h298/1935%20Doris_in_Dramatics_Club_play.jpeg" width="368" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Doris wins statewide Essay Contest. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcH97AtiYY2Z9aFK0QDIEB91hlIkhWwI86j_OTJpLjEmxOO-vPe5CTfAQO9zl8_1hfphmyHhdng9mmFU453BPkfZdaeVx0NjdQZz9h9I_f3aN052N2bZD3UWKfqgBxH-s0dNEyQFwSE9gA3lt592bx5d5h-2cwaU1oyxDjuizFRGQpAmvOatHQ5yjV/s544/1936b%20Dosris_wins_Essay_Contest.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="428" data-original-width="544" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcH97AtiYY2Z9aFK0QDIEB91hlIkhWwI86j_OTJpLjEmxOO-vPe5CTfAQO9zl8_1hfphmyHhdng9mmFU453BPkfZdaeVx0NjdQZz9h9I_f3aN052N2bZD3UWKfqgBxH-s0dNEyQFwSE9gA3lt592bx5d5h-2cwaU1oyxDjuizFRGQpAmvOatHQ5yjV/w509-h400/1936b%20Dosris_wins_Essay_Contest.jpeg" width="509" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Doris is part of group organizing the first school Newspaper at CHS</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX4KLMaXa1XecbiTDzn6kTP_yYmz9L8jmH6iLAxc5cZasR9-WbM0rbLRdJ4KK8Qt_5eordg5hMCLIT6IndtBPnfOUKZ05lnxoWva-Rt5GtS4NGSy2h7iw0hioyFmiV3W8HAipyRB_lWJi7r2TfRjD6t2ME8IGPzUTrSLaG6LPtTNWjEUasFjbG4VMl/s537/1936a%20Doris_Adams_on_staff_of_CHS_new_Newspaper.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="412" data-original-width="537" height="468" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX4KLMaXa1XecbiTDzn6kTP_yYmz9L8jmH6iLAxc5cZasR9-WbM0rbLRdJ4KK8Qt_5eordg5hMCLIT6IndtBPnfOUKZ05lnxoWva-Rt5GtS4NGSy2h7iw0hioyFmiV3W8HAipyRB_lWJi7r2TfRjD6t2ME8IGPzUTrSLaG6LPtTNWjEUasFjbG4VMl/w608-h468/1936a%20Doris_Adams_on_staff_of_CHS_new_Newspaper.jpeg" width="608" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-size: large;">As Graduation approached, Doris was announced as the Valedictorian with a perfect 4.0</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">As an Historical note, in this era, there were no advanced placement or college credit courses that offered additional grade points to boost the GPA. A Perfect 4.0 meant that Doris made an A in every single course she took over her 4 years in high school. She never let down in a single class from PE to Chemistry and Trigonometry. In this picture I see a resemblance to her sister Sara Glenn Adams.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicbuvVDpmY3Ri6kkeQzsVzW_H-0B25S36vbyJcbXSjlnnXBSeYiZ7RjJKjszWn3Bkzd8KwZ335k7HYBWIxvLeSu15UbW7vK0nEnGzCAwqZZAQYkrFD4K5GWlO7niBu6XbgCzd90nRtFHGo_QoONt8qrWxrwUZoTBV9gmY_Vih0M31EBRj-doOgB8Hr/s543/1936%20Doris_Adams_4_0_Average_with_graduation_photo.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="396" data-original-width="543" height="440" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicbuvVDpmY3Ri6kkeQzsVzW_H-0B25S36vbyJcbXSjlnnXBSeYiZ7RjJKjszWn3Bkzd8KwZ335k7HYBWIxvLeSu15UbW7vK0nEnGzCAwqZZAQYkrFD4K5GWlO7niBu6XbgCzd90nRtFHGo_QoONt8qrWxrwUZoTBV9gmY_Vih0M31EBRj-doOgB8Hr/w604-h440/1936%20Doris_Adams_4_0_Average_with_graduation_photo.jpeg" width="604" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Doris is Valedictorian And Dr. Fredericks will Speak at CHS Graduation</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Note From family History: Doris and Dr. Fredericks are both descendants of Mathias Frederick, who came to Louisiana in 1720 as one of the settlers of the "German Coast" of Louisiana. As one of the earliest settlers, the Fredericks are among the First Families of Louisiana. It is not known if Doris and Dr. Fredericks were aware of this connection, but he was definitely impressed with this brilliant young woman. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhca7-IJcMDSGbcim0kzbx255byyJfjlJGu9iZsvckKgusncqK5H_0oG_15y7hOQAwGbWhww4zNj8kLtz8Gf1NWgJGBUO_9x762DDGfqCELi0zTYd29qZDuQPEMVNJhTYZ5P_mh34lzpYPmYzFHtF21ZiNJJTlZMFjNI6-4G9AkbGDtU8g2np-OwkT7/s538/1936c%20Doris_Adams__Graduation_as_Valedictorian_CHS.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="376" data-original-width="538" height="386" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhca7-IJcMDSGbcim0kzbx255byyJfjlJGu9iZsvckKgusncqK5H_0oG_15y7hOQAwGbWhww4zNj8kLtz8Gf1NWgJGBUO_9x762DDGfqCELi0zTYd29qZDuQPEMVNJhTYZ5P_mh34lzpYPmYzFHtF21ZiNJJTlZMFjNI6-4G9AkbGDtU8g2np-OwkT7/w551-h386/1936c%20Doris_Adams__Graduation_as_Valedictorian_CHS.jpeg" width="551" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Photo of Doris with Her Graduating Class at CHS</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbFxr00e4SWhugx2-YAFbuTgE7EnNItlgyIhjrTPfwsGPmRNKDxFQ7xXVh4wB1q2-hpavP3swUytH-EcpfY4jPJHzzTYL1QD1mIz-C3GfQGRbJb3Lwy6RYnuTWOOj6UZr4mudUlL2vZT9mAOto9v0z9XtIWx8M5v6i4eWju--S62HagjhSiL-b9fga/s534/1936d%20Doris_Adams__Valedictorian_CHS.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="434" data-original-width="534" height="431" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbFxr00e4SWhugx2-YAFbuTgE7EnNItlgyIhjrTPfwsGPmRNKDxFQ7xXVh4wB1q2-hpavP3swUytH-EcpfY4jPJHzzTYL1QD1mIz-C3GfQGRbJb3Lwy6RYnuTWOOj6UZr4mudUlL2vZT9mAOto9v0z9XtIWx8M5v6i4eWju--S62HagjhSiL-b9fga/w531-h431/1936d%20Doris_Adams__Valedictorian_CHS.jpeg" width="531" /></a></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Two Years later as a Sophomore at Northwestern Normal College</span><span style="font-size: x-small;"> (to become Northwestern State University) </span><span style="font-size: large;">Doris is named as one of Eleven Demon Sweethearts</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Historical Note -- his honor has traditionally been a fusion of popularity and beauty.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1IEeRTZYoaQCDGtScqGUe5XeAS-fpWshJTTt4WjtuoNed1qbPhkMz5Sl67G475OqJdK7G6zWszKYghc30fHM6Qn0in3dQYFMJYmR35ndQH3MM-uty9M77Y4LjIIrUxoZ-2xWDlrlTltfO4qEZ1gEE44_6on56U03cI8YeSmuHaN-mk11TYs058vq4/s535/1938a%20Doris_Adams_Normal_College_Sweethearts_with_photo.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="368" data-original-width="535" height="452" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1IEeRTZYoaQCDGtScqGUe5XeAS-fpWshJTTt4WjtuoNed1qbPhkMz5Sl67G475OqJdK7G6zWszKYghc30fHM6Qn0in3dQYFMJYmR35ndQH3MM-uty9M77Y4LjIIrUxoZ-2xWDlrlTltfO4qEZ1gEE44_6on56U03cI8YeSmuHaN-mk11TYs058vq4/w658-h452/1938a%20Doris_Adams_Normal_College_Sweethearts_with_photo.jpeg" width="658" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">As a Recipient of a T.H. Harris Scholarship, Doris is among the Louisiana College Students who, as holders of these prestigious scholarships, will meet.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Historical Note -- T. H. Harris was a 20th Century leader in Education in Louisiana. The scholarships awarded in his name were among the most prestigious, and valuable in the state. Only the best students received these scholarships, and it was presumed that they would become leaders in the state. I am uncertain of the purpose of the statewide meeting of students holding theses scholarships.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMk5LhEaPI0kZDYCRKSFRi4mGFfM_KmFSgxGhvOQmD6GXb0qZpx22xSrS-vpLEoowBqdhzbzAULnuo4CX9hEeM1mGM28ljwQmZuOqKuSomrhQe8HwZEAr0WzCRf7bztgicK7H59_IaF0maF6lSB4YM6kCmySawVO3aaODakPsZaDt6t6pddVfr756Y/s538/1938b%20Doris_Adams_Harris_Scholarship_organizers.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="430" data-original-width="538" height="602" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMk5LhEaPI0kZDYCRKSFRi4mGFfM_KmFSgxGhvOQmD6GXb0qZpx22xSrS-vpLEoowBqdhzbzAULnuo4CX9hEeM1mGM28ljwQmZuOqKuSomrhQe8HwZEAr0WzCRf7bztgicK7H59_IaF0maF6lSB4YM6kCmySawVO3aaODakPsZaDt6t6pddVfr756Y/w753-h602/1938b%20Doris_Adams_Harris_Scholarship_organizers.jpeg" width="753" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Doris is Among Students Representing the NC at Louisiana State Fair</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Historical Note: It is difficult today to understand how important the annual State Fair was as a showcase for what was happening in the state. While agriculture was front and center at the Fair; Education was not far behind. High Schools and Universities participated an many events, providing the public with insights into their activities and achievements.</div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcS6BdEgUBuMDwyLmaNZ_4CJp3wCoHc2rStwiDFs6DxUizJyb6M7CqHIL9KJ_iuZ4IisoBWlAaZ8tFyTUwgTX3uGAb2QC-OFqACUOXp393dKmv8hPMlBgEgY_LjbnRQIa2ACtop6GkrgsqN4IOCRsm_LHoO579HeGgYzh3q_FL4hAagXgRZUHVZiO9/s551/1938c%20Doris_Adams_among_La__Normal_Chemistry_Students__photo__visit_Shreveport.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="376" data-original-width="551" height="521" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcS6BdEgUBuMDwyLmaNZ_4CJp3wCoHc2rStwiDFs6DxUizJyb6M7CqHIL9KJ_iuZ4IisoBWlAaZ8tFyTUwgTX3uGAb2QC-OFqACUOXp393dKmv8hPMlBgEgY_LjbnRQIa2ACtop6GkrgsqN4IOCRsm_LHoO579HeGgYzh3q_FL4hAagXgRZUHVZiO9/w765-h521/1938c%20Doris_Adams_among_La__Normal_Chemistry_Students__photo__visit_Shreveport.jpeg" width="765" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Doris is Among 13 Co-eds Named as Members of the Purple Jackets, THE Honorary Organization at NC</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Historical Note: At NC (and NSU), the Purple Jackets was the ultimate honor for women students. You had to dot all the I's and cross all the t's and never make a misstep to be voted in by members and faculty advisors. I didn't make it, but I was proud to see that Doris did.</div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3Vu-bU-s9kCON7jdAg0xOm_SPTeQ2npKSu-m5ksNO_vFaNZWK4mBY4K9m77GUeuIUgl2C4sU9fwUU97_qowTLkGt-3fhkkHiEU8BaTv9KoostcOgq-YnKeFC619XoLH7iFl3NpXSxjW12rzSv-wRIrw5fby2jel5zpEPlwmFBYcQbG6DNu-jezGIT/s541/1939a%20Doris_Adams_named_to_Purple_Jackets.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="434" data-original-width="541" height="522" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3Vu-bU-s9kCON7jdAg0xOm_SPTeQ2npKSu-m5ksNO_vFaNZWK4mBY4K9m77GUeuIUgl2C4sU9fwUU97_qowTLkGt-3fhkkHiEU8BaTv9KoostcOgq-YnKeFC619XoLH7iFl3NpXSxjW12rzSv-wRIrw5fby2jel5zpEPlwmFBYcQbG6DNu-jezGIT/w650-h522/1939a%20Doris_Adams_named_to_Purple_Jackets.jpeg" width="650" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Doris was Elected President of the Louisiana Home Economics Clubs</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Historical Note: Today the term Home Economics has virtually vanished. The studies and majors have been renamed or abandoned. In the days when it flourished in colleges and universities, there was a distinct fear that majors in Home Ec. would be looked down on by other disciplines. Consequently the professors over compensated and created a very difficult curriculum. Many Home Ec. majors had minors in chemistry because of their nutrition and food studies; they had strong backgrounds in math because of their "economics" studies. Their work in child development gave them minors in human development and psychology. Only very smart, hardworking students succeeded in Home Economics. Doris was apparently among the best and clearly a leader among these students. In this picture I see a distinct resemblance to her Mother, my dear Aunt Lizzie.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3_NSdnOsJllggQnbBsHgwVe90tkHNoMms3hOr__l7hVgQBRGhvYdpSyjoMWXBHQfpceo8xJEuLiNrNAtCwzATOr6jyLKf9A9JpUdhyCZzLK4X5TYfVUpFF0t-0iOPGChjUbZjhq4XvNn5Paq5H4XGjDkvi0u6A98SS0UIJpax9Ya16XHUzsckSvpn/s352/1939b%20Doris_Adams_heads_State_Home_Economics_Group_with_good_photo.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="352" data-original-width="239" height="493" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3_NSdnOsJllggQnbBsHgwVe90tkHNoMms3hOr__l7hVgQBRGhvYdpSyjoMWXBHQfpceo8xJEuLiNrNAtCwzATOr6jyLKf9A9JpUdhyCZzLK4X5TYfVUpFF0t-0iOPGChjUbZjhq4XvNn5Paq5H4XGjDkvi0u6A98SS0UIJpax9Ya16XHUzsckSvpn/w334-h493/1939b%20Doris_Adams_heads_State_Home_Economics_Group_with_good_photo.jpeg" width="334" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Doris is named President of the College Home Economics Clubs</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">I don't know if this is another announcement of the same information in article above, or if there were two different organizations that Doris led, one for both high schools and college clubs and one only for college clubs.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlOcTLIaeT-_xy9LZ_tj2hiN2b6AH_Lt2aMOuV76XANoH9-xua_4Mkj6rxVghsUNgJ0SkHBBzoCvnRLn8nPbOufXkxjOU1Hct1dfmq30zK_SuaeJGSvzjdno2S1uBorlM6X9QmRYeK7RjwGixXwlyYzbFq-Txbdq7TYyfTbO2nK3bA1JNGy1KULUnH/s541/1939d%20Doris_Adams_named_President_of_Louisiana_college_Home_Economics_Clubs.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="370" data-original-width="541" height="519" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlOcTLIaeT-_xy9LZ_tj2hiN2b6AH_Lt2aMOuV76XANoH9-xua_4Mkj6rxVghsUNgJ0SkHBBzoCvnRLn8nPbOufXkxjOU1Hct1dfmq30zK_SuaeJGSvzjdno2S1uBorlM6X9QmRYeK7RjwGixXwlyYzbFq-Txbdq7TYyfTbO2nK3bA1JNGy1KULUnH/w758-h519/1939d%20Doris_Adams_named_President_of_Louisiana_college_Home_Economics_Clubs.jpeg" width="758" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Doris Graduates With Honors from Normal College</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">I don't think this is a Surprise to Anyone.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieBBJY6A0A6Of3rYQSTKgMmZfDLnf2-ry6V0-AUZyDNeDX_RahnoDVhbgsxjudEJlV2BEqQX-Mo2JDltCRlxI-QaEff07bjFpWmlpiMH1YJf9HyWf_guT2BM_Yo9qUJhIDRM1lN8MzfZHIP6huKsxLShydPIRa5w02kocOclktOFedxEik-2ZSxBnK/s542/1940%20Doris_Adams_honor_graduate_at_LA_Normal.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="433" data-original-width="542" height="482" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieBBJY6A0A6Of3rYQSTKgMmZfDLnf2-ry6V0-AUZyDNeDX_RahnoDVhbgsxjudEJlV2BEqQX-Mo2JDltCRlxI-QaEff07bjFpWmlpiMH1YJf9HyWf_guT2BM_Yo9qUJhIDRM1lN8MzfZHIP6huKsxLShydPIRa5w02kocOclktOFedxEik-2ZSxBnK/w603-h482/1940%20Doris_Adams_honor_graduate_at_LA_Normal.jpeg" width="603" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Doris Volunteers to Serve in the US Navy on Dec. 17, 1942</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Historical Note: Women were not drafted in WWII, and in the beginning the areas in which they were allowed to serve were very limited. However, as more men were needed for front-line duties, women were given more and more options and opportunities. Doris was among those chosen to more upward in the military services of this nation.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibbnYyp_bEUngqztUVWl9IPmUS2Zc2Fj2xUfM-SFvQefiy1m7lsevHys5z8-O_VySgXjYyMG3FaR0PaRCpj1EmYMfcUWmLegVohtR_W2Ofd8-TOZNWE5UqehN-zX1C1S9lHpL-HVk8uJivwCas5VdrAuPyQcCWFIIj9T6ZG_FRyYxGqVvKTlRxmnJD/s541/1942%20Doris_Adams__apprentice_seaman_in_WAVEs.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="431" data-original-width="541" height="418" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibbnYyp_bEUngqztUVWl9IPmUS2Zc2Fj2xUfM-SFvQefiy1m7lsevHys5z8-O_VySgXjYyMG3FaR0PaRCpj1EmYMfcUWmLegVohtR_W2Ofd8-TOZNWE5UqehN-zX1C1S9lHpL-HVk8uJivwCas5VdrAuPyQcCWFIIj9T6ZG_FRyYxGqVvKTlRxmnJD/w525-h418/1942%20Doris_Adams__apprentice_seaman_in_WAVEs.jpeg" width="525" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Doris Receives Fast Advancement in WAVES</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbVo54hFhlLzDy2z2pstNDe0gv--6LRGHNkRiH2ibLUqHkmgL_Cadb4Ro5D1bAp9JbtFoJp4wqiJUMUaHwqruGr4uZUaQPLkAj3OjMgvgOGFPsZALrbGtzmtO6uvTl3CdJOgUdjZabn0-t3wE31p3rWVNslM8ICyFHLslIwXfJYTg1v5xC9h-pLh4U/s554/1943%20Doris_Adams_Quick_Promotion_after_Training_with_photo.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="367" data-original-width="554" height="421" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbVo54hFhlLzDy2z2pstNDe0gv--6LRGHNkRiH2ibLUqHkmgL_Cadb4Ro5D1bAp9JbtFoJp4wqiJUMUaHwqruGr4uZUaQPLkAj3OjMgvgOGFPsZALrbGtzmtO6uvTl3CdJOgUdjZabn0-t3wE31p3rWVNslM8ICyFHLslIwXfJYTg1v5xC9h-pLh4U/w636-h421/1943%20Doris_Adams_Quick_Promotion_after_Training_with_photo.jpeg" width="636" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Doris Promoted to Naval Officer Rank</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Historical Note: Men with college degrees were routinely given officer rank on enlistment. However, women with equal education had to earn officer rank through military achievement. Doris did.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiU2OD9YDQpUasYdtZxW39h_ccG4T3OkgzRGD25xVr8194GT0vqsVUf2r3hbUMtObjDhAFktxiihDD7Xd0EbWJVHe17hmpbf1tQqqQm9YPDZV-FBqPaux20FV5tC6V5hFceXAIRxN5HPDQP08Cv3WF28_ruRbiUbSufbTRv38imvWxOQN0wTt16LoBp/s539/1944%20Doris_Adams_to_be_WAVE_Officer.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="432" data-original-width="539" height="347" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiU2OD9YDQpUasYdtZxW39h_ccG4T3OkgzRGD25xVr8194GT0vqsVUf2r3hbUMtObjDhAFktxiihDD7Xd0EbWJVHe17hmpbf1tQqqQm9YPDZV-FBqPaux20FV5tC6V5hFceXAIRxN5HPDQP08Cv3WF28_ruRbiUbSufbTRv38imvWxOQN0wTt16LoBp/w434-h347/1944%20Doris_Adams_to_be_WAVE_Officer.jpeg" width="434" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">My Newspaper Searches centered on Louisiana, although I briefly tried California. I am sure there are more articles about Doris, and as I find these I will update this Blog. If you find articles, please share so they can be added here.</span></div><br /><div><br /></div><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div>Frances Jackson Freeman, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/14443125000303869964noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5854257755568701611.post-91851806676379346832023-01-24T13:39:00.002-08:002023-01-24T14:01:15.757-08:00MAMA JACK'S BED<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">MAMA JACK’S BED</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Stories About Mama Jack</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><i><b>Written At the Request of Tara Lemoine (Her Great Granddaughter)</b></i></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><i><b><br /></b></i></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><i><b><br /></b></i></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><i><b><br /></b></i></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><i></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7oNPL9tbJdogEgiMYiOrtJU8h70cirWtO9sQP7XRDpUmVr4OfU_prW7K0sg7Y-vuxMuqH-I6yTdwAMfdrEKUnB684i4XPuFrBbeotjBjNcaPLVl791iRvqalAMYhxH88YXMQ7i7uGiCjl5pmhISxNwjxvEZJfuHyZ5798wIersDLcbSFWEax8T1-E/s640/560.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7oNPL9tbJdogEgiMYiOrtJU8h70cirWtO9sQP7XRDpUmVr4OfU_prW7K0sg7Y-vuxMuqH-I6yTdwAMfdrEKUnB684i4XPuFrBbeotjBjNcaPLVl791iRvqalAMYhxH88YXMQ7i7uGiCjl5pmhISxNwjxvEZJfuHyZ5798wIersDLcbSFWEax8T1-E/w331-h248/560.jpeg" width="331" /></a></i></div><i><br /><b><br /></b></i><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-size: medium;">When I remember Mama Jack I remember how she smiled with her eyes every time she looked at me. Some people smile with their lips, but not their eyes; some smile with lips and eyes. Mama Jack was the only person I’ve ever known who always smiled with her eyes. My cousin Henry and I often talked about how much she loved her ten grandchildren. She was the only grandparent Henry ever knew, and in his heart her memory burned bright. These stories were written because his children and grandchildren wanted to know more about the woman Henry (and the other nine of us) called Mama Jack. I begin with one of my earliest memories, etched in sight, sound, smell, and touch. With all my senses I can recall Mama Jack’s bed.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mama Jack’s big bed occupied the place of honor in the back bedroom. It was placed in a corner with just room enough for the person sleeping on the right to edge in between bed and wall. When I was very young, the room was heated by a wood stove, which was replaced by a space heater fueled by butane gas from a big tank that sat just outside the house. On either side of the stove/heater were two wooden rocking chairs, the one on the right for Mama Jack and the one on the left for Daddy Jack. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I have no memory of ever spending the night when Daddy Jack was home; and few memories of summer nights. I’ve given this some thought and believe that I spent nights with Mama Jack when Daddy Jack, and probably my Daddy and Clint, were off hunting or fishing. Mama Jack didn’t like being alone at night, so I had the privilege of keeping her company.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>There were three doors opening into the bedroom. One, located across from the foot of the bed, opened onto the back porch, and permitted cross ventilation that cooled the room in the heat of summer. The second opened into the kitchen, and made it convenient for Mama Jack to tend to things there. The third opened into the middle bedroom. There were 4 windows, two south-facing along the right side the bed and two west -facing on the wall to the left of the head of the bed. On the left of the bed where a night stand would be placed today, stood Mama Jack’s sewing machine. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>When I was little, there was no bathroom in the house, and no running water. During the day, we all went to the outhouse, which was located far from the well, and out of sight behind the smokehouse. When a bathroom was added to the house, it was built between the front bedroom and the middle bedroom, (where a large linen and storage closet was originally located). It was a long, cold distance from bed to bathroom for a small child, so Mama Jack st kept a “<i>slop jar</i>” (another word for chamber pot) for me. It was actually a very pretty pot, with a tight fitting lid to contain any odors. Every morning Mama Jack emptied the <i>slop jar</i> before I was awake.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>During the day, Mama Jack’s bedroom was the center of social activity. Only the kitchen competed as a gathering place (and of course the dining room during meals). The contrast made the nights in the bedroom seem even quieter. During those long winter evenings, I would sit in Mama Jack’s lap or in Daddy Jack’s rocking chair, and we would listen to Jack Benny, or Red Skeleton, or Ozzie and Harriet. My favorite was Baby Snooks, and Mama Jack liked the Southern Gospel Hour.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Before time to go to bed, Mama Jack would warm two bricks on the stove or heater. When the bricks were warm, she wrapped them in flannel cloths and placed them between the sheets on each side of the bed. While she heated the bricks, she also heated a kettle of water, which she poured into a metal pan shaped like a basin. With this warm water and a soft flannel wash cloth, and homemade lye soap she gave me a quick bath and changed me into my pajamas. Then she turned back my side of the big bed. In cold weather the sheets were flannel, and in warmer weather, they were cotton. In either case, they had the fresh scent of linens dried in the sun and wind. The cotton sheets were always smooth because Mama Jack ironed her sheets. The heated brick made the bed warm and welcoming.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Climbing into that big bed wasn’t easy. It was made of iron, and stood well off the floor. I could (and did) crawl under it. From the underside I could look up and see the iron side rails. These rails supported strong boards that ran crosswise to hold up the springs and mattresses. On top of the boards were iron springs. Keeping the dust out of those springs was not easy, but somehow Mama Jack managed. Above the iron springs, was Mama Jack’s cotton mattress. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The only thing “<i>store-bought</i>” about that cotton mattress was the ticking (the cloth that contained the cotton). Mama Jack made the mattress by sewing the ticking and then stuffing it with raw cotton raised on the farm. The top mattress, placed above the cotton mattress was the distinctive feature of Mama Jack’s bed. Like the cotton mattress, it was made by Mama Jack, but it was stuffed, not with cotton, but with down (the soft under-feathers of waterfowl). When flipped and fluffed as Mama Jack did every morning, the feather mattress was 8 to 10 inches high. When compressed under the weight of a body, it was about 4-5 inches thick. It was like sleeping in a cloud.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I’m not certain of the source of the down that filled Mama Jack’s mattress and pillows. My maternal grandmother kept a flock of geese as a source of feathers (and to drive off snakes and other critters). Many farmers, like my Uncle Edward, kept a flock of geese to help pluck the grass growing in the cotton, but I don’t remember Mama Jack ever having more than one or two geese. I suspect that the soft feathers came from the breasts of ducks that Daddy Jack and her sons killed each winter. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>To climb into that bed, I pulled myself up, and standing on the iron side rails, I would fall softly into that huge pile of feathers. That dive was an utterly delightful, and mostly forbidden joy. During the day, the bed was sacrosanct. After Mama Jack carefully made it each morning, that feather mattress was never to be touched by a hand (much less a body). NO ONE sat on Mama Jack’s bed. NO ONE climbed on Mama Jack’s bed. NO ONE deposited any object on Mama Jack’s bed. NO ONE even left an indented hand print on Mama Jack’s bed. Only in the case of severe illness or approaching death, can I imagine someone reclining on Mama Jack’s bed during day-light hours. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Sinking deep into the feathers, surrounded by the brick-warmed, soft flannel sheets that smelled of sunshine, I would rest my head on a pillow made just like the feather mattress, and pull the quilts up around me. Mama Jack had an everyday bed spread, that she “spread” over the bed each morning to protect her precious quilts from dust or other contamination. She also had a fancy spread for special occasions and family gatherings. The spread was removed from the bed and carefully folded before bedtime, and replaced each morning when the bed was made.</span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The covers that I pulled up to keep warm in my feather nest were Mama Jack’s handmade quilts. There were always at least two and sometimes three. The bottom quilt was always cotton, and often old. Old quilts are softer and more cuddly than new. Mama Jack made many cotton quilts. They covered all her beds, and were stored in the top of the linen closet (even after it became a bathroom). The top quilt was usually a wool quilt. Wool quilts, made from scraps of wool fabric, were far less common than cotton quilts, but held heat better. They were also a bit scratchy. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Today you see quilts made with large pieces cut from bolts of cloth with carefully chosen and coordinated colors. Mama Jack’s quilts were made of small pieces, often all that could be salvaged from a well-worn garment. The colors were often muted because worn-out clothes were washed many times before being turned into scraps for quilts. The liners were purchased at the store, and were the most expensive part of the quilt. In later years, Mama Jack made more colorful quilts as wedding gifts, and these demonstrated her art better than the scrap quilts. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mama Jack had a lot to do before joining me in the warm feather bed. She always checked out the kitchen, setting everything in place for next morning’s coffee and breakfast. Then she would stand by the warm fire and change into her flannel night gown. I never understood how she did it, but she would pull the gown on over her clothes, and with her head through the neck, but her arms inside the gown, she would remove her day clothes without showing a bit of skin or naked body. When her clothes were removed, she thrust her arms through the sleeves of the gown, and then carefully folded and hung up her clothes. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>There was no closet, and she hung her dress in a chifforobe, (sometimes called a wardrobe or an armoire ). The chifforobe was the only large piece of furniture in the bedroom, and stood in the northwest corner of the room. After closets were added to the house, the chifforobe was replaced with a dresser.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>My Grandmother never wore anything other than a dress. Over her dress, she usually wore an apron. Sunday was the only day she didn’t wear an apron. She also always wore stockings (even in summer heat). Her everyday stockings were cotton, but on Sunday she wore nylon. She dressed up on Sunday, and wore a hat and gloves. Everyone in her little church called her, “<i>Aunt Ida</i>,” and one Mother’s day, she was declared the “<i>official Mother of Union Hall Baptist Churc</i>h.”</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>After putting her clothes away Mama Jack removed her shoes and stockings, and put these away. I was always fascinated by Mama Jack’s feet, because I had never seen feet like hers. Today, I can look at my own feet, and see exactly the deformation that so enthralled me as a child. I inherited Mama Jack’s “<i>bunions</i>,” a condition in which our big toes gradually begin to draw sideways toward the little toe (pulled by shortening tendons). As we age the condition worsens and the joint below the big toe protrudes. Mama Jack’s soft everyday shoes became distorted into the shape of her feet. She kept the shoes out of sight.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I often wish I had inherited Mama Jack’s height instead of her feet. She was a tall woman, like her mother and her daughters. At least she was a tall woman for her era. Taking after her Dutch and German ancestors, she stood 5’8 to 5’10’. As she aged, her spine contracted and she grew shorter. I remember her remarking that her three sons had competed to see which one could marry the smallest wife (Clint won). She was right, Myrtis Lee, Paige, and Edith were all small women, dwarfed by their husbands’ larger Mother and sisters.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>After removing her shoes and stockings, Mama Jack would carefully wash her feet in the warm water remaining in the basin after my “<i>bath</i>.” Then, sitting in her big rocking chair, Mama Jack would let down her hair. She always wore her long hair in braids, which she kept pinned up on her head. She would unpin the long braids, which dropped over her shoulders. Then she would unbraid each braid, releasing her long hair. In her youth, her hair was a jet black, like her daughters Lorena, Cecile, and Sarah. Only Iola had light hair. However, just like her daughters, silver infiltrated the dark hair in their 30’s. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> <span> </span></span>During this period of my life, Mama Jack was in her 50’s, and her hair was silver and black (salt and pepper some call it). Some of her lighter hair was a pale gold rather than silver, creating a tri-color effect. Her hair was beautiful and spread out over her shoulders. The long tresses were wavy from the plaits. With a brush, she brushed it (100 strokes, I guess, because I couldn’t count that high). She would rock and brush, and when she was satisfied, she carefully plaited her hair leaving the long braids loose on her shoulders. In the morning, she would pin them up again, to repeat the cycle.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Her hair ritual finished, Mama Jack cleaned her teeth. When I was older, she used a toothbrush, but when I was young she brushed her teeth with a twig cut from a tree, then scraped and stripped to form a tuff of stiff fibers for teeth cleaning. Usually she used black gum twigs, but she also used sweet gum, sumac, or dog wood. She used soda for toothpaste. When remembering this, I googled twig tooth brushes, only to learn that you can order them from Amazon. Apparently this “<i>natural</i>” way is popular again. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>After her toilette, Mama Jack took up her Bible and settled into her rocker for her evening scripture reading. Mama Jack didn’t have a fancy <i>“Bible stud</i>y” plan, she simply started at Genesis 1:1, and read each night until her reached Revelation 22:21. Then she began again with Genesis. Her approach so impressed me, that in my late teens I imitated her. I made it through my bible twice before backsliding. I have Mama Jack’s last Bible. Like all her others, it is well-worn.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>After reading her Bible, Mama Jack would take off her glasses, carefully clean and put them away, and kneel down on her side of the bed to pray. Sometimes I tried to kneel with her, but my knees began to ache or I got too cold to stay on that floor. One thing I never doubted, Mama Jack’s prayers were powerful. As a child, I felt comforted and protected because I knew she prayed for me. Years later, I realized that nothing really bad happened to our family until after Mama Jack’s prayers were silenced by death. Then we had some hard times.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> <span> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;">Mama Jack usually wanted to go to sleep as soon as we were both in bed, but sometimes I could get her to tell a story. I could often get her to talk by asking her about the history of one of the blocks in a quilt. Each block seemed attached to a garment that held memories. This strip was from Daddy Jack’s vest, that he wore to meetings of The Woodsmen of the World. This square was from the dress Iola wore to school on her first day. And tears welled up in he eyes when she identified a block from the gown that her first child wore before his death of SIDS.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Among my treasures are a wool quilt Mama Jack made; one of the pillows she stuffed with down; and her rocking chair that stood by the fire. I should give them to someone for whom they would have meaning, but I have been slow to part with the memories they invoke.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mama Jack’s bedroom never seemed totally dark. She didn’t pull the shades down before going to bed (after all we were way out in the country with no close neighbors, and a very noisy dog). The moonlight and starlight brightened the sky and the room. In the semi darkness, I still remember Mama Jack’s sleeping features in silhouette. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Her skin was beautiful. Even in her 80’s she had only smile lines, in an otherwise smooth face. She may have had a bit of vanity about her skin, or she just didn’t want the sun to darken it. She never used fancy creams, but she always wore a bonnet with a stiff brim sticking out front and a long tail in the back to protect her face and neck. She made her own bonnets, stiffening the brims by quilting. Her bonnets often matched her aprons (which she also made). I’m not sure if that was a fashion statement or because she could get a better buy on a quantity of fabric.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Sometimes in those nights in Mama Jack's bed I would open my eyes and she would be looking down at me, those smiling eyes radiating love. I loved my Mama Jack for many reasons, but mostly because I always knew how much she loved me.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><div><br /></div>Frances Jackson Freeman, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/14443125000303869964noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5854257755568701611.post-78841848504940650562022-10-17T07:51:00.000-07:002022-10-17T07:51:19.610-07:00MY LAST LECTURE ON STUTTERING<p style="font-family: "Bradley Hand"; font-size: 35px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Bradley Hand"; font-size: 35px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;">DRAFT</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 24px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b>STUTTERING:</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b>A Personal Perspective</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;">Frances J. Freeman, Ph.D. </p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;">For Graduate Stuttering Seminar at UT Dallas, Callier Center</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;">Oct. 17, 2022</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><i>THIS THESIS IS LABELED “</i><b><i>DRAFT”</i></b><i>’ because I need assistance in completing and editing it. I am asking every student in the class to add one or more questions (or suggestions) for content or organization. Any others who stumble on this Blog are similarly invited to contribute to the completion. I’ve tried to write this three times before, and each time it began at a different place, but circled to the same conclusions. The story seems to be a circle. Let me know what you think and where you think I should begin and end. Further, I need feedback to understand what I should and should not include or discuss more in depth.</i></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 20px; text-align: center;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b></b></span><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 25px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b>OBJECTIVES FOR THIS LECTURE</b></p><ol>
<li style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">To persuade some of you that stuttering is a fascinating disorder; that people who stutter deserve treatment from knowledgable clinicians; and to motivate some of you to continue to learn more about the disorder and the people it affects.</li>
<li style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">To seduce one or two of you into spending your careers focused on stuttering either through research or clinical work or both.</li>
<li style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">To find one or more of you who are seeking a research topic, possibly for a thesis or dissertation. In the course of preparing this lecture, I stumbled into a relatively unexplored area just primed for some straight-forward research, and I’m looking for someone to go with it..</li>
</ol><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 25px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b>OBJECTIVES FOR THERAPY</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><ol>
<li style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>TO HELP THE CLIENT TO ACHIEVE HIS POTENTIAL AND LIVE A FULL (FULFILLED) LIFE.</b></li></ol><ol start="2">
<li style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>TO HELP THE CLIENT ACHIEVE HIS POTENTIAL AS AN EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATOR, WHO CAN ENJOY COMMUNICATIVE INTERACTIONS WITH OTHERS.</b></li></ol><ol start="3">
<li style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>TO EMPOWER THE CLIENT WITH KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS IN COMMUNICATION.</b></li>
</ol><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><b></b><br /></p><ol start="4">
<li style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>TO HELP THE CLIENT OVERCOME UNREALISTIC NEGATIVE SELF-PERCEPTIONS AND BUILD A HEALTHY EGO, HOPEFULLY WITH EMPATHY FOR OTHERS.</b></li>
</ol><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 25px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b>PRIMARY THEORETICAL CONSIDERATION</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 21px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>Everything called STUTTERING is NOT the Same</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>When my Grandmother was a girl, “<i>FEVER</i>” was a disease — a specific diagnosis with prescribed treatment. Now we know that “f<i>ever</i>” is a symptom of many different diseases. In this analogy, the forms of disfluency we group together and call “<i>stuttering</i>" are not a single disorder. “<i>Dysfluency,</i>” and its chronic form, which we call “<i>stuttering</i>,” do not constitute a unitary (homogeneous) disorder. Rather, what we have called <i>stuttering</i>, is a symptom (or observable behavior) characteristic of a number of different underlying problems, which alone or in combination, can lead to disruptions in a complex cognative-language-speech formulation and production system. </p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>STUTTERING IS HERTOGENOUS NOT HOMOGENEOUS</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b>Evidence from Research and Treatment</b>: Almost every treatment ever applied to groups of people who stutter has had the same result (and this includes behavioral, psychological, surgical, and drug treatments): </p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b><i>Some get better; </i></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><i><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Some get worse; </i></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><i><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Some don’t change</i></b>.. </p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Almost every research study of people who stutter has resulted in conflicting findings when replication was attempted. That is, one scientist hypothesized an underlying “<i>causal</i>” factor for stuttering, and tested a group of stutterers for that factor, and found the hypothesized difference. The next scientist attempting to replicate that finding tested another group of stutterers and did not find any significant difference between stutterers and non-stutterers on that factor. Many hypothesized etiologies and predisposing characteristics underlying stuttering have been rejected because different groups of stutterers do not demonstrate consistent research findings. With each proposed “<i>cause</i>” or <i>“predisposing factor,”</i> some of the tested stutterers demonstrated the hypothesized response while others did not. Clearly, the significance of results from each study was dependent on the participants chosen for that study. </p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>If<i> Stuttering</i> (as we have defined it clinically) is a <span style="text-decoration: underline;">heterogeneous</span> not a <span style="text-decoration: underline;">homogeneous </span>disorder, these are exactly the results that would be expected from treatment and research. We have not found THE cause of stuttering or THE treatment for stuttering because we have considered “<i>stuttering”</i> as a single, unitary disorder. If we consider stuttering as a symptom and work toward a <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS which defines <i>sub-types of stutterers</i> or <i>different disorders</i>,</b></span> we could make progress focused on both etiology and treatment.</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>A start in the right direction has been made by the diagnostic criteria established for differentiating between “<b><i>Cluttering</i></b>” and “<b><i>Stuttering</i>.</b>” But the overwhelming problem remains: We do not have a DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSTIC paradigm that will allow us to look at sub-groups of those who stutter to learn which treatments are effective for which groups.</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I had hoped to find the right tools to approach this differential diagnosis during my career in research and treatment. As it turned out, I spent most of that career just trying to persuade our profession that “<i>stuttering</i>” is not a unitary disorder, and that <i>differential diagnosis</i> is actually needed, and I did not succeed in establishing a differential diagnosis paradigm.</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>Treatment Principles Based in the <i>Heterogeneous Assumption</i>:</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><i>Or What to do Until We Know What We Are Doing?</i></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>You cannot treat all stutterers the same. </b></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> </b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px; text-align: center;"><b></b><br /></p><ol>
<li style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>Individualized Treatment is essential. </b> Each client has unique needs; each client will respond differently to methods, techniques, and approaches.</li></ol><ol start="2">
<li style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b></b> <b>Diagnostic treatment is essential</b>; different methods and approaches have to be tested and explored, and those that demonstrate effectiveness used, while those that do not work are modified or discarded. No two clients can be treated exactly the same.</li></ol><ol start="3">
<li style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>Client input into the treatment process is critical</b>. Each treatment program will be different and individualized to meet the client’s special needs. The client’s felt needs and preferences are to be evaluated and considered in treatment planning. Their feedback is valuable and to be greatly valued in the planning and conduct of treatment. </li></ol><ol start="4">
<li style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>Treatment is a COLLABORATIVE Endeavor.</b> Therapy a special relationship in which the Client and Clinician work together as partners.</li>
</ol><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b>KNOWLEGE MAY NOT ALWAYS SET YOU FREE, BUT IT IS ALWAYS EMPOWERING.</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 24px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><br /></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 24px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"></span><b>DIFFERENCES THAT MAKE A DIFFERENCE</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>While I can’t tell you how to do a differential diagnosis to determine the cause and best treatment approach for each dysfluent client, I can share some critical guidelines from both research and clinical experience. I can only hope that one of you may decide to take this work further. Below I discuss the most critical differential issues first. I discuss the most critical difference first, and at the end enumerate other differences of interest.</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 27px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>BLOCKS</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>DOES THE CLIENT EXPERIENCE BLOCKS?</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b></b></span><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>This the most critical differentiation</b>.</span> Many experts believe that ONLY those who experience “blocks” are actually stuttering, and that without blocks it is not stuttering, but some other form of disfluency. </p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>Definition of Blocks</b></span><b> — <i>A block is an involuntary, loss of control of the speech production mechanism</i></b>. The person who stutterers experiences this loss of control, and reacts to it. Most of what we call stuttering, in behavioral terms or descriptions, is what the stutterer does to avoid or control his blocks. The clinician needs to understand as much as possible about the client’s blocks, and how he experiences and responds to them.</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Only the stutterer experiences the “block.” Sometimes an experienced observer can recognize the blocks and sometimes they can’t. The best way to verify information about blocks is to carefully question the person experiencing them.</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>Blocks are the Core of Stuttering</b></span> — I subscribe to the belief that “<i>real stuttering</i>” as opposed to other forms of dysfluency/disfluency is characterized by blocking. Whether this is a valid position or not, those who experience blocking constitute the vast majority of the clients we treat for this disorder.</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>Blocks are Frightening</b></span> — To lose voluntary control of any bodily function, whether that be urinating, defecating, swallowing, breathing, standing, walking, blinking your eyes, or speaking is a frightening experience. Loss of volitional control creates a feeling of helplessness and vulnerability, and can lead to panic or a fight/flight biological response. Chronic, mysterious loss of volitional control of a bodily function destroys self-confidence, creates self-doubt, and fosters a sense of humiliation. “<i>Why am I different? Why can’t I control myself? What is wrong with me? If I can’t control simple things, how can I ever hope to control big, important things?”</i> Much of the anguish experienced by stutterers can be directly traced to the emotionally debilitating, humiliating feelings of loss of control. The stutterer seeks to avoid blocks and to hide his blocks. He will try multiple ways to control his blocks. How the stutterer responds to his blocks constitute the behaviors we evaluate when diagnosing the severity of his stuttering.</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>Stuttering Symptoms and Severity</b></span> — How the client habitually reacts to blocks determines the specific, observable behavioral symptoms we typically call stuttering. Those who are successful in avoiding, disguising/hiding, or minimizing/controlling their blocks, are called “<b><i>Covert Stutterers</i>;</b>” while those who are not successful in these endeavors are called “<b><i>Overt Stutterers</i></b><i>.</i>” </p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Our <b>behavioral</b> measures of stuttering severity are based in exactly that — <b>behaviors</b>. We measure stuttering severity as it relates to what an observer sees and hears. I would postulate that the severity of stuttering is not a matter of counting behaviors, but of the effects of stuttering on the life of the person who stutterers. The number and duration of repetitions, prolongations, etc. are not an index of the extent to which life choices, successes, and failures are linked to stuttering. In this regard, understanding <b><i>covert</i></b> stuttering is critically important to understanding<b><i> overt</i></b> stuttering.</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 19px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>OVERT vs. COVERT </b></span><span style="font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-decoration: underline;"><b>STUTTERING</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Unfortunately, most clinicians only see “<b><i>overt</i></b>” stutterers, and most stuttering research and most text books on stuttering are devoted almost entirely to”<b><i>overt</i></b><i>”</i> stuttering. A typical text devotes less that 3 pages to a discussion of <b>“<i>covert</i></b>” stuttering. </p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>As a clinician, only three “<b><i>covert</i></b>” stutterers sought my help in over 40 years. Fortunately, as a researcher, I investigated families with high incidence of stuttering, and in other investigations, interviewed numbers of “<b><i>cured</i>”</b> or “<b><i>recovered</i></b>” stutterers. In this way, I got to know and learn from “<b><i>covert</i></b>” stutterers. </p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>These experiences led me to conclude that “<b><i>outgrowing</i></b>,” ”<b><i>recovering</i></b>,” or being “<b><i>cured</i></b>” of stuttering are just labels applied to the process of changing an “<b><i>Overt</i></b>” stutterer into a “<b><i>Covert</i></b>” stutterer. Indeed I have come to believe that most of what we call <i>successful stuttering therapy</i> is, just transforming an overt stutterer into a covert stutterer.</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In this case, you might wonder why any <b><i>covert</i></b> stutterers seek help from a speech pathologist? Well, two came to me for the same reason — they were tired of the efforts they had to exert in order to avoid or hide their stuttering. They wanted me to help them experience fluency without the constant vigilance that they used to avoid or disguise their stuttering. These covert stutterers hoped I could help them find natural. effortless fluency. They wanted to experience easy, normal fluency. The third covert stutterer wouldn’t come to the clinic for a consultation because he was a politician about to seek a high profile office. We met over lunch instead. He hoped I might know how he could improve on the methods he used to disguise/hide his stuttering. We exchanged information on techniques, and I learned as much as he did. He was very good, and he won his election.</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Unfortunately, I have come to believe that the goal of “<b><i>effortless fluency</i></b>” is not achievable for most adult stutterers. I believe that successful early treatment can enable a stutterer to become a naturally fluent speaker (not a perfectly fluent speaker, because this doesn’t exist). After adolescence I believe that stutterers can learn to control their overt stuttering (become controlled fluent speakers), but maintaining their fluency requires effort and vigilance. Their fluency is achieved at a cost, and in the end, the costs must be balanced against the benefits. The following are some Principles that I believe apply to <b>Good Stuttering Therapy</b>:</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b>Good Therapy gives the stutterer the ability to Control their blocks.</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b>Good Therapy minimizes the effort and vigilance required for Control.</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b>Good Therapy frees the Client to decide how fluent he wants to be.</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b>The Client can choose the cost vs. benefits for the fluency he desires.</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 19px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px; text-align: center;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b></b></span><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 29px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b>WHAT IS FLUENCY?</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 21px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>OR How to Define A Block</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Speaking fluently requires fine temporal integration of the following:</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1. <b>Cognitive</b> processes — the thoughts/ideas you wish to communicate.</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2. <b>Linguistic</b> processes — the words, grammar, phonemes, prosody, etc.</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>3. <b>Motor Speech</b> processes — respiratory, phonatory, articulatory, etc.</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>4. <b>Feedbacks</b> — related to all three processes.</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>These processes are <b>interactive</b> and <b>parallel </b>rather than <b>sequential</b>.</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>For all stutterers, these systems (cognitive, linguistic, motor speech, and feedback) can and do function in a coordinated way much of the time. That is, no system is broken. The only thing necessary for <b>fluency breakdown</b> is a <b>disruption in the timing (temporal coordination) between or within these systems</b>. </p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The <b>timing</b> (<b>temporal coordination</b>) can be as fine as 5 -10 milliseconds. </p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b>(Note</b>: the faster the speech, the shorter the margin of timing error).</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>These systems operate at very different speeds. That is, the mechanisms required for thinking about what you want to say operate in very different (faster) temporal parameters than the much slower motor systems that control the movements of the speech production system. Even within a system, rates of processing differ. For example times required for word retrieval differ from times required for phonemic sequencing. And in the motor system, the rates and timing for respiration differs greatly from the rates of timing for laryngeal muscle activities, which differ from those for articulatory movements. Indeed, the relatively slower movements of the tongue body for vowels must be temporally coordinated with the the faster dynamic movements for consonants — all within the articulatory system.</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>These systems are differentially effected by a variety of environmental factors.. For example air quality, humidity, temperature, noise, light, and other factors exert differential effects on how we think and how we breathe and ultimately how we speak. Physiological factors such as fatigue and psychological factors like stress will also differentially effect these systems. The larynx as part of the respiratory system is so markedly affected by the “<i>startle</i>” or “<i>fight/flight</i>” response that expressions like “<i>scared speechless</i>” or “<i>struck dumb</i>” occur in almost all human cultures.</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>A t<b>emporal delay</b> or <b>mistiming</b> in the<b> integration of any of the cognitive, linguistic or motor processes</b> will result in <b>disfluency</b>. When the temporal error or mistiming occurs within the <b>respiratory, phonatory, articulatory, or motor feedback</b> processes, a “<b>Block</b>" (breakdown in speech motor coordination) occurs.. Since timing (temporal processing) underlies the failures or breakdowns, temporal factors, including rate and pauses will impact frequency and duration of system failures (disfluencies and disfluencies).</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>It follows then that manipulating the tempo or timing of speech production will increase or decrease the occurrence of blocks (breakdowns in temporal coordination). Speed speech up and there will be more frequent blocks. Slow speech down and there will be fewer blocks. Change the timing of segments in specific ways and blocking can be eliminated. <b>Every successful technique that I know for controlling stuttering has the effect of lengthening the duration of speech segments, and slowing the rate of segment transitions. </b>In other words, old Granny was right when she advised the stuttering child to, “<b><i>slow down</i>.</b>” Slowing down in very specific ways is an underlying constant in most successful stuttering treatment.</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 26px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b>CONSCIOUS CONTROL vs. </b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 26px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b>AUTOMATIC PILOT</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>When flying a modern aircraft, the pilot has varying degrees of control. He can totally fly the plane, attending to every detail; but this is an inefficient use of his time. To be more efficient, a pilot can delegate less variable or critical factors to an automatic pilot while he manages a sub-set of more critical flight factors. Alternatively, a pilot can set the automatic pilot to fly the plane while he checks flight plans, consults his charts, talks with the copilot or navigator, checks on other issues, or just takes a rest. The pilot analogy can be applied to our speech production. </p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>We can consciously control every aspect of our speech/language generation system, but this is inefficient, and requires great concentration. Rather, we “<i>automate</i>” the more predictable programmable aspects of speech/language generation, while concentrating our conscious efforts on higher cognitive functions such as “thinking” and analyzing the reaction of listeners. For example, we seldom give conscious thought to the pitch of our voices or to the prosodic patterns of statements and questions. Only under special speaking conditions do we consciously control these omnipresent aspects of our speech production. </p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Similarly, we can consciously control our articulation, carefully producing and enunciating each sound and syllable. When speaking to a child or a hearing impaired or elderly person, we often make these adjustments. However, under ordinary circumstances, we don’t pay active attention to our pronunciation or articulation. Typically we put speech production in <b>AUTOMATIC MODE</b> while devoting conscious mental efforts to choosing the thoughts or words important to our communication. </p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><b></b><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>IN STUTTERING, THE AUTOMATIC MODE IS EFFECTED, not the Conscious Control Mode.</b> When a speaker shifts into a conscious control mode of speech, in which he monitors lower level aspects of speech production (such as pitch, segment duration, articulation accuracy and timing, prosody, accent, dialect, etc.) stuttering ceases. <b>All of the known fluency evoking techniques force the speaker to focus conscious attention on one or more aspects of speech production, moving speech out of automatic mode, and into a conscious control mode.</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b>It should also be noted that a side effect of moving speech into <b>conscious control mode</b> is a decrease in the rate of segment production (that is, under conscious control we increase the duration of each segment and of each syllable). It follows that every known <b>fluency-evoking technique</b> increases the duration of speech segments, and decreases the rate of segment production (slows speech). </p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In summary, we can talk fast (produce very short segments and syllables) when we speak in AUTOMATIC MODE. When we shift into CONSCIOUS CONTROL MODE, we slow the rate of segment production by increasing the length of each segment. In AUTOMATIC MODE, we talk faster, and breakdowns in temporal coordination (blocks) occur. In <b>Conscious Control Mode </b>we talk slower (with longer segments and transitions) and we don’t block.</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>How do you get a speaker to shift from Automatic Mode into Conscious Control Mode? You use one of the “<b><i>fluency-evoking</i></b>” techniques. Every known fluency evoking technique from singing to whispering to speaking with an accent or with altered auditory feedback, forces a speaker to shift from “<b><i>automatic mode</i></b>” into “<b><i>conscious control mode</i></b>.” Every fluency evoking technique works for as long as it forces the speaker to use “<i>conscious control</i>.” If a fluency evoking technique is habituated to the point that it can be produced in “<b><i>automatic mode</i></b>” it ceases to be effective in preventing blocks.</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 23px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b>The Magic of Longer Segments:</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 23px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b>Discovering the Transition</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>There’s Slowing Down & There is Slloowwing Doown </b></span><b>— </b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b></span>One of the longest lines of research in stuttering focuses on the “<i>loci</i>” of stuttering blocks. Martin Adams made a major contribution to our understanding of stuttering when he realized that the repeated sound or the prolonged sound, as in <i>“KakakaKaty</i>” or “<i>Mmmmmmoon</i>” is not the location of the block. The stutterer is saying a perfectly find /k/” and a perfectly acceptable /m/. The block is occurring at the <b>transition </b>between the consonant and the vowel. The stutterer can’t get from the consonant (which he repeats or prolongs) into the vowel. The <b>block</b> is at the <b>transition</b>. </p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The presence of the <b>shwa</b> (or neutral vowel) in stuttering repetitions is further evidence that the repetitions demonstrate a failure in the coordination of the transition between the consonant and the following vowel. Blocks can also occur with the initiation of a Vowel sound at the beginning of a word, although this is far less common than between an initial consonant and a vowel. In this case the “<b><i>transition</i></b>” is the onset of phonation (that is, transitioning from silence into phonation). </p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Blocks never occur on the closing transitions in a CVC or VC. That is no one ever stutters, “catttt” or “<i>mannnnn</i>.” This type of disfluency occurs only when we deliberately induce fluency breakdown by placing normal speakers under delayed auditory feedback (DAF).</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Every fluency evoking condition studied to-date causes speakers to increase the duration of the segments of speech. Vowels which are longer and more elastic temporally have the greatest absolute lengthening, but consonants are also lengthened proportionally, and the transitions between segments are longer. When transitions are longer, blocks are far less likely to occur. It is tempting to hypothesize that the extended segment and transition durations, provide extra time for the system to coordinate the elements and smoothly execute the movements. </p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>THE SECRET OF GETTING A STUTTERER TO SPEAK FLUENTLY; OR TO ELIMINATING BLOCKS (</b>which is the same thing<b>) IS TO GET THE STUTTERER TO LENGTHEN TRANSITIONS INTO VOWELS (</b>typically in CV; but occasionally in V; or VC word initial syllables<b>).</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><b></b><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>THE EASIEST WAY TO ACCOMPLISH THE LENGTHENING OF SPEECH TRANSITIONS IS TO MOVE SPEECH FROM AUTOMATIC MODE TO CONSCIOUS CONTROL MODE.</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><b></b><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>THE FLUENCY EVOKING TECHNIQUES ARE A PRIMARY MEANS FOR SHIFTING A SPEAKER FROM AUTOMATIC MODE INTO CONSCIOUS CONTROL MODE.</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><b></b><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>THE “SPEAK MORE FLUENTLY” vs. “THE STUTTER MORE FLUENTLY” APPROACHES:</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b>SEVERITY, AWARENESS, and ANTICIPATION IN DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Stutterers differ greatly on these variables (Severity, Awareness, and Anticipation), and exploring these variables is critical to formulating a treatment approach. I don’t use the traditional “<i>stutter more fluently</i>” approaches, but with stutterers who only block occasionally, and/or who are<b> highly aware</b> and can <b>anticipate</b> their blocks, I use a “<i>Block Management Approach</i>” in which the client uses his speech techniques only when he anticipates or recognizes the approaching block. <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span> For Clients who have frequent blocks, we modify their entire speaking pattern in order to manage the blocks effectively. THIS IS AN EFFICIENCY APPROACH, which aims to allow the Client to use the least effort to achieve the greatest improvement. Some Clients who being using a total speech modification approach, may eventually be able to move to a block modification approach. This is in response to the major Problem in using any technique that shifts speech into Conscious Control Mode.</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 28px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><br /></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 28px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b>PROBLEM</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><b></b><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>PEOPLE DON’T LIKE TO SPEAK IN CONSCIOUS CONTROL MODE. </b>Conscious Control mode requires more mental energy; reduces the resources available for other parallel mental activities. Speech under Conscious Control lacks the spontaneous, naturalness, that is characteristic of Automatic Speech. </p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>We can learn more about speaking in conscious control mode from other speakers who employ this mode. Principle among these are “<i>old-time</i>” radio/TV announcers, stage actors, and most recently performers of audio books. . These professions use conscious control of their voice and speech to achieve specific objectives. In almost every case these professionals are aware of techniques they use to achieve specific desired effects. They are also aware of the effort (mental and physical) and self discipline required to speak in control mode. They talk of turning their professional voices on and off; and of speaking naturally vs. performing. In other words, they are very aware of turning the Control on and off.</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><b>THE VICIOUS CIRCLE OF CONSCIOUS CONTROL TECHNIQUES IN STUTTERING:</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><b></b><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1. A new unpracticed technique requires the greatest conscious effort, and produces the least natural sounding speech.</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><b></b><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2. With lots of practice the speaker can habituate the new speech pattern, and reduce the effort and increase the naturalness of the speech</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><b></b><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>3. BUT, If the technique becomes completely habituated, it will no longer require conscious control; it will become automatic, and stuttering and blocking may return. </b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><b></b><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b>Note that in #3, I used the word <b>MAY. </b>It seems that some people who stutter can habituate their new speaking pattern, and will continue to produce fluent speech without excessive blocking. For others, habituation of a pattern means a loss of its fluency-evoking potency and a return to stuttering. This area is worthy of research, but it will not be easy work. </p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b> DIAGNOSIS OF OTHER SPEECH AND/OR LANGUAGE PROBLEMS:</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b>Stuttering Plus vs. Stuttering Only</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In my clinical experience, stuttering that occurs in the context of other speech and language problems differs from stuttering which is the only speech or language problem exhibited by the Client. Both <b>Stuttering Plus</b> and <b>Stuttering Only </b>can occur in families (possibly genetic). However, with very few exceptions <b>Stuttering Plus </b>occurs in families where there are many individuals with speech and language problems (some of whom stutter)’ While <b>Stuttering Only</b> occurs in families with primarily normal speech and language development and function (except for stuttering). That is, why client’s pattern reflects the familial pattern. </p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In my experience, Clients with <b>Stuttering Plus </b>frequently also clutter, or have a history of childhood cluttering. Stuttering Plus requires broader intervention strategies than simply a focus on fluency. If you have <b>Stuttering Plus without blocking,</b> do careful language testing, consider word-finding and grammatical formulation difficulties as contributing to the disfluency. Place emphasis on using </p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">pauses and time to formulate utterances before initiating. Treat articulation and pronunciation difficulties. If you have <b>Stuttering Plus with Blocking</b> use combined approaches, seeking first to change the factors that most distress the client.</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b> OTHER CRITICAL DIFFERENCES IN DIAGNOSIS</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 26px; text-align: center;"><b></b><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b>Allergy/Asthma as A Factor</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>When stuttering occurs in the context of allergies and/or asthma, medical intervention can be a remarkable assist in controlling blocks. Typically, treatment of the Asthma/Allergies alone will not improve the stuttering, but treatment by a good allergist combined with behavioral treatment are powerful. You should be aware that there is a relatively rare form of asthma, which effects the laryngeal system (called laryngeal asthma) which is often undiagnosed.</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b>Response to Alcohol As A Variable </b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 22px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span>As with m most drugs, alcohol has a variable, but predictable effect on stuttering (some get better; some get worse; some don’t change). I find response to a couple of drinks to be a clue as to whether “<i>social</i>” interactions problems OR “<i>motor speech control</i>” problems are major variables. If social fears are critical, then stuttering tends to improve with a drink or two. If motor speech control is a contributing factor, speech tends to get worse with a drink or two</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b>Good General Motor Control vs. Poor Motor Control</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In a similar way, general motor control (both large and small muscle) dexterity can be a differential diagnostic window on speech motor control. Some stutterers are sensational (or better than average) athletes. Others are highly skilled musicians or artists. Look at general motor control for clues into speech motor control issues.</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px; text-align: center;"><b></b><br /></p>Frances Jackson Freeman, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/14443125000303869964noreply@blogger.com48tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5854257755568701611.post-19458160662993194182021-11-16T07:28:00.004-08:002021-11-18T06:57:18.998-08:00LESSONS I LEARNED FROM SKIPPY MCGRADE<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><i>The Following is taken from the </i></span></b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><b><i>Eulogy I delivered at the Memorial Service for <u>Stephen Joseph "Skippy" McGrade, Sr.</u></i></b></span></p></blockquote><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Lessons I Learned from Skippy</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQqbR1ogm2Qshvq-kUGGICAmBmL-MYlbzghZlhl8XSVVn8uByrKlLbphVHthyphenhyphenTdEmoFP8Vc0Lcv_-AOD6z1mqNF2ELp8KGoSU0XIURV3xL5afTvpQS8e2fZGpY_Ae40NWuB1sWGNRgJv4/s960/IMG_2521.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="960" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQqbR1ogm2Qshvq-kUGGICAmBmL-MYlbzghZlhl8XSVVn8uByrKlLbphVHthyphenhyphenTdEmoFP8Vc0Lcv_-AOD6z1mqNF2ELp8KGoSU0XIURV3xL5afTvpQS8e2fZGpY_Ae40NWuB1sWGNRgJv4/s320/IMG_2521.JPG" width="320" /></a></span></div><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 27px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I have known Skippy for over 40 years, and if asked to describe him succinctly, I would choose two phrases:</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">"Good Natured and Loving."</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>However, there is a problem with talking about Skippy as Good Natured. The term has been over overused; and under understood. Too many of us think that being Good Natured is a matter of being happy, always smiling, always in a good humor, always joking and jovial. Skippy was indeed all of those things and much more.</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>How many of you believe Skippy had the world’s best grin? </span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">YEAH — his face lit up and his eyes really twinkled. You know that phrase “<i>his eyes twinkled</i>”. — Well when he grinned and laughed, Skippy’s blue eyes really did twinkle.</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Skippy’s smile was such a fixed part of his personality, I cannot image his face without a smile. And I can tell you there is nothing to be valued more in life than friends who really smile, who bring the joy of their smiles to brighten the lives of others.</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Some of you never knew Skippy before he lost his hearing. Never was there an Irishman who loved a good story or a funny joke any more than Skippy. And no one — no one — had a quicker wit, or a better sense of humor. </span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Skippy lost his hearing gradually, progressing from moderate to severe to profound, and with his hearing, he lost many small and many great pleasures of life. From personal and professional experience, I can tell you that most people who experience that type of hearing loss, become disconnected and detached, and are often paranoid. We can’t hear and we are suspicious, and withdrawn, resentful, angry and even belligerent. Skippy NEVER succumbed to these emotional pitfalls. He continued to be good, and kind, and accepting of those who failed to understand his handicap. </span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Which brings me back to the REAL definition of </b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>Good Natured</b></span><b>. For each of us, our NATURE is our ESSENCE. What we really ARE — underneath the facade we show the world. Our NATURE is who we really are — and Skippy’s Nature, his essence was Good. Really, truly GOOD. He was kind — he was thoughtful — he was honest and true. Skippy was GOOD NATURED in every sense of that wonderful phrase.</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Part of that Goodness was LOVING. Which brings me to that second attribute that we associate with Skippy, LOVE.</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I well remember the first time I heard Skippy’s voice — it was over the telephone — an old yellow land line phone that hung on my kitchen wall in Port Washington, NY. He said, “<i>This is Steve McGrade’s Father, is Steve at your house</i>?” </span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">I said, that I thought Steve was outside with the gang (he usually was).</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>And Skippy asked me to please send him home to dinner. — I sent him home that day, and many others. </span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I also remember my first impressions of Skippy, as we got to know Him and Marion and later Kathy. Skippy LOVED his family. He loved Marion with all his heart and was devoted to her. He adored Kathy, who was always wonderful and perfect in his eyes. His eyes shone when he looked at her. His son Steve was his best friend. They enjoyed each other’s company, and shared so many traits. They came to Denise and Steve’s wedding in my home town in Louisiana, and we went to the Reception in New York. I can tell you that a Catholic wedding reception beats a Baptist wedding reception every time. </span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Our families grew to know one another because our children loved one another, but the bonds were cemented when our mutual grandchildren were born. Gramps and Grandma loved Patrick and Sarah with all their hearts. They pulled up roots in a town they loved and left friends and family behind to make a home in Frisco to be near those grandchildren. They literally gave up their lives for their grandchildren. This was real sacrificial love.</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I remember Skippy in those days. He was a man who never lost his sense of wonder; his joy in fun and play. These made him a natural with children. He could relate to them as so few grownups can. </span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I remember him sitting on the bathtub while Patrick, who was learning to use the potty, sat on the commode. They played these elaborate imaginary games, and had deep philosophical discussions.</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">I remember Skippy all folded up on a child’s chair, having a tea party with Sarah. I remember him Dancing with her in his arms. No two children ever had better grandparents; and Charles and I loved them for loving the grandchildren we also loved.</span></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>There are two things that psychologists say we never fully recover from: One is the loss of a parent; the other is the loss of a child. Skippy lost his Father when he was only 5 and he lost his only son when that son was barely 40. He could relate better than most to his orphaned grandchildren, and to their widowed mother. He became Denise’s best friend. They helped each other through a terrible time, and formed a forever bond.</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Through it all, and over the years; Skippy gave love, supporting and loving Marion and Kathy, helping Denise and the children. His bore his own pain without complaint or bitterness, giving love to those in need.</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The 13th Chapter of Corinthians is called the Love Chapter. It is a rather amazing Chapter because it is equally used at Weddings and at Funerals. There are 10 Verses that I think describe Skippy and his love. As I read, see if you agree with me?</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I’m reading these from the Modern Language version of the Bible called “<i>The Message</i>.”</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">At the end of this Passage, the writer, Paul, talks about Heaven, and about those of us who are left here on Earth to mourn the passing of a loved one. Paul concludes:</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>There are those among us who are confident of God’s Grace and their salvation and who look forward to being reunited with Skippy in a better life.</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>There are those among us who are not certain about these propositions, but who do believe in the power of Love. I want to share with all of you these words from the book of 1st John, Chapter 4.</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Theology from 1st John<br /></span></b></p><div><b><br /></b></div><p></p>Frances Jackson Freeman, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/14443125000303869964noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5854257755568701611.post-26425970258887150752021-11-12T10:14:00.007-08:002021-11-13T16:31:51.585-08:00DIGGING AROUND OUR AFRICAN ROOTS<h1 style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">DIGGING AROUND OUR AFRICAN ROOTS</span></b></h1><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="color: #fb0207; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIELMub-cu7P538m4CZiIENDgs75zr68wg0ZTEjKoPLbQq-P7KwcbJsVpxbFyvcMEWOA65krn0s5RLxNMMbJC5uXyrsNlUOHWMR0gw2FxEnIvTMeLg63xo3LrYcTjaJDq49egowCAzGBU/s550/roots.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="550" height="291" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIELMub-cu7P538m4CZiIENDgs75zr68wg0ZTEjKoPLbQq-P7KwcbJsVpxbFyvcMEWOA65krn0s5RLxNMMbJC5uXyrsNlUOHWMR0gw2FxEnIvTMeLg63xo3LrYcTjaJDq49egowCAzGBU/w400-h291/roots.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-decoration: underline;"><b><p style="color: #fb0207; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-decoration: underline;"><b><br /></b></span></span></p>PURPOSE </b></span>— <b>The purpose of this blog is to lay out the information and the process by which I am seeking to solve a genealogical mystery. This is done in hopes that others, especially my “<i>cousins,</i>” will contribute their information, and in so doing help us solve the mystery.</b></span><p></p><p style="color: #fb0207; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-decoration: underline;"><b>FOR</b></span><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> — </b></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>My Family</b></span><b>: For those who have helped me research our family, and for those who are just learning about our kin; for those I know well, and for those I have yet to meet.</b></span></p><p style="color: #fb0207; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b></b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><br /><br /></b></span></div><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">THE STORY</span></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>When I received my first DNA ethnicity report (this was from </b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Ancestry</i></b></span><b>), most of the results were exactly as expected; however 4% was unexpected, but not surprising. I have subsequently tested with two additional companies (Family Tree DNA and My Heritage). Tables summarizing my current ethnicity results from these tests are shown below for comparison. </b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #074080;"><b><br /></b></span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b></span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrxIFYrzjl0Dwmd0dB4LGkHS2SBAq9aWHASNBK3oiIP6ZeXedfKIiB676QCtbWc3azK0SaSG5tFVMVyU8yw29afAl6rIIIrD5jQHakL4QHlKp5KuOVxcgKRdzGUyz0vn3-kmHFdVwbBWw/s858/Ancestryfjf.png" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="858" data-original-width="814" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrxIFYrzjl0Dwmd0dB4LGkHS2SBAq9aWHASNBK3oiIP6ZeXedfKIiB676QCtbWc3azK0SaSG5tFVMVyU8yw29afAl6rIIIrD5jQHakL4QHlKp5KuOVxcgKRdzGUyz0vn3-kmHFdVwbBWw/w608-h640/Ancestryfjf.png" width="608" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><h2><b>ETHNICITY RESULTS FROM ANCESTRY</b></h2></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /> </b><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlEG0y-LREFFoOcsluBmvHLNuidhh5kN5DvM9uuO567zW6qqO_SuxcfriVVjvHniUhRflEi0uPss2kyaMc_IfPR_wIwVK3CVUyTWyku4mbjc7XH-J7VqbrwTATgsIf_7Y7aWDE_pobuNg/s1070/FamilyTreeDNAfjf.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1070" data-original-width="686" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlEG0y-LREFFoOcsluBmvHLNuidhh5kN5DvM9uuO567zW6qqO_SuxcfriVVjvHniUhRflEi0uPss2kyaMc_IfPR_wIwVK3CVUyTWyku4mbjc7XH-J7VqbrwTATgsIf_7Y7aWDE_pobuNg/w410-h640/FamilyTreeDNAfjf.png" width="410" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><h2><b>ETHNICITY RESULTS FROM FAMILY TREE DNA</b></h2></td></tr></tbody></table></span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><h1 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="778" data-original-width="388" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNVLTuzUB05uKMTFoHAX8fbIdfqkvDERDyNFEgPTZ-yV4-uxOhU1QUBHBslYxt4wpwZ3cWm1R7JUmxqaPr_dxb02b5fErVqnhSM_JFcdBzO3M3rhsLWjo3ZYe0ckYsKGR74jdYIBvQwEA/w320-h640/MyHeritagefjf.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></span></h1><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>ETHNICITY RESULTS FROM MY HERITAGE</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b></span><b><span style="font-size: large;">While the results differ in details, which vary with the data bases and algorithms used by each company, there is notable agreement. All three agree that while I am primarily of European extraction (with contributions from several different populations) I have a small but consistent African genetic ethnicity.</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><b><i><span> <u> </u></span><u>Ancestry</u></i></b></span><b> currently shows that I have a total of 3% African DNA, split between Cameroon, the Congo, and what </b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Ancestry</i></b></span><b> calls “<i>Western Bantu People.</i>” </b><b>With their earlier algorithms,</b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i> Ancestry</i></b></span><b> gave me 5% African split between Cameroon, Bantu People, and Mali. Bantu is a Language Category, and has little value for geographical location</b><b>. More helpfully, the Map below shows the modern, geo-political Nation states of Cameroon, Mali, Nigeria, and Congo.</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL7M7zBsx4Y4bpPlh4AFq6TCik8ysa5xOg_PYGC6TNlD10Gk_0Tn_8JeyNqqx4xPRAZdOebx6v-8CR-1m4FSe3plY5wlTD8Agw7hdW9ROhXfIklC7SBYmkiPQ__r6Iq6e-CS0dx6o1Ks0/s1006/Screen+Shot+2021-11-07+at+1.39.20+PM.png"><img border="0" data-original-height="722" data-original-width="1006" height="461" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL7M7zBsx4Y4bpPlh4AFq6TCik8ysa5xOg_PYGC6TNlD10Gk_0Tn_8JeyNqqx4xPRAZdOebx6v-8CR-1m4FSe3plY5wlTD8Agw7hdW9ROhXfIklC7SBYmkiPQ__r6Iq6e-CS0dx6o1Ks0/w640-h461/Screen+Shot+2021-11-07+at+1.39.20+PM.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>My Heritage</i></b></span><b> gives me the highest estimate, 5.6% of African ethnicity, split between Nigeria and North Africa; while </b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>FTDNA</i></b></span><b> gives me the smallest estimate, and places that 2% entirely in Nigeria. As can be seen on our map above, the modern nation states of Nigeria and Cameroon are close geographical neighbors. </b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>My Heritage</i></b></span><b> and </b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>FTDNA</i></b></span><b> currently seem to have stronger algorithms and/or more specific ethnic data bases than </b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Ancestry</i></b></span><b>.</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>SUMMARY</b></span><b> — Taken together, my results from three companies and a total of five reanalyses (improved algorithms and expanded data bases) agree that I have between 2% and 5.6% (mean of 3.8%) West, Central African Genetic Heritage. I am grateful that I did the ethnicity testing because over the next two generations, my African ethnicity will no longer be detectable. Mine may be the last generation for tracing this family heritage.</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>LOCATION</b></span><b> — From a geographical perspective, the history of the targeted region is worth review. In the mid 17th - early 19th Centuries, when the West African Slave Trade flourished, the area where today’s Nigeria borders today’s Cameroon was called </b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Biafra</i></b></span><b>, as shown on the old map below. While the exact boundaries of Biafra are disputed today (mainly by the government of Nigeria), the general location is accepted. European sailors used the term “</b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>bight</i></b></span><b>” (pronounced “<i>bite</i>”) to designate an inlet in the land, and the bay in the curve of the African continent was designated as the “</b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Bight of Biafra</i></b></span><b>,” and was later called the “</b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Bight of Bonnie.</i></b></span><b>” The geo-ethnic data from my DNA testing points to this as the probable location for my African origins. </b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9g1MRnnC5AKYVt8M7zrJvT7xXUxgTNldNH7Sz50CwWR1WX1QP1hIZjnRf1MsEJ7KWQIZvG-y4Jz_xiVPrV7z8625rFbZx2Y3oiq16Isi45SxPDezON8xGbKS05O4-N6X6KPPvfaiS0jc/s1784/Screen+Shot+2021-11-08+at+8.02.32+AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1066" data-original-width="1784" height="382" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9g1MRnnC5AKYVt8M7zrJvT7xXUxgTNldNH7Sz50CwWR1WX1QP1hIZjnRf1MsEJ7KWQIZvG-y4Jz_xiVPrV7z8625rFbZx2Y3oiq16Isi45SxPDezON8xGbKS05O4-N6X6KPPvfaiS0jc/w640-h382/Screen+Shot+2021-11-08+at+8.02.32+AM.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihgerroj6zaQi0GcRYMAFEjgtYowPe-6z7y71bgLyNMhyOSYwCYdnd0YNVNrFhdFxwCZohIxd8rFr06WYqCY0JKN6V_PD7mKqVTyR7zYKn2C6Rdvg5q3TnubSxshqr4MXZ8BDZ5rXUw_c/s572/Screen+Shot+2021-11-08+at+8.02.46+AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="278" data-original-width="572" height="312" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihgerroj6zaQi0GcRYMAFEjgtYowPe-6z7y71bgLyNMhyOSYwCYdnd0YNVNrFhdFxwCZohIxd8rFr06WYqCY0JKN6V_PD7mKqVTyR7zYKn2C6Rdvg5q3TnubSxshqr4MXZ8BDZ5rXUw_c/w640-h312/Screen+Shot+2021-11-08+at+8.02.46+AM.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /></span><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>At the center of the Bight of Biafra is the delta of the Niger River (labeled Port Harcourt on modern map below), which drains much of the West Central African Highlands (see old and new Maps below). Thousands of Africans were sold into slavery, and shipped to the West Indies and North America from this area. Many peoples from Biafra, and especially those living along the Niger River had cultivated rice for centuries.</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQkX5e1PNFQUNSLGGmTcpf9pCPc6t8vKttjorokUHpoKa38o-KdYLsmziGCYZcZBfhDBQldGsaSD2G-NQKiy_Lzi3_A9wU5mOol0y0uCDJZhlpJ8aqeoZpqOJcTkPcZHxujCZsC-ivR8M/s1254/Screen+Shot+2021-11-08+at+11.46.57+AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="644" data-original-width="1254" height="328" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQkX5e1PNFQUNSLGGmTcpf9pCPc6t8vKttjorokUHpoKa38o-KdYLsmziGCYZcZBfhDBQldGsaSD2G-NQKiy_Lzi3_A9wU5mOol0y0uCDJZhlpJ8aqeoZpqOJcTkPcZHxujCZsC-ivR8M/w640-h328/Screen+Shot+2021-11-08+at+11.46.57+AM.png" width="640" /></a></b></div><b><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz2_qBRuQDdb_Xcr5ujPb4T8CNPQWbM6PC3W_5zAzzPHzZ9xR6DAEiDCJG2-zwU_u81JtbD9ZjK-Ub4jTykuw7ppeVqcp6EDmALs1ERZIbb6kycn6f-w4vUpVCM78xE-LzrHF5rZN_RS8/s1552/Screen+Shot+2021-11-10+at+9.00.19+AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="776" data-original-width="1552" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz2_qBRuQDdb_Xcr5ujPb4T8CNPQWbM6PC3W_5zAzzPHzZ9xR6DAEiDCJG2-zwU_u81JtbD9ZjK-Ub4jTykuw7ppeVqcp6EDmALs1ERZIbb6kycn6f-w4vUpVCM78xE-LzrHF5rZN_RS8/w640-h320/Screen+Shot+2021-11-10+at+9.00.19+AM.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /></b><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Virginia, the Carolinas, Georgia, and Louisiana as well as Haiti were areas where aspiring rice farmers sought workers familiar with rice culture. Some historians argue that the reverse happened, and that the Africans from rice growing cultures introduced rice farming to these areas. In either event, the first Africans were brought to Louisiana in 1719-20 were brought from this area, although their original homeland may have been further up the Niger River. They were ethic Bambara, heirs of the Bambara Empire, and experienced rice farmers. </span></span></b></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span> </span></span></span></b></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span> <span> </span></span>The oldest settlement in French Louisiana, Natchitoches was 5 years old and New Orleans was only a year old when the first Africans arrived. In that same year, German settlers from Alsace and Loraine were brought to Louisiana as farmers and were settled along the Mississippi, north of New Orleans. Within two decades, there were four Africans in Louisiana for every European. </span></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The complex race relations of French Louisiana were governed by the Code Noir, published in 1685, and enforced in Louisiana in the 18th Century. Race relations in French and Spanish Louisiana differed greatly from those in British colonies, and a large population of Free Africans existed in 18th and early 19th Century Louisiana. The Natchitoches area was home to a concentration of Free Creole People of Color, as described in a number of contemporary histories and novels. The relationships between European, African, and Native American peoples in Louisiana underwent many changes subsequent to Louisiana gaining statehood in 1812. Branches of my family have lived in the Natchitoches area from 1750 until now. </span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span> <span> </span></span>More information on the Bight of Biafra, the Bombara, Code Noir, Slavery in Louisiana, and the Creole People of Cane River, Natchitoches can be found in the following references:</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/99/25/16360"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>https://www.pnas.org/content/99/25/16360</b><span style="color: #0c61ab;"><b></b></span></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.evergreenplantation.org/evergreen-blog/2020/5/7/the-arrival-of-the-first-africans-in-louisiana"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>https://www.evergreenplantation.org/evergreen-blog/2020/5/7/the-arrival-of-the-first-africans-in-louisiana</b><span style="color: #0c61ab;"><b></b></span></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b></b></span><br /></span></p><p style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.whitneyplantation.org/history/slavery-in-louisiana/slave-trade-in-louisiana/the-louisiana-slave-database/"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>https://www.whitneyplantation.org/history/slavery-in-louisiana/slave-trade-in-louisiana/the-louisiana-slave-database/</b><span style="color: #0c61ab;"><b></b></span></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.whitneyplantation.org/history/slavery-in-louisiana/"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>https://www.whitneyplantation.org/history/slavery-in-louisiana/</b><span style="color: #0c61ab;"><b></b></span></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/096746080000700201"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/096746080000700201</b><span style="color: #0c61ab;"><b></b></span></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_Noir"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_Noir</b><span style="color: #0c61ab;"><b></b></span></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.whitneyplantation.org/history/slavery-in-louisiana/slave-trade-in-louisiana/the-slave-coast-and-the-bight-of-biafra/"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>https://www.whitneyplantation.org/history/slavery-in-louisiana/slave-trade-in-louisiana/the-slave-coast-and-the-bight-of-biafra/</b><span style="color: #0c61ab;"><b></b></span></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b></b></span><br /></span></p><p style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_Noir"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_Noir</b><span style="color: #0c61ab;"><b></b></span></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b></b></span><br /></span></p><p style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://lib.lsu.edu/sites/all/files/sc/fpoc/"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>https://lib.lsu.edu/sites/all/files/sc/fpoc/</b><span style="color: #0c61ab;"><b></b></span></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b></b></span><br /></span></p><p style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://lib.lsu.edu/sites/all/files/sc/fpoc/history.html"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>https://lib.lsu.edu/sites/all/files/sc/fpoc/history.html</b><span style="color: #0c61ab;"><b></b></span></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b></b></span><br /></span></p><p style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4234002"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>https://www.jstor.org/stable/4234002</b><span style="color: #0c61ab;"><b></b></span></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b></b></span><br /></span></p><p style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.canerivernha.org/cane-river-creoles"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>https://www.canerivernha.org/cane-river-creoles</b><span style="color: #0c61ab;"><b></b></span></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b></b></span><br /></span></p><p style="color: navy; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b></b></span><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>TIME PERIOD</b></span><b> — The following research is based in the hypothesis that </b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>most</b></span><b> of my African Heritage (at least for the past 4 to 6 generations) comes from a single line of descent from one African ancestor, rather than from an accumulation of DNA from multiple African ancestors. While both are possibilities, the single-line hypothesis seems to be the simplest and the most probable, and thus is explored first. </b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In this hypothesis, the math is simple. It is assumed that in each generation I have one ancestor carrying my African genetic heritage, and the specific contribution is roughly halved with each succeeding generation. In considering the following table, you should remember that with each generation, the number of my ancestors doubles (that is I have 2 parents, 4 grandparents, 8 great grandparents etc.). In the table below, the generations are numbered beginning with me. The number in parentheses is the number of my ancestors in that generation (potential contributors of my DNA). The third column names the generation, and the fourth describes the era of their lives, while the expected % of African ancestry is predicted in the last column. </span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">This Hypothesis would predict the following:</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"> #1 Frances (1939-present) =<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> <span> <span> <span> <span> <span> <span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;">2% - 5%</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">#2 (2) Parent (20th century - 20th Century) 4% -10%</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">#3 (4) Grandparent (post Civil War - WWII)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>8% - 20%</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">#4 (8) Great Grandparent (Rev. - Civil Wara) 16% - 40%</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">#5 (16) 2 Great Grandparent (Pre-- Post Rev.)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span> 32% - 80%</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">#6 (32) 3 Great Grandparent (18th Century)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>64% - 100%</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">#7 (64) 4 Great Grandparent (17th to 18th Century) 100%</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>If we consider this chart in the context of the History of the United States, we can conclude that the era in which my predominately or fully African ancestor lived probably coincided with the period of the Acadian migration to Louisiana (1765-1785), the American Revolution (1775-1791), the acquisition of the Louisiana Territory by the United States (1803), and the admission of Louisiana into the Union and the second American War with Great Britain (1812); or stated differently<u> after</u> 1765 and <u>before</u> 1812.</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>CLIMBING THE FAMILY TREE</b></span><b> — The next step was a process of elimination made possible by the widespread use of genetic genealogy. With each generation I considered my “</b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>cousins,</i></b></span><b>” other descendants of my known ancestors, to determine which cousins shared my African Ethnicity. For example, I first examined data on my first cousins, maternal and paternal. The results clearly indicated that my African ethnicity was shared with my paternal, but not my maternal cousins, thus supporting the conclusion that my father was the source of my African DNA.</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>This approach has problems, since in every generation, I am using only a sampling of of potential subjects (cousins), specifically only those who have been tested, and who have shared their results. For this reason, I continue to study new DNA results in order to revise my conclusions, if necessary. This problem becomes acute in the 6th and 7th generations, as shown below. The following conclusions are supported by all the data I have been able to collect and compare thus far.</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>FINDINGS</b></span><b> —</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Gen #2 - Father — </b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>Wilmer H. Jackson, Sr.</b></span><b> <span> <span> <span> <span> <span> </span></span></span></span></span></b></span><b><span style="font-size: large;">1909-1990</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Gen #3 - Grandmother — </b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>Ida Belle Adams</b></span><b> <span> <span> <span> <span> </span></span></span></span></b></span><b> <span> <span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">1887-1978</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Gen #4 - G. Grandmother - </b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>Sarah Catherine Hamous</b></span><b> 1861-1923</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Gen #5 - G. G. Grandmother-</b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>Marie Aurore Frederick </b></span><b>1814-1904</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Gen #6 - G. G. G. Grandparents — Not Currently Determined</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Either Phillippe Frederic III (1787-1865) OR </span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Marie Rosalie Brigitte Lestage (1792-1850)</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Gen. #7 - G.G.G.G. Grandparents — Not Currently Determined</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Phillipe Frederic II (1750-1803) or his wife,</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Marie Barbe Cheletre (1760-1793) </span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>OR</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Guillaume (William) Lestage (1748-1797) or his wife</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Marie Emmanuel “Manuela” Riche (1750-1816)</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The family tree below illustrates the Ancestors of Marie Aurore Frederick, who would have been 32% to 80% African, and who is the last ancestor I can unambiguously identify as a source of my African Heritage.</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><br /></b></div><b><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo1qsuI6ecjqN-na-fZ2yCorIlLn5MgRnzxP2MvqcSAEYJCfLsUg2h6e0xcIhfsKT1izzyTF8IGp09lSRBqZmpc5yr03nPniRj3MLRkZokL3Ht2qno1nzo2FepU3TXNWVRZRKHiB4hyphenhyphennc/s1816/Screen+Shot+2021-11-11+at+12.01.41+PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="904" data-original-width="1816" height="318" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo1qsuI6ecjqN-na-fZ2yCorIlLn5MgRnzxP2MvqcSAEYJCfLsUg2h6e0xcIhfsKT1izzyTF8IGp09lSRBqZmpc5yr03nPniRj3MLRkZokL3Ht2qno1nzo2FepU3TXNWVRZRKHiB4hyphenhyphennc/w640-h318/Screen+Shot+2021-11-11+at+12.01.41+PM.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>My Great, Great, Grandmother </b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Marie Aurore Frederick</i></b></span><b>, who married </b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>John Theodore Polhemus</i></b></span><b>, lived in a time period when the American (Anglo-Saxon/British) ethnic groups were replacing the French and Spanish ethnic groups as the dominant culture in North Louisiana. After the acquisition of the Louisiana Territory in1803 and statehood in 1812, thousands of immigrants poured into Louisiana from the other States. Most of these were farmers who settled in the North, Central, and later West Central portions of the state. </b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Marie Aurore’s very name bears testimony to the “<i>Americanization</i>” process. She was born Marie Aurore Frederick in 1814, and under that name, she was married in 1848 to a transplanted native of New Jersey — John Theodore Polhemus. However, before her death in 1904, she became Mary Laura Hamous and her deceased husband was called John Paul Hamous. Both of their names (her’s French/German and his, German) were Anglicized, thus reducing their connections to non-British heritages. </span></b><b><span style="font-size: large;">During this period, race relations were also altered, and Native American or African "<i>roots</i>" were deeply buried by "<i>Americanized</i>" families. </span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>A LITTLE HELP FROM A COUSIN </b></span><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>— </b></span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>This was as far as I could go until I got a bit of help from a cousin, and the plot thickened. During the last years of his life, my cousin, HH became more interested in genealogy, and during the last months we did some work together. Since his death, I have pursued the work we began. This portion of our investigation focuses on HH, and his ancestors.</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>HH tested with the one major genetic genealogy company I had not tested with — </b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>23 AND ME.</i></b></span><b> HH showed a higher percentage of African Ancestry than I did, and higher than any of our other first cousins. Further, 23 AND ME indicated in their report that there were probably two separate contributions (rather than a single ancestor) in his African Ancestry. </b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>HH’s paternal ancestry is a “<i>Who’s Who</i>” of the History of Louisiana. He is a direct descendent of the, founder of Natchitoches, the French explorer and adventurer, Louis Antoine Juchereau De St. Denis, and from the Lemoine Family of French Canada, which includes the first Governors of Louisiana. DeSoto Parish is named for his 5th great Grandfather, Don Emanuel (Manuel) Antonio De Soto Y Bermudez, and his family has lived in Natchitoches Parish for over 400 years.</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>When we compared HH’s maternal and paternal first cousins, we found evidence of African Ancestry from both of his parents (Mother and Father). The following family tree shows HH’s parents (2), grandparents (4), great grandparents (8), and great, great grandparents (16). Among his great, great grandparents, you will find the familiar name of our shared great, great grandmother, </b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Marie Aurore Frederick</i></b></span><b> (1814-1904). Among his Paternal great, great grandparents, I call your attention to the name of </b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Marie Ephrosine Lestage</i></b></span><b> (1812-1850). </b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNzCNFEHRoHVuN_XGtXMRYX-xEx_OpSbBFcgkExdPfHwIQXJQQeTAKHfrge0fxpOZiLhJf4cKztAynzRpqpBP7I9mjCMFOXxvRC2x2Oc6wd22sasWkU8w8r4VW08t64IKOPAi4weiXRKI/s1342/Screen+Shot+2021-11-11+at+3.37.44+PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="870" data-original-width="1342" height="414" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNzCNFEHRoHVuN_XGtXMRYX-xEx_OpSbBFcgkExdPfHwIQXJQQeTAKHfrge0fxpOZiLhJf4cKztAynzRpqpBP7I9mjCMFOXxvRC2x2Oc6wd22sasWkU8w8r4VW08t64IKOPAi4weiXRKI/w640-h414/Screen+Shot+2021-11-11+at+3.37.44+PM.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /><b><br /></b></span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Above you can see the family tree for </b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Marie Aurore Frederick</i></b></span><b>, and below you can review the tree for </b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Marie Ephrosine Lestage</i></b></span><b>. Comparisons of the two trees reveal that </b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Marie Aurore Frederick</i></b></span><b> and </b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Marie Ephrosine Lestage</i></b></span><b> are first cousins — in fact they are “</b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>double first cousins</i></b></span><b>.” That is, their parents married siblings (a Lestage brother and sister married a Frederick brother and sister), so that the girls (Marie Aurore and Marie Ephrosine) share two sets of grandparents, rather than one (as is the case for ordinary first cousins). The shared grandparents create the “<i>double first cousin</i>” relationship. Double first cousins are as close genetically as siblings. HH has more African DNA than his Maternal first cousins (including me) because he is doubly descended from our common African ancestor -- But WHICH ONE?</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1bQwJ4N0RQnlGvhPM0N0gw_21LSP6qdR1E3KTJfz13DyZhkP2QNCtoA_aqekfanmPNxrx6iwUlxUt3fvgPOpLpAFWBKO9LIiAs3nH_1NWSTACvqGldDaOD0Ml9N9I6zEqf2FS9q21WFs/s1758/Screen+Shot+2021-11-11+at+3.50.20+PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1062" data-original-width="1758" height="386" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1bQwJ4N0RQnlGvhPM0N0gw_21LSP6qdR1E3KTJfz13DyZhkP2QNCtoA_aqekfanmPNxrx6iwUlxUt3fvgPOpLpAFWBKO9LIiAs3nH_1NWSTACvqGldDaOD0Ml9N9I6zEqf2FS9q21WFs/w640-h386/Screen+Shot+2021-11-11+at+3.50.20+PM.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /><b><br /></b></span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Of the EIGHT shared, potential ancestors ( 1. Phillipe M. Frederic, 2. Catherine Bernard Antoni , 3. Michel Cheletre, 4. Anne Barbe Pommier, 5. Reynauld Lestage, 6. Marie Laquesone, 7. Henri Riche, and 8. Marie Jeanne Josephe Clermont), three are second generation Louisiana settlers, being children of original German Coast Settlers. These three are Philipe M. Frederic, Catherine Bernard Antoni and Anne Barbe Pommier. The European ancestors of these 3 have been heavily researched, and we do not believe they have African ancestry. </span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The other five are all “<i>reported</i>” to be immigrants from France (all were reportedly born in France and died in Natchitoches). These include Michel Cheletre, Reynauld Lestage, Marie Laquesone, Henri Riche, and Marie Jeanne Josephe Clermont. I believe that the most probable candidate for my African ancestry is </b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Marie Laquesone</i></b></span><b>, but I have no evidence to support such a finding. It is mostly a matter of elimination. The evidence that exists for a French birthplace or heritage for Marie Laquesone is incomplete, and questionable. A potential African heritage is inferred by the absence of proof of European heritage. More research is clearly needed,</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-decoration: underline;"><b>LOOKING FOR OTHER COUSINS </b></span><b>— Our best hope of solving this puzzle is through information from other Cousins, descendants of one or more of these EIGHT POTENTIAL AFRICAN ANCESTORS. I hope that others will read this blog, and volunteer to share their family trees and/or ethnicity findings.</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></b></p><div><br /></div>Frances Jackson Freeman, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/14443125000303869964noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5854257755568701611.post-31598026792009949672021-08-28T13:12:00.003-07:002021-08-28T13:13:57.874-07:00LIST OF GERMAN COAST LINKS FOR GENEALOGY RESEARCH<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">List of German Coast Links For Genealogy Research</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-QjuEdpuXjXiPMgsZkKvrG3BAj5ZaOhf_vdkmgShEPMkfJIJWFb4DY4LhJN4ZzGx6OX3XAoIyGM2p_f9u1-fkVAwwW157Ilx8L23sMiEGllqiDjos3Fj4Fse6l3xZNmfahbIUI-rj5q8/s800/German+Coast+letter+in+Spanish.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="481" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-QjuEdpuXjXiPMgsZkKvrG3BAj5ZaOhf_vdkmgShEPMkfJIJWFb4DY4LhJN4ZzGx6OX3XAoIyGM2p_f9u1-fkVAwwW157Ilx8L23sMiEGllqiDjos3Fj4Fse6l3xZNmfahbIUI-rj5q8/w384-h640/German+Coast+letter+in+Spanish.jpeg" width="384" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com">https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com</a></span></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Coast"><b>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Coast</b></a></span><b> </b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/German_Coast,_Louisiana"><b><span style="font-size: large;">https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/German_Coast,_Louisiana</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.hnoc.org/research/german-settlers-louisiana-and-new-orleans"><b><span style="font-size: large;">https://www.hnoc.org/research/german-settlers-louisiana-and-new-orleans</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.evergreenplantation.org/evergreen-blog/2020/5/11/a-german-on-louisianas-german-coast-in-1802"><b><span style="font-size: large;">https://www.evergreenplantation.org/evergreen-blog/2020/5/11/a-german-on-louisianas-german-coast-in-1802</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.acadian-cajun.com/germanc.htm"><b><span style="font-size: large;">https://www.acadian-cajun.com/germanc.htm</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.geni.com/projects/Settlers-of-Louisiana-s-German-Coast/49117"><b><span style="font-size: large;">https://www.geni.com/projects/Settlers-of-Louisiana-s-German-Coast/49117</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">(With bibliography)</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www2.latech.edu/~bmagee/louisiana_anthology/303_download/texts/01--deiler--german_coast--English/settlementofgerm01deil.pdf"><b><span style="font-size: large;">http://www2.latech.edu/~bmagee/louisiana_anthology/303_download/texts/01--deiler--german_coast--English/settlementofgerm01deil.pdf</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">(This is the pdf of Deiler’s book)</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://tolkien2008.wordpress.com/2011/01/03/connaitre-lorigine-de-son"><b><span style="font-size: large;">https://tolkien2008.wordpress.com/2011/01/03/connaitre-lorigine-de-son</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.louisianafolklife.org/LT/Articles_Essays/German.html"><b><span style="font-size: large;">https://www.louisianafolklife.org/LT/Articles_Essays/German.html</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://cls.louisiana.edu/programming-special-projects/louisiana-101/peoples-places/german-americans"><b><span style="font-size: large;">https://cls.louisiana.edu/programming-special-projects/louisiana-101/peoples-places/german-americans</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1811_German_Coast_uprising"><b><span style="font-size: large;">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1811_German_Coast_uprising</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.lobservateur.com/2021/01/23/german-coast-celebrates-300-years/"><b><span style="font-size: large;">https://www.lobservateur.com/2021/01/23/german-coast-celebrates-300-years/</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.myneworleans.com/the-germans-those-forgotten-creoles/"><b><span style="font-size: large;">https://www.myneworleans.com/the-germans-those-forgotten-creoles/</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://scphistory.org/18thcenturytimeline/"><b><span style="font-size: large;">https://scphistory.org/18thcenturytimeline/</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Exceptionally useful timeline</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/45137327?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A9d8d7e891a221746039fca2ae8473246&seq=12#page_scan_tab_contents"><b><span style="font-size: large;">https://www.jstor.org/stable/45137327?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A9d8d7e891a221746039fca2ae8473246&seq=12#page_scan_tab_contents</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Good article available through JSTOR</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://genealogytrails.com/lou/1724census.html"><b><span style="font-size: large;">http://genealogytrails.com/lou/1724census.html</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">First Census showing Mathis</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/german-coast-louisiana.html"><b><span style="font-size: large;">https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/german-coast-louisiana.html</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">16 images</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://usgwarchives.net/maps/louisiana/"><b><span style="font-size: large;">http://usgwarchives.net/maps/louisiana/</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Historical maps of Louisiana</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="color: #a30003; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Frederich-37"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Frederich-37</b><span style="color: #a30003;"><b></b></span></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #a30003; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">WIKITREE PAGE FOR MATHIS FREDERICH</span></b></p><p style="color: #a30003; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="color: #a30003; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Antoni-63"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Antoni-63</b><span style="color: #a30003;"><b></b></span></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #a30003; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">WIKITREE PAGE FOR ANTONI BERNARD</span></b></p><p style="color: #a30003; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.houmatoday.com/article/DA/20070516/news/608091620/HC"><b><span style="font-size: large;">https://www.houmatoday.com/article/DA/20070516/news/608091620/HC</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.thecajuns.com/britgerm.htm"><b><span style="font-size: large;">https://www.thecajuns.com/britgerm.htm</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">The Maryland Germans</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.seitztravel.com/german-heritage-tour"><b><span style="font-size: large;">https://www.seitztravel.com/german-heritage-tour</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Organized for descendants 2022</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://gachgs.com"><b><span style="font-size: large;">http://gachgs.com</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Genealogical Society</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://bontempstix.com/events/ione-e-burden-symposium-300-years-of-the-german-coast-9-11-2021"><b><span style="font-size: large;">https://bontempstix.com/events/ione-e-burden-symposium-300-years-of-the-german-coast-9-11-2021</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Sept. 11 Conference</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/louisianas-german-coast-a-history-of-st-charles-parish/oclc/62280037"><b><span style="font-size: large;">https://www.worldcat.org/title/louisianas-german-coast-a-history-of-st-charles-parish/oclc/62280037</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Locations of the book History of St. Charles Parish</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.angelfire.com/la/ancestors/Cajun.html"><b><span style="font-size: large;">https://www.angelfire.com/la/ancestors/Cajun.html</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Links to pages devoted to descendants of different settlers</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.stcharlesparish.jwebre.com"><b><span style="font-size: large;">http://www.stcharlesparish.jwebre.com</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">St. Charles Parish Genealogy Website</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.stjamesparish.jwebre.com"><b><span style="font-size: large;">http://www.stjamesparish.jwebre.com</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">St. James Parish Genealogy Website</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="color: #a30003; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.stjohnparish.jwebre.com"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>http://www.stjohnparish.jwebre.com</b><span style="color: #a30003;"><b></b></span></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #a30003; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">St. John Parish Genealogy Website — 3 Frederic Researchers listed</span></b></p><p style="color: #a30003; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="color: #a30003; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://pelicanpub.com/content/1589802446-ch01.pdf"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>https://pelicanpub.com/content/1589802446-ch01.pdf</b><span style="color: #a30003;"><b></b></span></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #a30003; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Full PDF of History</span></b></p><p style="color: #a30003; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=86095"><b><span style="font-size: large;">https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=86095</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://archive.vermiliontoday.com/columns/germans-met-cajuns"><b><span style="font-size: large;">https://archive.vermiliontoday.com/columns/germans-met-cajuns</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://aonnonline.org/images/annual_conference/2020/Premium-Recipe-Packet.pdf"><b><span style="font-size: large;">https://aonnonline.org/images/annual_conference/2020/Premium-Recipe-Packet.pdf</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Food Contributions</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/wm7QDG_Settlement_of_the_German_Coast_Destrehan_LA"><b><span style="font-size: large;">https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/wm7QDG_Settlement_of_the_German_Coast_Destrehan_LA</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/entertainment_life/article_0f830bc4-3100-11e8-932e-9f5e2cd354e5.html"><b><span style="font-size: large;">https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/entertainment_life/article_0f830bc4-3100-11e8-932e-9f5e2cd354e5.html</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Cookbook</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://video.lpb.org/video/germany-2-the-german-coast-7wjxc4/"><b><span style="font-size: large;">https://video.lpb.org/video/germany-2-the-german-coast-7wjxc4/</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Louisiana Public Broadcasting Series on the German Coast</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=a45630c27d954e32a861753b27cf98ea"><b><span style="font-size: large;">https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=a45630c27d954e32a861753b27cf98ea</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Interactive Timeline with map Illustrations</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://watermark.silverchair.com/0360001.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAApIwggKOBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggJ_MIICewIBADCCAnQGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMWQGrsD6AOHwwhUvJAgEQgIICRd-riFGkhVG8BTwBYb1Kq-_5ETBCGlUs06CWF3vmFBGGBKc9pE7zckeL5GS_Wxav64XMM0X3z7pmu4NPlH74MIdDXy2SpcDv0p6GbfXXtu7sY3vbkjmD5ohVGlVRtauN-GeCX1RP56HJfvazxJeYPvjSWVIyz1Ra977kCotayWKFMzstoOKVHkO201DrAGJN-Xyr05N-w0NyfbYs6PeBExBImWvBVOJY_FmrldMi05148R06jcFQzjRzF9F6s-PJu0wYr2CxQ-kocpp1tqP_IvluqVTxxGqgEKXwpqS73u2vQg_zZXN-EOtssxiZrKGOTfn7Q5YeSMTJkVLItjZbEFxaeLUcJ1tvMIh5yZeGAl236Q7OUrPReOkJkPNiQSeO9r4ONx73zo7Gae8tEVyCcga9DUPXe8q2gXQ1zHJS1g48Kr6hpNjQvm20z31rnV7Thdo1gspUIZo2g6V7UpyIj9JYU3HvVJurjWoniYBiVCqTituV3JGbYtSNTRNySUlAreWnskRPxDJTuGdCVTIbnnKdMzlFpqMHDyFN6NGVtCEQ1FvE2DTpYGJl6iyXB8lgVqvvcNejVmCh4L_Fh_L80ydm1GFUZ6dG4ie4MiqTWAzRkKmSYy7UH0IH0kGaEDva0zmF1NJQATIet3bCwk_ZU7lmhvkvhvgYE9c5Ws3Gc88zM_9T5rnBcQukqkkusUSYxg_ZoYAd8S-8sEQes1hAT9M4kFVfGMuEOflD_tNomFT8hsfJuzDQcDJuzRyPv71XnyTpTWk_"><b><span style="font-size: large;">https://watermark.silverchair.com/0360001.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAApIwggKOBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggJ_MIICewIBADCCAnQGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMWQGrsD6AOHwwhUvJAgEQgIICRd-riFGkhVG8BTwBYb1Kq-_5ETBCGlUs06CWF3vmFBGGBKc9pE7zckeL5GS_Wxav64XMM0X3z7pmu4NPlH74MIdDXy2SpcDv0p6GbfXXtu7sY3vbkjmD5ohVGlVRtauN-GeCX1RP56HJfvazxJeYPvjSWVIyz1Ra977kCotayWKFMzstoOKVHkO201DrAGJN-Xyr05N-w0NyfbYs6PeBExBImWvBVOJY_FmrldMi05148R06jcFQzjRzF9F6s-PJu0wYr2CxQ-kocpp1tqP_IvluqVTxxGqgEKXwpqS73u2vQg_zZXN-EOtssxiZrKGOTfn7Q5YeSMTJkVLItjZbEFxaeLUcJ1tvMIh5yZeGAl236Q7OUrPReOkJkPNiQSeO9r4ONx73zo7Gae8tEVyCcga9DUPXe8q2gXQ1zHJS1g48Kr6hpNjQvm20z31rnV7Thdo1gspUIZo2g6V7UpyIj9JYU3HvVJurjWoniYBiVCqTituV3JGbYtSNTRNySUlAreWnskRPxDJTuGdCVTIbnnKdMzlFpqMHDyFN6NGVtCEQ1FvE2DTpYGJl6iyXB8lgVqvvcNejVmCh4L_Fh_L80ydm1GFUZ6dG4ie4MiqTWAzRkKmSYy7UH0IH0kGaEDva0zmF1NJQATIet3bCwk_ZU7lmhvkvhvgYE9c5Ws3Gc88zM_9T5rnBcQukqkkusUSYxg_ZoYAd8S-8sEQes1hAT9M4kFVfGMuEOflD_tNomFT8hsfJuzDQcDJuzRyPv71XnyTpTWk_</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Complete PDF to linguistic article (I loved it)</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.doyletics.com/arj/germanso.shtml"><b><span style="font-size: large;">http://www.doyletics.com/arj/germanso.shtml</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>A review of the book </b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>the German People of New Orleans</i></b></span><b> by John Frederick Nau</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="color: #a30003; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://pelicanpub.com/content/1589802446-FM.pdf"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>https://pelicanpub.com/content/1589802446-FM.pdf</b><span style="color: #a30003;"><b></b></span></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #a30003; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Link to PDF by Ellen C. Merrill with a foreword by Don Heinrich Tolzmann</span></b></p><p style="color: #a30003; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/merrill-ellen-c-1935"><b><span style="font-size: large;">https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/merrill-ellen-c-1935</span></b></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">About Ellen Merrill</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="color: #a30003; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.historicpathways.com/download/delibphil.pdf"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>https://www.historicpathways.com/download/delibphil.pdf</b><span style="color: #a30003;"><b></b></span></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #a30003; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Link to the PDF of an article by Elizabeth Shown Mills on her research on her husband’s German Coast ancestor, published in </b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>The American Genealogist.</i></b></span><b> It is clear she knows this work well.</b></span></p><p style="color: #a30003; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="color: #a30003; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.acadian-cajun.com/genacbk.htm"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>http://www.acadian-cajun.com/genacbk.htm</b><span style="color: #a30003;"><b></b></span></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #a30003; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">A great bibliography of books and family genealogies</span></b></p><p style="color: #a30003; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.theusgenweb.org/la/acadia/genholdings.html"><b>http://www.theusgenweb.org/la/acadia/genholdings.html</b></a></span><b>e A</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Listing of the holdings at the Acadia Parish Library</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><b></b><br /></p>Frances Jackson Freeman, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/14443125000303869964noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5854257755568701611.post-34679176903787965712021-08-26T13:36:00.012-07:002021-08-28T14:09:18.220-07:00<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Major References on:</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">The Ancestors of Howard Henry Lemoine, Jr.</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Purposes:</span></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span>I am writing this Blog for two purposes: </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b>(1) </b>to help me organize the materials I have been reading in preparation for writing the “<i>Story</i>” of Henry’s Ancestors;<b> and</b>, </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b>(2)</b> to provide a reading list for Henry’s children, grandchildren and other kin who want to know more about their heritage. You will find that some of the books are suitable for children.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>This Blog will serve as an annotated list of References for Henry’s Genealogy. The notes in the bibliography are my opinions, nothing more. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">(</span><b><i>Please note </i></b><i>that there are many spelling variations for Henry’s ancestors’ names, especially those that are originally French, Spanish, or German. The names were spelled differently across languages, and especially in English. I just ignore the problem in this document.)</i></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"></span></b></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVWpxK23MXYvCDmfPSlD6_KRLdnbuaE0sANPn777M8lL9Ms8xDCrrWT9VMu8co_uD-R_MNYDVFJhb7X3M9WHiVeWKqOmHQ_t574VKi7zPEcj8wIAmyEQX3ujNIpuVI6-jyoWwSpynmCig/s640/St.+Denis.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="426" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVWpxK23MXYvCDmfPSlD6_KRLdnbuaE0sANPn777M8lL9Ms8xDCrrWT9VMu8co_uD-R_MNYDVFJhb7X3M9WHiVeWKqOmHQ_t574VKi7zPEcj8wIAmyEQX3ujNIpuVI6-jyoWwSpynmCig/s320/St.+Denis.jpg" width="213" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Louis Juchereau de St. Denis</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br />Introduction:</span></b></span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span>It will not come as a surprise to those who knew <b>Howard Henry Lemoine, Jr</b>. that he is descended from some of the most courageous, contentious, creative, conflicted, charismatic, and controversial men and women in the history of North America. We are focusing this genealogy report on Henry’s North American roots, and leaving earlier generations to others. This gives greater certainty of accuracy, and is sufficient since Henry’s European ancestors have been in North America for 400 years. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Henry and I are related through his Maternal Grandparents, <b>John Seaborn Jackson and Ida Bell Adams Jackson</b>. Therefore we share 1/2 of the same ancestors. As it turns out, we are doubly related through the Frederick Family line, since Henry’s Lemoine and Jackson family lines are both descended from <b>Mathis Frederick</b>. The first section of this Blog focuses on Henry’s Paternal (<b>Lemoine </b>and<b> DeSoto</b>) Ancestors while the second focuses on his Maternal (<b>Jackson and Adams</b>) Ancestors. (<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><i>Note, the </i><b><i>Frederick, Cheletre/Schiletter, Riche, Anton, Laquesone, and Clermont</i></b><i> lines appear in Henry’s Maternal and Paternal lines</i></span>.)</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>If this sounds confusing, it can be. Henry’s Ancestors arrived early in Louisiana (coming from Canada and actually founding the oldest town in the Louisiana Purchase, Natchitoches, in 1714), and they have remained in that area for the subsequent 300 years. They are connected to most of the founding families of the area. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In my reading, and in this Blog, I have focused first on Henry’s most distinguished, best researched and clearly connected Paternal Ancestors. These are: </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>1. Louis Juchereau de St. Denis</b></span> (his family name was Juchereau and his title was St. Denis) and his wife <span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>Emanuello Sanchez de Navarro Ramone</b></span>. (Sanchez is her Paternal name and Navarro Ramone her mother’s maiden name). St. Denis came from Canada with the LeMoine brothers, Iberville and Bienville, to develop Louisiana for the French. St. Denis and Emanuello were Henry’s 6 Great grandparents. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><i>(I have just learned that</i></span><i> the popular game </i><b><i>Red Dead Redemption 2</i></b><i>, has incorporated the names Lemoine and St. Denis, adding new fame to these historic names.)</i></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i></i><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Favorite Links for St. Denis</b> —</span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/juchereau_de_saint_denis_louis_3E.html"><b>http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/juchereau_de_saint_denis_louis_3E.html</b></a></span><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> </b></span></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/juchereau_de_saint_denis_louis_3E.html"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/juchereau_de_saint_denis_louis_3E.html</b><span style="color: #074080; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.offms.org/ancestors/louis_st_denis.html"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>http://www.offms.org/ancestors/louis_st_denis.html</b><span style="color: #074080; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://countryroadsmagazine.com/art-and-culture/history/louis-juchereau-de-st-denis/"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>https://countryroadsmagazine.com/art-and-culture/history/louis-juchereau-de-st-denis/</b><span style="color: #074080; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.somosprimos.com/inclan/juchereau.htm"><b>http://www.somosprimos.com/inclan/juchereau.htm</b></a></span><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> </b></span></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Juchereau_de_St._Denis"><b>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Juchereau_de_St._Denis</b></a></span><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> </b></span></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/st-denis-louis-juchereau-de"><b>https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/st-denis-louis-juchereau-de</b></a></span><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> </b></span></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=ST003"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=ST003</b><span style="color: #074080; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>2.</b> <b>Marie des Neiges</b></span> (meaning of the Snow or Fair skinned) <span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>Juchereau de St. Denis,</b></span><b> </b>was the youngest daughter of St. Denis and Emaneullo. By common custom, three of the St. Denis daughters had Marie as a first name.so the “<i>des Neiges</i>” is an important distinction. Like her husband, Marie Des Nieges selectively used the last name that gained the most respect during conflicts between the Spanish, French, and Americans. Thus she appears in various records as Juchereau, St. Denis, Bermuda, or DeSoto (or Soto) in various records. Her husband, <span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>Manuel Antoine de Soto Bermuda</b> </span>was a soldier, trader, rancher, and adventurer, whose exploits covered most of the North American Continent. . Manuel’s name appears in many different formats as he moved between the French and Spanish frontier Empires. His father’s name was Bermuda while his Mother’s was DeSoto. He was a soldier in the Spanish, French and American armies. A Veteran of the American Revolution, Manuel fought under Washington. In the course of his life, he traveled from Spain to the Caribbean to Mexico City to the Texas and Louisiana frontier, to Mexico to Philadelphia and back to Louisiana. Marie Des Nieges and Manuel were Henry’s 5th Great grandparents (8 generations ago)</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>While she deserves much better, Marie Des Nieges is typically remembered not for her own worthwhile accomplishments, but for her associations with her father, her husband, and her best friend and slave <b>Marie-Therese des CoinCoin Metoyer.</b> In recent years, CoinCoin Montoyer has been the subject of genealogical and historical research and several works of fiction. She is the lead character in the best selling (Oprah’s choice) 2001 novel, <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>“Cane River” </i></b></span>by Lalila Tademy. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span> Maria des Nieges and Maria Theresa “CoinCoin” were constant companions for years. Maria des Nieges took on the Catholic Church and the Spanish government to defend CoinCoin. After CoinCoin left the DeSoto family to live with Metoyer, she assigned her oldest daughter the task of assisting Marie Des Nieges in raising her children, and the other orphaned grandchildren of St. Denis. One way of learning more about Marie Des Nieges is to research CoinCoin Metoyer.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #074080; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.genealogy.com/forum/surnames/topics/desoto/112/"><b>https://www.genealogy.com/forum/surnames/topics/desoto/112/</b></a></span><span style="color: #074080;"><b> </b></span>a timeline for all documents on Manuel from birth in Spain to death in Louisiana, this is very helpful, and absolutely excellent.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.canerivercolony.com/History/historical_documents.htm"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>http://www.canerivercolony.com/History/historical_documents.htm</b><span style="color: #074080; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://vidrinefamily.com/rootspersona-tree/marie-des-neiges-juchereau-de-st-denis/"><b>http://vidrinefamily.com/rootspersona-tree/marie-des-neiges-juchereau-de-st-denis/</b></a></span><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> </b></span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Metoyer"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Thérèse_Metoyer</b><span style="color: #074080; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>3. Joseph Marcel de Soto,</b></span><b> </b>son of Marie des Neiges and Manuell de Soto, (for whom DeSoto Parish is named), and his wife <span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>Marie Baillio</b></span><b>. </b>With friends and relatives, they founded the pioneer communities that became DeSoto Parish. Her brother was among the founders of Rapides Parish, and owned the Kent Plantation, and whose home is a museum in Alexandria, LA. They were Henry’s 4th great grandparents (7 generations back).</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4233129"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>https://www.jstor.org/stable/4233129</b><span style="color: #074080; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.sfasu.edu/heritagecenter/3673.asp"><b>https://www.sfasu.edu/heritagecenter/3673.asp</b></a></span><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> </b></span></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://louisiana.msghn.org/desoto/"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>https://louisiana.msghn.org/desoto/</b><span style="color: #074080; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I have danced around Henry’s <b>Lemoine </b>(<b>Le Moyne</b>) Ancestry. As a descendant of St. Denis, Henry is related by multiple marriages to the Le Moyne family of Canadian and Louisiana fame. However, the exact nature of his Lemoine connection to <b>Charles Lemoine, </b>founder of the famous Canadian pioneer family is not clear. This question is not yet resolved, as I discuss below.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>There were possibly two Lemoine soldiers/traders in the village of Natchitoches, <b>Charles</b> and <b>Francois.</b>. One problem is that Charles’ full name was <b>Charles “Carlos” Francois LeMoine</b>. Thus it is not entirely clear whether there were two men or one with two names. According to <b>Louis Raphael Nardini</b>, Howard Henry Lemoine, Jr. is a 10th generation descendant of <b>Francois LeMoyne, </b>whom he describes as a cousin of St. Denis and a nephew of Iberville. More recent genealogical research, including work by the esteemed genealogist <b>Elizabeth Shown Mills</b>, says that Henry is descended from <b>Charles LeMoine. </b>This work does not directly link the Natchitoches <b>Charles Lemoine</b> to <b>Charles Le Moyne</b> of Canada, nor to his sons Bienville and Iberville, but neither does it prove that they are not related. A resolution of this question is possible through Y-DNA testing of Sean Lemoine or his son. If Henry is definitely descended from the Canadian Le Moyne family, the documentation of this ancestry can be accomplished, because the DNA removes ambiguity. Charles, Francois, or Charles Francois would be Henry’s 4th Great Grandfather (7 generations back).</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/le_moyne_de_longueuil_et_de_chateauguay_charles_1E.html"><b>http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/le_moyne_de_longueuil_et_de_chateauguay_charles_1E.html</b></a></span><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> </b></span></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_le_Moyne_de_Longueuil_et_de_Ch%C3%A2teauguay"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_le_Moyne_de_Longueuil_et_de_Châteauguay</b><span style="color: #074080; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_le_Moyne_de_Longueuil,_Baron_de_Longueuil"><b>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_le_Moyne_de_Longueuil,_Baron_de_Longueuil</b></a></span><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> </b></span></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/le_moyne_de_longueuil_charles_1729_2E.html"><b>http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/le_moyne_de_longueuil_charles_1729_2E.html</b></a></span><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> </b></span></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_nhs_eng.aspx?id=1398"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_nhs_eng.aspx?id=1398</b><span style="color: #074080; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">RECENCY OF THE RESEARCH — Readers may be surprised that most of the Books listed herein are recent in origin, either published since 2000 or in the 1990’s. There are apparently two primary reasons for this, and they are based in the history of American Historical Scholarship. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>From the inception of the United States, through the latter portions of the 20th Century, American Historians (like the population of the United States) have had an English bias and focus. They viewed the U.S. almost entirely within the context and lens of British (English, Scots, and Irish) history. Further, they were frequently only versed in one language — English. If they read other languages, they did not read the “<i>historical</i>” forms of those languages, and seldom studied original documents in those languages. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>From the 1950’s forward, Historians have gradually widened the lens of their inquiry, discovering the diversity of American history in archives across Europe, and in investigations of the First People of the Americas. Most of the books listed herein exist because of these new investigations, which have revealed new insights into the development and interactions of French Louisiana and Spanish Texas. Fortunately, we are now seeing a surge in “<i>newly discovered</i>” histories of the “<i>Non-British</i>” conquest and settlement of the Americans. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span> Most of the history books in this list derive from this new movement toward understanding diversity in the creation of this nation. Archives both in the Americas, and in Europe have been translated. Most are now available to scholars, and several have been published, or are available in special collections at Universities or Museums, especially in Texas and Louisiana. The First People of the region have become a subject of intense study, as have the free people of color. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>As a footnote to these comments, it should be noted that from the mid-19th Century through the closing decades of the 20th Century, the people of Louisiana also had an Anglo-Saxon bias. Social status depended on denying not only African and Native American Ancestry, but also other foreign connections, including, French, Spanish, German, and Dutch. For example, in the years preceding the Civil War, Henry’s great, great grandmother, <b>Marie Aurora Frederick Polhemus </b>became <b>Mary Laura Frederick Hamous</b>; while her husband, <b>Johann Theodore Polhemus</b> became J<b>ohn Paul Hamous</b>. There was pressure for French and Spanish heritage to be <i>“lost</i>” and for Catholics to become Protestants. These forces acted to obscure many family histories. Today, my descendants and Henry’s can be pleased to acknowledge our African and Native American genes along with those from Spain, France, Norway, Holland, and Germany as well as those from England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. I’m not at all sure our parents, much less our grandparents, would have accepted our DNA genetic ethnicity findings with equanimity.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">BEHIND THE BOOKS — Natchitoches is a town that is passionate about the past. Many residents of Natchitoches are history buffs, who research, record, write, preserve and share local history. (<a href="http://www.georgewright.org/231morgan.pdf"><span style="color: #074080; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>http://www.georgewright.org/231morgan.pdf</b></span></a><span style="color: #074080;"><b> </b></span><b>Louis Raphael Nardini</b><span style="color: #074080;"><b> </b></span>is<span style="color: #074080;"> </span>representative of this group<span style="color: #074080;">. </span></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #074080;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span>Further, Northwestern State University of Louisiana is located in Natchitoches, LA, while Stephen F. Austin State University of Texas is located in Nacogdoches, TX. These two Universities serve as research centers focused on the history of the confrontation of two 18th -19th Century Empires, Spain and France. A number of graduate students have produced insightful and informative research projects relating to the history, ethnicity, and archeology of the Texas-Louisiana Frontier region in the 18th and 19th Centuries. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Finally, one individual has done more than anyone else to make Henry’s Family History (and the story of Natchitoches) widely available. The work of <b>Elizabeth Shown Mills</b>.includes both personal, local history stories and the translation and publication of critical records in the spirit of the “<i>new</i>” multi-ethnic, historical approach. The wife of a Natchitoches native and historian, Gary Mills, Elizabeth is both an historian and a master genealogist. Without her work, many of the books listed below could not have been written, or would be far less informed.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">THE BOOKS</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">The first Books in the listing focus on the Families who settled early in Natchitoches Parish — St. Denis, DeSoto, & Frederick. </span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 20px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Other Family Lines In this Group Are:</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Baillio, Chelletre, Lestage, Ritche, Racine, Treminque, Favron, Gorin, LaCaze, Cavot, Casanova, Rodriguez, Dupre, Shuppe, Langlois, Benoit, Poissot, Clermont, & Boudreaux</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTnBhmWtHNCw1O4pD_CMcM-scmH4YleyVM-C-wNbUL1XyaVmUbHi4VGx1xiVwbLmBXqVaoDnjwfxkuS8qqIV0Tja5PxqZNCFXDaMn_tJD4MbmhfSoy7RvA2ROdTdY0zCNaLTgjfkW7pwU/s300/No+Man%2527s+Land.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="188" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTnBhmWtHNCw1O4pD_CMcM-scmH4YleyVM-C-wNbUL1XyaVmUbHi4VGx1xiVwbLmBXqVaoDnjwfxkuS8qqIV0Tja5PxqZNCFXDaMn_tJD4MbmhfSoy7RvA2ROdTdY0zCNaLTgjfkW7pwU/s0/No+Man%2527s+Land.jpg" width="188" /></a></b></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br />Nardini</b>, Louis Raphael. <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>“No Man’s Land — A History of El Camino Real”.</i></b><i> </i></span>Pelican Publishing Co., New Orleans, LA. 1961. This is one of the two older books about Natchitoches, and predates most of the recent research by a number of years. Nardini was a native of Natchitoches. He wrote a column for the local paper, and was considered an authority on local history. He was also a friend of Howard Henry Lemoine, Sr. Nardini was among the first to publish records from the early history of Natchitoches, but the accuracy of some of his work has been questioned. Nardini identifies Henry Lemoine, Sr. as a direct descendant of the Le Moyne family of Canada.</span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ34hDdCqJavayAd6POlSyKl83uHJWTbJutQVrH2VOMWa8gjO4e2m8Lsp-RGzidGdnkgUshKiMzOTNrK5rEzzQrxUG2wrxxbdF1JtgsB5TjHBTZOxktBaEtcRPWOsq2kpq-9NzK9B4Bho/s499/Tales+of+Old+Natchitoches.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="499" data-original-width="330" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ34hDdCqJavayAd6POlSyKl83uHJWTbJutQVrH2VOMWa8gjO4e2m8Lsp-RGzidGdnkgUshKiMzOTNrK5rEzzQrxUG2wrxxbdF1JtgsB5TjHBTZOxktBaEtcRPWOsq2kpq-9NzK9B4Bho/s320/Tales+of+Old+Natchitoches.jpg" width="212" /></a></b></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br />Mills</b>, Elizabeth Shown. And Gary B. Mills. “<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Tales of Old Natchitoches</i></b></span>” Adams Press, Chicago. 1978 (a second edition was published in 2016). 142 pgs. As previously stated, Gary Mills is a native of Natchitoches whose family (Rachal) goes back to the earliest settlement.. Elizabeth Shown Mills, his wife, is a genealogist, who literally has written the book on genealogical evidence. The copy I have of this book bears an inscription: “<i>Happy Easter, Mrs. Murphy. 2nd Grade Class of ’78-79.</i>” It is a first edition, given to our Aunt, Cecile Jackson Murphy by her 2nd grade class shortly after its publication. It was given to me along with other volumes of Aunt Cecil’s family history library. I want to give it the the grandchild of Henry Lemoine, Jr. who shows an interest in this family history and wants to read it. It is listed as <b>Vol. 3</b> in the Cane River Creole Series.</span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghVkRIl7a5yPBfMruJ1q9WtbWS_TPOl5tGi5jJV_nzzXkvoce2sZA4v_wDkDN0kzk2dSv9hFf4-_lt69Oq-jvaqIB4CDOUpdZ32hzxd6F3QK8YAuWKA-fnBWOAaG7bsDTSXyFQ2PJ01sA/s300/Isle+of+Canes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="200" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghVkRIl7a5yPBfMruJ1q9WtbWS_TPOl5tGi5jJV_nzzXkvoce2sZA4v_wDkDN0kzk2dSv9hFf4-_lt69Oq-jvaqIB4CDOUpdZ32hzxd6F3QK8YAuWKA-fnBWOAaG7bsDTSXyFQ2PJ01sA/s0/Isle+of+Canes.jpg" width="200" /></a></b></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br />Mills</b>, Elizabeth Shown. “<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Isle of Canes: A Historical Novel</i></b></span>.” Ancestry Publishing, Provo, UT. 2004 and 2006. This is the story of 5 generations of a family of freed slaves living in the deep South in the 18th and 19th Centuries. It begins with Francois and Fanny, who were held in slavery Henry’s ancestor, St. Denis; and moves to their daughter, Coincoin, who was inherited by Marie des Neigres de St. Denis De Soto. The two women were the closest of friends and companions for much of their lifetimes. Read the Forward to understand the Author. Enjoy the novel to get a feel for the place and times.</span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQbDXTfx1PLhUfNvTZ5bWt9eXwUvhSErXRvgb3Bvg0QEHSOSoeOJYxpR7NOYo8eKEtvkXwTou2GAHntv6ixLZf0LNnnEg0LpYx5sFmsDyAcUJ6T-cZDYXj6Hqua5MFXPFJUREl1PwZwK0/s300/Forgotten+People.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="200" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQbDXTfx1PLhUfNvTZ5bWt9eXwUvhSErXRvgb3Bvg0QEHSOSoeOJYxpR7NOYo8eKEtvkXwTou2GAHntv6ixLZf0LNnnEg0LpYx5sFmsDyAcUJ6T-cZDYXj6Hqua5MFXPFJUREl1PwZwK0/s0/Forgotten+People.jpg" width="200" /></a></b></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br />Miles</b>, Gary, revised edition by Elizabeth Shown Mills. “<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>The Forgotten People: Cane River’s Creoles of Color.</i></b></span>” (Forward by Sophie Burton) Louisiana State University Press, Baton Rouge. First edition, 1977; revised edition 2013. This is the “<i>history</i>” behind the same family in the fictionalized version (<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Isle of Canes</i></b></span>). Both Forewords are worth reading. These two Mills books can easily be recognized as the inspiration for the novels of Lalila Tademy. I have not listed Tademy’s books here, but you may wish to read, if only for comparison.</span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH5DYr6xep6xfF0S1IUdTDpKh68V1B3Q1gxTvdhCWzq83AO5dIh5fn6lLv2C_bRIlYBBPgFZ0_YW8j5E1mmz2mm2qiXmEE-Orb1psM1DoIqpad5f2CJpgek4LoGsSmeBrNQLJWM9drHsY/s436/Natchitoches+Abstracts+1729-1803.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="436" data-original-width="285" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH5DYr6xep6xfF0S1IUdTDpKh68V1B3Q1gxTvdhCWzq83AO5dIh5fn6lLv2C_bRIlYBBPgFZ0_YW8j5E1mmz2mm2qiXmEE-Orb1psM1DoIqpad5f2CJpgek4LoGsSmeBrNQLJWM9drHsY/s320/Natchitoches+Abstracts+1729-1803.jpg" width="209" /></a></b></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br />Mills</b>, Elizabeth Shown. <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Natchitoches: Abstracts of the Catholic Church Registers of the French and Spanish Post of St. Jean Baptiste des Natchitoches, in Louisiana. 1729-1803)</i></b></span>. Heritage Books, Westminister Maryland. Copyright 1977, published 2007. Now we have moved from the “<i>fun reading</i>” to the heavier, research materials. This volume contains information on the lives of multiple members of your family over almost 100 years. The index is excellent, and points you to the information you want to read. It is isted as <b>Vol. 2</b> in the Cane River Creole Series.</span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9VDZcwpN3VREkyguZ0f7WGYXVGThDLuSaPR7yvbhi7hYD33qK-KtBkN8BaDFitHKMz5kHp-ZIflkKoUvyQWe4N_dlHwSxFo3LyjshCnrYtaC8Potny1icPCP4Na6mRCW-iz2xa5fCXaA/s300/Natchitoches+Mills.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="200" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9VDZcwpN3VREkyguZ0f7WGYXVGThDLuSaPR7yvbhi7hYD33qK-KtBkN8BaDFitHKMz5kHp-ZIflkKoUvyQWe4N_dlHwSxFo3LyjshCnrYtaC8Potny1icPCP4Na6mRCW-iz2xa5fCXaA/s0/Natchitoches+Mills.jpg" width="200" /></a></b></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br />Mills,</b> Elizabeth Shown. <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Natchitoches: Translated Abstracts of Register Number Five of the Catholic Parish of St. Francois des Natchitoches in Louisiana, 1800-1826. </i></b></span>Originally published by Polyanthos, Inc. 1980; it was Republished by Heritage Books, Westminster, Maryland, in 2007. It picks up where the previous Vol. on the Church Records ended. Listed as <b>Vol. 4</b> in the Cane River Creole Series.</span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8BGaKsq-aEdMav7HYeQpGA6WkrzuoyQ86m_6uLYb0PCjcT9SwJal5QBcOjxDYas4UhjySEldQ9HdnHLZ01UxppUlm1JoD1GkzStrI3MIDLtI1sqtFHy1mczNsXEIYWcXa1qihyfVs8-8/s436/Natchitoches+Church+Marriages+1818-1850.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="436" data-original-width="290" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8BGaKsq-aEdMav7HYeQpGA6WkrzuoyQ86m_6uLYb0PCjcT9SwJal5QBcOjxDYas4UhjySEldQ9HdnHLZ01UxppUlm1JoD1GkzStrI3MIDLtI1sqtFHy1mczNsXEIYWcXa1qihyfVs8-8/s320/Natchitoches+Church+Marriages+1818-1850.jpg" width="213" /></a></b></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br />Mills,</b> Elizabeth Shown. <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Natchitoches Church Marriages, 1818-1850: Translated Abstracts from the Registers of St. Francis des Natchitoches, Louisiana</i></b></span>. Originally published in 1985, it was republished in 2016. It completes the series of 3 books covering the church registers. It is isted as <b>Vol. 6</b> in the Cane River Creole Series. Like the others three, it is for research rather than reading.</span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b><br /></b></span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b><br /></b></span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b><br /></b></span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMAUD5Nf8njA9tiVQ7kLqIOaThANWWwO9uxlh78JzasszDKs1Z5hNtuhgaWA_AbfmRoddv3LOt85KeLeEnFrzTWpeNwIEna0WC64yb6PFvsN-2SjAagVEOfgvZ80N86jUFn6ny2_m9rAQ/s436/Natchitoches+Colonials.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="436" data-original-width="291" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMAUD5Nf8njA9tiVQ7kLqIOaThANWWwO9uxlh78JzasszDKs1Z5hNtuhgaWA_AbfmRoddv3LOt85KeLeEnFrzTWpeNwIEna0WC64yb6PFvsN-2SjAagVEOfgvZ80N86jUFn6ny2_m9rAQ/s320/Natchitoches+Colonials.jpg" width="214" /></a></b></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br />Mills,</b> Elizabeth Shown, and Ellie Lennon. <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Natchitoches Colonials, A Source Book: Censuses, Military Rolls, and Tax Lists. 1722-1803</i></b></span>. Tricentennial edition, published 2017. (First copyright 1961) Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, Maryland. An invaluable source of information on the lives of your ancestors. It has a great index. It is listed as <b>Vol. 5</b> in the Cane River Creole Series. </span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuk2GnHQN7OKzw9y13EfXRbznc4G_oE7byI9r42yKyhnFtYQzjCAJ5ILjLU2WVElHe701cCrtFzlSYk3XVjlgJxND7MMHcoEoWXlj-OClN4VjdqbSGXikWgIsZhYG3k9qJqd5umKGtnjQ/s499/Wilderness+Cavalier.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="499" data-original-width="324" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuk2GnHQN7OKzw9y13EfXRbznc4G_oE7byI9r42yKyhnFtYQzjCAJ5ILjLU2WVElHe701cCrtFzlSYk3XVjlgJxND7MMHcoEoWXlj-OClN4VjdqbSGXikWgIsZhYG3k9qJqd5umKGtnjQ/s320/Wilderness+Cavalier.jpg" width="208" /></a></b></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br />Phares,</b> Ross. “<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Cavalier in the Wilderness: The story of the explorer and trader Louis Juchereau de St. Denis.” </i></b></span>Pelican Publishing Company, 1998. 276 pgs. This is a great read. It is highly recommended for serious young adults and adults. Phares specialized in “popular” Historical books, mostly set in Texas. For a descendant of St. Denis, this biography is a must read. </span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaHbXSFS2nqS0uLp7guldCW_kINkDIEukE82FHKbB7DzNBhLUgh4TyRyrKWrL1vrdjPhPhNIA386u_awQlVYksHEs7T8LL1u6TB9s9ExRGGWSWnJdzzFqdfk8loUvJtXQ8hKoK67PozZo/s474/Lost+Legacy.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="474" data-original-width="308" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaHbXSFS2nqS0uLp7guldCW_kINkDIEukE82FHKbB7DzNBhLUgh4TyRyrKWrL1vrdjPhPhNIA386u_awQlVYksHEs7T8LL1u6TB9s9ExRGGWSWnJdzzFqdfk8loUvJtXQ8hKoK67PozZo/s320/Lost+Legacy.jpg" width="208" /></a></b></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br />Chrysler</b>, Liz <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>“Lost Legacy: Weaving an American Tapestry of Conflicting Cultures” </i></b></span> The publisher is named Publish America, and located in Baltimore. 2003. 108 pgs. The author is a descendant of Marie Des Nieges and Manuel DeSoto through their son Marcel. She has also published several Journal articles on the family. In the book, she covers three generations of the family, with a focus on Marie Des Nieges de St. Denis. It has valuable information on her husband and their son Marcel DeSoto. It is easy reading and entirely appropriate for older children and young adults. Focuses directly on Henry’s direct ancestors.</span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoVnO3QuCe4Yh4O8NxkdRm89YkwEbRoFo9ilWgIKi3lSW6fp3tCxTltoN9dqIwrC2JvrK_4qtdoBrCl2yawKd6TpeAzHmkJkwq_k5ZeCS33AyMYaYpXxI_g8VR9CqGKmJ29TpgWYZOk9Q/s300/Colonial+Natchitochesjpg.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="182" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoVnO3QuCe4Yh4O8NxkdRm89YkwEbRoFo9ilWgIKi3lSW6fp3tCxTltoN9dqIwrC2JvrK_4qtdoBrCl2yawKd6TpeAzHmkJkwq_k5ZeCS33AyMYaYpXxI_g8VR9CqGKmJ29TpgWYZOk9Q/s0/Colonial+Natchitochesjpg.jpg" width="182" /></a></b></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br />Burton,</b> H. Sophie and F. Todd Smith. <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Colonial Natchitoches: A Creole Community on the Louisiana-Texas Frontier. </i></b></span> Texas A&M University Press, College Station, TX 2008 (reprinted 2014). Number 29 in the Elma Dill Russell Spencer Series on the West and Southwest. This is a serious, and well-written history, based in the data that has been unearthed regarding the Texas-Louisiana Frontier. It is great reading, and based in statistical data (an interesting approach for an historical work). Burton wrote the forward for the second edition of the Mills book, <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>The Forgotten People,</i></b></span>” and her knowledge of the Natchitoches archives is evident in this volume. I really enjoyed reading it, even when I didn’t agree with conclusions. I can only hope that Burton continues to research and write about this area and its people.</span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeEkgg_VFAfY6XNTacab_khzO8baZrcbb8tR7osSSvN4GGUkRAVyDAN0fLxJZFUXjGP0Q3Nra-NwEQgVIyDsrSHWSzY_2445BWTkQN7p1CGn5_oznGjYHG8N3BOoEbiegBu6-repY1zng/s293/Spanish+Texas.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="293" data-original-width="196" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeEkgg_VFAfY6XNTacab_khzO8baZrcbb8tR7osSSvN4GGUkRAVyDAN0fLxJZFUXjGP0Q3Nra-NwEQgVIyDsrSHWSzY_2445BWTkQN7p1CGn5_oznGjYHG8N3BOoEbiegBu6-repY1zng/s0/Spanish+Texas.jpg" width="196" /></a></b></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b><br />Chipman</b></span>, Donald and Harriet Denise Joseph. <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Spanish Texas 1519-1821</i></b></span>. University of Texas Press. 1st Edition 1992; 2nd Edition (revised) 2010. #14 in the Clifton and Shirley Caldwell Texas Heritage Series. Chipman is a noted scholar, and has written a fascinating account. Highly recommended reading. In a way, this book looks at the French-Spanish frontier from the opposite (Spanish) side.</span><p></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://findingaids.library.unt.edu/?p=creators/creator&id=402"><b>https://findingaids.library.unt.edu/?p=creators/creator&id=402</b></a></span><span style="color: black; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWhh6UwUw3UHYYLxbNjrnhlxePC1twz34DTxc7bUV-er7hUQb43rGSV3IhweIMvZLHWuQktHLr9n2j4ZjuVruKrPkqSaKsb-LIftiNH0SvLY4u4nDxviYLtrchFKGc18JTg5oSBh0kr9E/s300/Red+River_.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="232" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWhh6UwUw3UHYYLxbNjrnhlxePC1twz34DTxc7bUV-er7hUQb43rGSV3IhweIMvZLHWuQktHLr9n2j4ZjuVruKrPkqSaKsb-LIftiNH0SvLY4u4nDxviYLtrchFKGc18JTg5oSBh0kr9E/s0/Red+River_.jpg" width="232" /></a></b></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br />Britton</b><span style="color: #074080;">,</span> Morris. Ed. By Skipper Steely. <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>The Great Bend of the Red River of Texas: Indian, French Spanish Vol. 1, 1542-1816</i></b></span>.. Wright Press (available for download) 2019. Geography is a critical factor in family history, and this volume directs its attention to the most critical element of that geography in frontier Louisiana. I am just now reading this book, and can only report that the illustrations are very helpful.</span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPUWMN5KqWUWDnhCpkrLXkbrmNJB6W6794MNPHMAaO8JGip33huSebimENWyvMzIn2iqdj9wACwn9BWYwQxG0tJaEDvPm8L1hRrHuTxh7e0vXF27yMxx9kinH3tZlH-5wDX_Sfk22L_cc/s436/Louisiana+the+first+300+years.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="436" data-original-width="292" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPUWMN5KqWUWDnhCpkrLXkbrmNJB6W6794MNPHMAaO8JGip33huSebimENWyvMzIn2iqdj9wACwn9BWYwQxG0tJaEDvPm8L1hRrHuTxh7e0vXF27yMxx9kinH3tZlH-5wDX_Sfk22L_cc/s320/Louisiana+the+first+300+years.jpg" width="214" /></a></b></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b><br />Garvey,</b></span> Joan B. <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Louisiana: the First 300 Years.</i></b></span> And Mary Lou Widmer. Armer Press, Inc. New Orleans, LA. This is written as a text book for a college course. It came highly recommended, and I confess I was disappointed. I’ll read it again later, and revise this if I change my mind. It did not seem to represent new scholarship in its presentation of the Louisiana-Texas frontier.</span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b><br /></b></span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b><br /></b></span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b><br /></b></span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDbyb7aPfiLy82MOczThcFIUzFPoBD5HGeGEDLtG5FjiM6ZAt4pG65Qyg0BiE4p7LCH5P-NC82cCYQ-EJ9A9-MMBSdBLY4pnjCPKuCUa4sa78eb1CKrCeBafelc0VCEr1CLUDjbKRO5mY/s436/German+Coast+of+Louisiana.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="436" data-original-width="274" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDbyb7aPfiLy82MOczThcFIUzFPoBD5HGeGEDLtG5FjiM6ZAt4pG65Qyg0BiE4p7LCH5P-NC82cCYQ-EJ9A9-MMBSdBLY4pnjCPKuCUa4sa78eb1CKrCeBafelc0VCEr1CLUDjbKRO5mY/s320/German+Coast+of+Louisiana.jpg" width="201" /></a></b></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b><br />Deiler,</b></span> Hanno. <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>The Settlement of the German Coast of Louisiana and The Creoles of German Descent.</i></b></span> With a new Preface, Chronology and Index by Jack Belsom. Originally published in 1909 by Americana Germanica Press, Philadelphia. Reprinted with added material by Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore MA, 1969. Reprinted in 1992, 1998, 2004, and 2015. This compilation on the German Catholic settlers of the Mississippi border lands above New Orleans, provides information on our Ancestor <b>Mathias Frederick</b> and his wife <b>Anne Klein, </b>and on their children and the hardships of their immigration to Louisiana in 1718.</span><div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj34wlOlpGerYO2z9BMD6pCqGPDMta_HxI1hoN-i87OARUw5F4_L7XE8eV3SV_UPL8UF7Ws0sa5en6mis2KjrDHVrRwgxC0Ov8glfP7H8u_rURkiQYifvNF5dG70pxYYqScH8tlEwe8OPg/s499/The+German+Coast+During+the+Colonial+Era.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="499" data-original-width="362" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj34wlOlpGerYO2z9BMD6pCqGPDMta_HxI1hoN-i87OARUw5F4_L7XE8eV3SV_UPL8UF7Ws0sa5en6mis2KjrDHVrRwgxC0Ov8glfP7H8u_rURkiQYifvNF5dG70pxYYqScH8tlEwe8OPg/s320/The+German+Coast+During+the+Colonial+Era.jpg" width="232" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: large;">Blume, Helmut. <b><i><u>The German Coast During the Colonial Era 1722-1803</u></i></b> -- I read this many years ago, but seem to have lost my copy. I have ordered to reread.<br /></span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQcEsIvaDmK2OwJ3-CfwyiAfo4_IVC4BJb1D8Fr7KzO0uVOG6y_PL2s_uTjAY2MYs2t60Xfm-LGIS-szu1ixnnNpFJ9Haw2jBr5SGrOz-Om7oeEo0LUr37rLaa6nA2zaa1B0W8t4fnkuM/s436/History+of+St.+Charles+Parish.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="436" data-original-width="293" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQcEsIvaDmK2OwJ3-CfwyiAfo4_IVC4BJb1D8Fr7KzO0uVOG6y_PL2s_uTjAY2MYs2t60Xfm-LGIS-szu1ixnnNpFJ9Haw2jBr5SGrOz-Om7oeEo0LUr37rLaa6nA2zaa1B0W8t4fnkuM/w215-h320/History+of+St.+Charles+Parish.jpg" width="215" /></a></div><span style="font-size: x-large;">Yoes, Henry E., III. <b><i><u>Louisiana's German Coast: A History of St. Charles Parish</u></i></b> -- I haven't read it yet.</span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEQiEzL9xy86es1tDPSmbGjFM0M5szHrecmRAj18MrM-r_cBoidLCtvWCeneNpsrTr0C7nCKWierMD1_qrY11cSnHtu4-QHHFIhxaKyD2gghRDk0oCaDPfnfdKSHeDe94uHzvxzMTV-Cs/s500/Germans+of+louisiana.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="338" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEQiEzL9xy86es1tDPSmbGjFM0M5szHrecmRAj18MrM-r_cBoidLCtvWCeneNpsrTr0C7nCKWierMD1_qrY11cSnHtu4-QHHFIhxaKyD2gghRDk0oCaDPfnfdKSHeDe94uHzvxzMTV-Cs/s320/Germans+of+louisiana.jpg" width="216" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: large;">Merrill, Ellen C. <b><i><u>Germans of Louisiana</u></i></b> -- I am really looking forward to reading this book.</span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfvrFHORtSAGOZWv7fHDjZ7aO7parU4aAyOELo0sjPPa0JORSX8D8PJICMphWfilQvp1bwZoBu1pkfsZqOWJuFqxRDVzOYqy8Cvlxf4yeMo1NyQtKsDlrYIE-di70TWt0KIan0PqjUvEI/s499/The+German+People+of+New+Orleans.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="499" data-original-width="340" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfvrFHORtSAGOZWv7fHDjZ7aO7parU4aAyOELo0sjPPa0JORSX8D8PJICMphWfilQvp1bwZoBu1pkfsZqOWJuFqxRDVzOYqy8Cvlxf4yeMo1NyQtKsDlrYIE-di70TWt0KIan0PqjUvEI/s320/The+German+People+of+New+Orleans.jpg" width="218" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: large;">Nau, John F. <b><i><u>The German People of New Orleans</u></i></b> -- I am reading this one now.</span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfzQPCp7dOcm4tldADK5kQxLP_X6pVDH60KH3hQgiaMVBKPDXnyMyQIccQV8A3DYD8-TKnmPyPOhlBv4ZbHQWLnwePuzW3WQsSiKeoyGIO5qGRDwXvD_8DjsjdZFGrua3wUNllkCrph1M/s189/German+Coast+Families+Albert+R.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="189" data-original-width="140" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfzQPCp7dOcm4tldADK5kQxLP_X6pVDH60KH3hQgiaMVBKPDXnyMyQIccQV8A3DYD8-TKnmPyPOhlBv4ZbHQWLnwePuzW3WQsSiKeoyGIO5qGRDwXvD_8DjsjdZFGrua3wUNllkCrph1M/w237-h320/German+Coast+Families+Albert+R.jpg" width="237" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: large;">Robichaux, Albert. <b style="font-style: italic; text-decoration: underline;">German Coast Families </b>-- This is the most recent research by descendant and active member of the German Coast Genealogical Society.</span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgez8zr01QoU8PJ_vPXg3d_kIFlMRuUsUE50Bw5S1cJNR8NmQcESWSv72DeH3ALgLVYmOQyfl5PtfTFk9HHzcxVwl_1rKJ4iwuySH5lHwZA9ZnvQo__OSxU6I65wlSc5J7whJPjk2wweeI/s499/Louisiana+the+Pelican+State.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="499" data-original-width="375" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgez8zr01QoU8PJ_vPXg3d_kIFlMRuUsUE50Bw5S1cJNR8NmQcESWSv72DeH3ALgLVYmOQyfl5PtfTFk9HHzcxVwl_1rKJ4iwuySH5lHwZA9ZnvQo__OSxU6I65wlSc5J7whJPjk2wweeI/s320/Louisiana+the+Pelican+State.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Davis, Edwin Adams. <b style="font-style: italic; text-decoration: underline;">Louisiana, The Pelican State.</b> -- I just found a copy of this older publication and am looking forward to reading it.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHW7YoFb4vLirWitdwhHPIJisIp4rg4PdpQYdaO52sDcCfHoXg5wpOKH6MTosFunYKX_oEN0ER5jiJUfi6tRFKRNMhuo3Pu3H1XpFnBcX4Tg4ipIFdn1_Yau41RNyEHbU9jip7RGlIbug/s300/The+White+and+the+Gold.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="243" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHW7YoFb4vLirWitdwhHPIJisIp4rg4PdpQYdaO52sDcCfHoXg5wpOKH6MTosFunYKX_oEN0ER5jiJUfi6tRFKRNMhuo3Pu3H1XpFnBcX4Tg4ipIFdn1_Yau41RNyEHbU9jip7RGlIbug/s0/The+White+and+the+Gold.jpg" width="243" /></a></b></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br />Costain,</b> Thomas B. <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>The White and the Gold: The French Regime in Canada.</i></b></span> The Publisher is named Reading Essentials. It was first published in 1954. A six volume History of Canada was envisioned in the early 50’s, and Costain, a famous writer of popular history and historical novels, was invited to write the first volume on the French role in Canadian history. I first read it over 40 years ago, and still love it. Costain greatly admired the LeMoyne family, and tells the family story within the context of larger events. I really hope to solve the mystery of Henry’s connections to Charles LeMoyne.</span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">These Last Books focus on Henry’s Jackson Ancestors</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">These are only a sampling, and others will be added.</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Families Include: Adams, Cox, Pugh, Polhemus, Hallett, Raphael, Cornell, </span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOzWiJVl0dupmBfHE4WSe6n_ZVwZzwOVIlpLUmQuSHXPkDCftNHlL6YD2IgZV7XbfadX8Yo0WVJYWp13CKA2iz1T45B2TYrA7G1-5X7vdrZQx4M5K2hJu5El0L3edL_jQIR0CwBCs1W98/s499/Insubordinate+Spirit.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="499" data-original-width="333" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOzWiJVl0dupmBfHE4WSe6n_ZVwZzwOVIlpLUmQuSHXPkDCftNHlL6YD2IgZV7XbfadX8Yo0WVJYWp13CKA2iz1T45B2TYrA7G1-5X7vdrZQx4M5K2hJu5El0L3edL_jQIR0CwBCs1W98/w134-h200/Insubordinate+Spirit.jpg" width="134" /></a></b></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br />Wolf, </b><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Missy. </span><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Insubordinate Spirit: A True Story of Life and Loss in Earliest America.</i></b></span><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">, 2012.</span><b> </b><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">This is the story</span> of Henry’s 8 great grandmother, Elizabeth Fones Winthrop Feake Hallett, who was called the most notorious woman in the British Colonies. This version of her life is less sensationalized and more factual.</span><p></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPxjZPdtt0KyZOTuVwoGoO1wujXkkJDysomHxettjU85fN6GJ4Kci_VlfTRFgIJXYzXbY5cqFGSH2CAJSMF-gchgUMXlMwgT754mfXjyw4m3noPgMR3xwd8Xudsr_7KXRlcsapdxsjbzE/s187/The+Winthrop+Woman.jpeg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="187" data-original-width="125" height="187" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPxjZPdtt0KyZOTuVwoGoO1wujXkkJDysomHxettjU85fN6GJ4Kci_VlfTRFgIJXYzXbY5cqFGSH2CAJSMF-gchgUMXlMwgT754mfXjyw4m3noPgMR3xwd8Xudsr_7KXRlcsapdxsjbzE/s0/The+Winthrop+Woman.jpeg" width="125" /></a></b></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b><br />Seton</b></span><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">, </span>Anya. <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>The Winthrop Woman</i></b></span><b>.</b> Current publisher Chicago Review Press 2006 edition. A made for T.V. movie was based on this 1958 best selling historical novel about Henry’s 8 great grandmother Elizabeth Fones Winthrop Feake Hallett. It is a fun read even if the facts are a bit loose.</span><p></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTx45O_XlFRty6JxEpX6iCvIlHHy3wYkcv-ZJYCAf1Xs9mr6yDiIpT4oiha9jbArtVrWD6vMxIYWKKCJbuLniqNZBUZd7pNULnO8ll4kQacgYEE37gTGSK539h9uM6iRDeVWg-iddWbec/s499/Killed+strangely.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="499" data-original-width="333" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTx45O_XlFRty6JxEpX6iCvIlHHy3wYkcv-ZJYCAf1Xs9mr6yDiIpT4oiha9jbArtVrWD6vMxIYWKKCJbuLniqNZBUZd7pNULnO8ll4kQacgYEE37gTGSK539h9uM6iRDeVWg-iddWbec/w134-h200/Killed+strangely.jpg" width="134" /></a></b></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b><br />Crane, </b></span>Elaine Forman. <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Killed Strangely: The Death of Rebecca Cornell.</i></b><i> </i></span>Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY. Copyright 2002. This Edition 2014. Henry’s 9 great grandmother, Rebecca Briggs Cornell, was brutally murdered in her home in Portsmouth, Newport, R.I. on the 8th of Feb. 1673. Her son Thomas was eventually convicted and executed for the crime, on the basis of the testimony of a ghost. Any lawyer will love this story. (Oh, yes, it should also be noted that Rebecca was the 2 great grandmother of Lizzie Borden.). Cornell University is named for this family, who gave the land for the University. You can take a ghost tour to see Rebecca or read her “ghost: story in <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Ghosts of Newport</i></b></span> . </span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i></i></b></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYaN9fcx6BpHdb8dJENDoM8-XQodg6ODBOi_kaXBQArDw6VUrWKkKvmhC2dw7o74lWthxaCVoWg-3wjxnl3TtjL60hm9xyYGZ_e-rLS5qWdjxJ19BMLbofFq2ObZOiPGz5R31_TX8wYfk/s293/Encyclopeial.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="293" data-original-width="206" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYaN9fcx6BpHdb8dJENDoM8-XQodg6ODBOi_kaXBQArDw6VUrWKkKvmhC2dw7o74lWthxaCVoWg-3wjxnl3TtjL60hm9xyYGZ_e-rLS5qWdjxJ19BMLbofFq2ObZOiPGz5R31_TX8wYfk/s0/Encyclopeial.jpg" width="206" /></a></i></b></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i><br />The Encyclopedia of Slave Resistance and Rebellion, Vol. 1 </i></b></span>2007. Edited by Junius P. Rodriguez. This entry in the Encyclopedia chronicles the murder of Henry’s 6 great Uncle, William Hallett, III, and the subsequent trial and brutal execution of the two slaves, convicted of the murders.</span><p></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.executedtoday.com/2013/02/02/1708-indian-sam-william-hallet-slavery-new-york/"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>http://www.executedtoday.com/2013/02/02/1708-indian-sam-william-hallet-slavery-new-york/</b><span style="color: #074080; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></a></span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJswBij6TKXWEMqj-vc6E3qMVQizT3uqK1KQbTARJevZKssILYlYMHE9_U17bWspzsvIgEk9rqVdhCgIycjW537RWcOa03dvrRAis04JHD9sHnySj0YAUUT_iRIBuYakmGS7MM1r67I7U/s499/island.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="499" data-original-width="318" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJswBij6TKXWEMqj-vc6E3qMVQizT3uqK1KQbTARJevZKssILYlYMHE9_U17bWspzsvIgEk9rqVdhCgIycjW537RWcOa03dvrRAis04JHD9sHnySj0YAUUT_iRIBuYakmGS7MM1r67I7U/s320/island.jpg" width="204" /></a></b></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b><br />Shorto, </b></span>Russell. <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Island at the Center of the World</i></b></span>. Copyright 2004 Doubleday, Random House, New York. This incredible book is based in over 30 years of dedicated research in which Shorto translated the Dutch Records of New Amsterdam (from 17th century Dutch writings). Henry’s 9 great grandparents, Joris Jansen Rappalje and Catalyntje Trico arrived with the first Dutch settlers in 1623, and were the parents of the first European girl (Sara Joris Rapelje Bogert) born in N.Y. Shorto really likes Catalyntje, and tells the family’s story in depth. You can also read about Henry’s 8 great grandfather the Rev. Johannes (John) Theodorus (Theo) Polhemus, who was kidnapped by pirates and delivered to New Amsterdam in 1662.</span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8X3jOWgXi8LP0AeYWwmn1A1hORtF7bIPhVHcvlNUHTKAT2ms2xEOrm1psaRGJbdbJI8tWqWjZWB8eXWDjmZV7LcT_5gGSWXCXuDC51bflryuEvveMQIg8tr-AN89kCPdXUKzJiEMRjC8/s436/The+Colony+of+New+Netherland.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="436" data-original-width="291" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8X3jOWgXi8LP0AeYWwmn1A1hORtF7bIPhVHcvlNUHTKAT2ms2xEOrm1psaRGJbdbJI8tWqWjZWB8eXWDjmZV7LcT_5gGSWXCXuDC51bflryuEvveMQIg8tr-AN89kCPdXUKzJiEMRjC8/s320/The+Colony+of+New+Netherland.jpg" width="214" /></a></b></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b><br />Jacobs,</b></span> Jaap. <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>The Colony of New Netherland: A Dutch Settlement in Seventeenth-Century America</i></b></span>.Cornell University Press, Ithaca, N.Y. 2009. Another look at New Amsterdam and its development, and it’s colonists.</span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv3pSjgrZLWO0KxRNTR1m2zpKWXJHRoXIxC3Zu6jo1Ox0SKu3_CHkO2BCchkZoZkMhjQ4r1lwab1skyUgzwkXtxZK00vfxh28I-kSIUe8C_QEoN9wqQHRcxeBkaplkmrqja99rzR4MXqI/s499/Breaking.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="499" data-original-width="333" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv3pSjgrZLWO0KxRNTR1m2zpKWXJHRoXIxC3Zu6jo1Ox0SKu3_CHkO2BCchkZoZkMhjQ4r1lwab1skyUgzwkXtxZK00vfxh28I-kSIUe8C_QEoN9wqQHRcxeBkaplkmrqja99rzR4MXqI/s320/Breaking.jpg" width="214" /></a></b></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br />Kars, </b>Marjoleine. <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Breaking Loose Together: The Regulator Rebellion in Pre-Revolutionary North Carolina</i></b></span>. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill and London. 2002. Although they were “peaceful” Quakers, Henry’s Cox, Pugh, and Jackson ancestors were up to their necks (literally) in this “<i>first battle of the American Revolution.</i>” Quite simply, the settlers of the interior portions of North Carolina became angry over the “<i>land grab</i>” and taxation schemes which benefited the wealthy settlers of coastal North Carolina. As a result of their rebellious actions, our ancestors were forced to leave North Carolina to create the Quaker township of Wrightsboro in the Colony of Georgia.</span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinJ2_KFeXCvG0rersFOurLZdnr9uNJHMZRMW7grNNTO_eADjdrMfiOyBB9yt7ROL6yU_ITlB8K4WJCsyN203yVuOEWIFxjHkyEARR6rWKN3ydUsIarxnTC_aK4LhXWjxXOCdbhz4x6OhY/s350/The+Hornet%2527s+Nest.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="350" data-original-width="237" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinJ2_KFeXCvG0rersFOurLZdnr9uNJHMZRMW7grNNTO_eADjdrMfiOyBB9yt7ROL6yU_ITlB8K4WJCsyN203yVuOEWIFxjHkyEARR6rWKN3ydUsIarxnTC_aK4LhXWjxXOCdbhz4x6OhY/s320/The+Hornet%2527s+Nest.jpg" width="217" /></a></b></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br />Carter</b>, Jimmy. <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>The Hornet’s Nest</i></b></span> . Simon and Schuster. 2004 In this historical novel, President Carter tells the story of one Quaker family in Georgia during the American Revolution. The basis for the story are the experiences of the Quaker settlers of Wrightsboro, GA. Henry’s 4 Great Grandfather Elijah Stewart Pugh and his 5 Great Grandfather Richard Cox were among his Quaker ancestors who lived through the era described by Carter. Elijah fought for the Americans, left the Quaker religion and moved to Clarke County, Alabama. Richard held fast to his Quaker beliefs, and moved to Prairieton, Vigo, Indiana. However, Richard’s oldest son, Thomas (Henry’s 4 Great grandfather) left the Quakers and moved with the Pugh’s to Clarke County, Alabama. Through the novel you experience the times and events that molded your ancestors.</span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2MOkY7jjO2A1qU-J73x2iMLjuBN-l8XQHW_dZ6bVyPED46wP1lNfN3E_iSxSSLHE-sw9I0BlS1mGCfzDB22y5inHOVwboU7oAdWQHxrMGTQilrbBUG4IwfbnQayB37UuqoEOQ8PjS8NM/s475/The+Patriot.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="475" data-original-width="296" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2MOkY7jjO2A1qU-J73x2iMLjuBN-l8XQHW_dZ6bVyPED46wP1lNfN3E_iSxSSLHE-sw9I0BlS1mGCfzDB22y5inHOVwboU7oAdWQHxrMGTQilrbBUG4IwfbnQayB37UuqoEOQ8PjS8NM/s320/The+Patriot.jpg" width="199" /></a></b></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br />Molstad</b>, Stephen. <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>The Patriot.</i></b></span> The novel, which is the basis for the book by the same name, is reported to be loosely based on the exploits of “<i>Killing Stephen</i>” Jackson, Henry’s 4 Great Grand Uncle, Stephen Jackson (brother of his 4 Great Grandfather, Edward Jackson). The Jackson brothers fought in the battles enacted in the movie, and, with their families, endured the tribulations described in the book.</span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Six Books on Hoods Texas Brigade in the American War.</b> Henry’s 2 Great Grandfather, Levi Annison Adams, fought in Hoods Brigade in the American Civil War. These six books recount the activities of that elite military unit. The story of Levi’s military career, and a listing of the books can be found in the following Blog.</span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2017/01/levi-annison-adams-and-nancy-ann-hobbs.html</span></b></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span><br /></span></p><p style="color: #074080; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p></div>Frances Jackson Freeman, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/14443125000303869964noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5854257755568701611.post-14662956938156812332021-08-19T13:34:00.001-07:002021-08-19T13:38:30.571-07:00A VISUAL IMAGE HISTORY OF THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF LOGANSPORT<p><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht0gNJmkSH2K7QLmS8n6-_krzinAEIWwesqte2H2LTEPcIa91tmhx-8xlhIFMnU-BJDALiPZT5JOrSk2xKRN9q6D6L_nwmDrJNoAabG96QQLc3Icdu2CDEY0B1VFM3whaicEDnYfIewI4/s1600/FBC.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="772" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht0gNJmkSH2K7QLmS8n6-_krzinAEIWwesqte2H2LTEPcIa91tmhx-8xlhIFMnU-BJDALiPZT5JOrSk2xKRN9q6D6L_nwmDrJNoAabG96QQLc3Icdu2CDEY0B1VFM3whaicEDnYfIewI4/s320/FBC.jpg" width="154" /></a></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span><br /> </span>The video in this Blog was produced by a long-time member of the First Baptist Church of Logansport, Louisiana, from photographs, slides, and newspaper articles he lovingly collected to preserve the story of his church. I take no credit for the content of the video.</span><p></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><span> Many of the materials seen in this video can also be found as still photos on the following website:</span><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://logansportourtown.blogspot.com/2014/06/the-history-of-first-baptist-church-of_27.html ">http://logansportourtown.blogspot.com/2014/06/the-history-of-first-baptist-church-of_27.html </a> </span></p><p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span> </span>This Blog is an experiment in trying to find the best way to reach the audience of those interested in the content AND preserve the material by sharing them widely with those who care. I am trying this approach because I know about how to use the Blog. Any suggestions or assistance is appreciated.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dyWr0KZ2cYmKORYM8OA000OLlIGHv2aS6d0EwexLSm_KxTSA8xR7v7URG35KuMA0IvU6gsdUo3Nyk14s3mKKg' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p></p><p><br /></p>Frances Jackson Freeman, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/14443125000303869964noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5854257755568701611.post-534966595710302562021-08-09T08:50:00.000-07:002021-08-09T08:50:03.483-07:00EULOGY GIVEN BY CHARLES FREEMAN AT THE FUNERAL OF HIS NUNLEY COUSIN WINSTON PHELPS<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">EULOGY GIVEN BY CHARLES FREEMAN AT THE FUNERAL OF HIS NUNLEY COUSIN:</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><u>WINSTON PHELPS</u></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><u><br /></u></span></b></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: #cccccc;"><b><u><i style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">This Eulogy is given for Winston Phelps, but it describes the Relationship between two Nunley Sisters and their Children. In an even larger context, it describes the special </i><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><i>facial</i></span><i style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> relationship between all the NUNLEY CHILDREN and their Families over the years and the generations. Blessed are the Families that are raised in this type of Family Heritage.</i></u></b></span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Winston’s last name is Phelps and mine is Freeman, but we were raised by Nunley sisters, Nunley values. FAITH and FAMILY were the most important of the PRINCIPLES they taught. If Winston had passed away ten, or 15 or 20 years ago, this place would be filled with our cousins and their families. We would have at least 4 preachers from 3 different denominations; and singing like few have ever heard. But of our more than 3 dozen cousins, only six are left. Winston’s passing leaves my brother Dale the oldest; and as he has been for over 70 years, Dalton is our youngest. </span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>As one song says, “<i>We were raised on country music</i>,” and ever since word came of Winston’s passing I have been hearing these words of a 1980’s country song:</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><i>If life is like a candle bright, death must be the wind.</i></span></b></p><p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><i>You can close your window tight, and it still comes flowing in.</i></span></b></p><p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><i><br /></i></span></b></p><p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><i>So I will climb the highest hill and watch the rising sun;</i></span></b></p><p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><i>And I pray that I don't feel the chill till I'm too old to die young.</i></span></b></p><p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><i><br /></i></span></b></p><p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><i>Let me watch my children grow to see what they become.</i></span></b></p><p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><i>Oh Lord, don't let that cold wind blow till I'm too old to die young.</i></span></b></p><p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b>Well, the Lord answered Winston’s prayer, and let him live to see, and experience, and know what a find man he had raised in Scott. Scott and Karen have given Winston the love and care that every parent hopes for. I don’t believe that any of us, can ask God for more than that. </b></span></p><p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Our Mothers were the youngest of the 12 children born to Jesse Claiborne Nunley and his wife Laura Ann Hobbs. The oldest 7 were born in Tennessee, and the last 5 in Texas and Louisiana, after they moved west in 1900 (119 years ago). Our Ancestor Richard Nunley arrived in the Colony of Virginia before 1630. It took our family 8 generations and over two and a half centuries to move from Virginia to Texas. In contrast, Winston traveled much of the world. He lived a rich and varied and meaningful life and blessed so very many. </span></b></p><p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Winston was born on May 9, 1931 in Call, Texas and was the second of six children born to John Marshall and Minnie Nunley Phelps. He was granted his longtime wish to join his wife Darnell in Heaven on Monday, September 16, 2019 after succumbing to the effects of Alzheimer’s disease. Winn, as he was affectionately known, was preceded in death by his wife of 58 years, Darnell Anthony Phelps, his parents, two brothers Robert Phelps and Harlan Phelps, one sister Maidland Phelps Odom, and a son-in-law Louis C. (Gus) Hall, III. </span></b></p><p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"> <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Winn served his country in the Air Force and came home to marry the love of his life, Darnell in 1958. The family relocated to California where he worked for many years in the construction industry and raised their family. Winn owned and operated his own businesses and acquired properties throughout the years. He obtained his real estate license and worked in that business until returning to Louisiana in the early 1970’s. After earning his Broker’s license and opening his own real estate office in Mansfield, Winston continued in real estate and property ownership in Logansport, Mansfield and then Shreveport until his retirement. </span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>He was a loving husband, father, grandfather and great grandfather. He enjoyed camping, fishing, and traveling. He was a member of Summer Grove Baptist Church and he and Darnell were active Gideons for many years. Winston was a man of God and never missed an opportunity to tell others about his Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ. </span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"> Winston is survived by his daughters Shirley Phelps Claire, Jean Phelps Hall, son Scott R. Phelps and wife Karen; granddaughters Wendy McLay and husband Eddy, Jennifer Paulson, and Heather Fulco; grandsons Chad Terra, Bryan Terra and wife Tiffany, Matthew Hall and wife Sissy; Zach Phelps, Ian Phelps and wife Stephanie, and Duncan Phelps; brothers Luke Phelps, Dalton Phelps and wife Linda; and eight great grandchildren. Pallbearers will be his beloved grandsons.</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"> The family expresses great appreciation to Dad’s longtime dedicated caregivers Gloria Brown, Sharon Bowens, Irene Thomas, Shelletta Brown, Romona Walker, Amanda Byram, and Norvisha Curtis.</span></b></p><p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>My life and those of my five brothers have always intertwined with the lives of the six children of my Aunt Minnie. The Nunley sisters each had six children, and Minnie succeeded once in accomplishing what Britt Annie never did — having a daughter. It was almost as though the sisters tried to have matched pairs: Travis and Robert; Billy and Winston; JC and Maidland; Dale and Harlan; Cornell and I; and Dalton and Dennis. We were cousins, playmates, rivals in athletics, and always friends. Of the 12, only four remain.</span></b></p><p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></b></p><p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></b></p>Frances Jackson Freeman, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/14443125000303869964noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5854257755568701611.post-62565041412863623412021-06-17T11:05:00.021-07:002021-06-20T13:01:03.982-07:00PHOTO IDENTIFICAION: Heard Family of Dry Creek and Related Families<div class="separator"><br /></div><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">PHOTO IDENTIFICATION:</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">HEARD FAMILY OF DRY CREEK AND RELATED FAMILIES</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium;"><b> </b> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;">This Blog attempts to compare photos of known individuals to derive the identities of unknown individuals in two group photos. It is published primarily to </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: large;">solicit input and information from others. Every reader is invited to comment. Any readers who have additional photos of the individuals discussed are urged to share these photos and their knowledge.</span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>PHOTO OF HEARD CHILDREN</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">ABOUT 1899 -- DRY CREEK, LA</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghzbarN7p9ziHYapn_g9A1tg4Lxw5XGijKs0sh29iGsQavIN7LniyzqjH7DyUinUircn15HTKpMhGdGOh8G9XUYwwO-zLOCJByS7V6a7ePkzCkQtkscpCoNtd1gNlcE3y7sbhj8IrRjsw/s2048/PHOTO+HEARD+CHILDREN.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1636" data-original-width="2048" height="512" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghzbarN7p9ziHYapn_g9A1tg4Lxw5XGijKs0sh29iGsQavIN7LniyzqjH7DyUinUircn15HTKpMhGdGOh8G9XUYwwO-zLOCJByS7V6a7ePkzCkQtkscpCoNtd1gNlcE3y7sbhj8IrRjsw/w640-h512/PHOTO+HEARD+CHILDREN.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>This is a photo of six of the eight children of John Thomas HEARD and Sarah Adeline LINDSEY. The photo is owned by the descendants of the youngest son, Zachary Taylor HEARD (shown on the front row far right). </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">I believe that the young man on the Left is their first cousin, Joseph Lawrence LINDSEY, son of Asbury Monroe LINDSEY and Ellen BILBO. You can read the name Lawrence at the bottom of the photo below the image. We estimate that Lawrence, born in 1875, would have been 24 (+/- 2 years) at the time of this photo.</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><br /></span></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span> <span> </span></span>Asbury Monroe and Sarah Adeline were brother and sister, and Asbury and John Thomas were best friends, having served together in the Civil War. Lawrence’s mother, Ellen BILBO was the sister of Susan Cordelia Bilbo, who was the wife of John McNeese, Sr. John McNeese, an educator and lawyer, was the founder of Dry Creek Academy where the children of Dry Creek (including the Heard, Lindsey, Miller, Hanchey, Spears, and Lyles were educated). There does seem to be a strong resemblance between this Lawrence, and Asbury Monroe Lindsey (see photo near the end of the blog). The remaining 6 young people are HEARD Children.</span></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The eight HEARD children in order of birth were: </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span> <span> </span></span>William Crowder “Billy” HEARD (1867-1929) Never married <span style="background-color: white; color: #2b00fe;">(approximately 32 +/- 2 years in this photo).</span></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>James Addison HEARD (1870-1946) Clora Frances NOLEN, m 1897 <span style="color: #2b00fe;">(not shown)</span></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>George Melton HEARD (1872-1931) Lela Godell SMITH, m 1913<span style="background-color: white; color: #2b00fe;"> (not shown)</span></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Eugenia Sarah HEARD (1874-1959) Jackson Ford “Jack” LYLES, m 1907 </b></span><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #2b00fe;">(approximately 25 +/- 2 years in this photo).</span></b><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span> <span> </span></span>Emma Frances HEARD (1876-1956) - Samuel Nathan MILLER , m 1902 </b><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #2b00fe;">(approximately 23 +/- 2 years in this photo).</span></b><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span> <span> </span></span>John Holloway HEARD (1878-1976) - Alice Audra THOMPSON, m 1909 </b><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #2b00fe;">(approximately 21 +/- 2 years in this photo).</span></b><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span> <span> </span></span>Della Amanda HEARD (1881-1976) - Jeb STEWART, m 1917 </b><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #2b00fe;">(approximately 18 +/- 2 years in this photo).</span></b><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span> <span> </span></span>Zachary Taylor HEARD (1885-1942) - Eliza Irene BRIGGS, m 1912. </b><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #2b00fe;">(approximately 14 +/- 2 years in this photo).</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #2b00fe;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The young woman next to Lawrence is the youngest of the three HEARD daughters, Della Amanda. The photo below shows an older Della with her husband Jeb. They did not have children.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirF-jkKIR_YLmXo0mhW4T7nTeGRS9o5nJPZiMpabyjxDqaoMHV89xX50Gq32UVXsrw4QxTZuII_VHSLmMlYtq1T6AQsUyP_8SDUeBuoCLy2HYP2CrCHUunDO_lebMtr_lR-LHaVCd_Z_k/s960/Della+Heard+and+Jeb+Stuart.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="743" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirF-jkKIR_YLmXo0mhW4T7nTeGRS9o5nJPZiMpabyjxDqaoMHV89xX50Gq32UVXsrw4QxTZuII_VHSLmMlYtq1T6AQsUyP_8SDUeBuoCLy2HYP2CrCHUunDO_lebMtr_lR-LHaVCd_Z_k/w496-h640/Della+Heard+and+Jeb+Stuart.JPG" width="496" /></a></span></div><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> <span> </span></span>Seated next to Della is the eldest of the HEARD children, William Crowder “Billy” HEARD. Billy would have been about 31 when this photo was made. Without the label on the photo, we would be unsure whether this was Billy or James Addison because the photo strongly resembles James Addison in his later years. However, it does not look like the photo we have of James Addison as a young man.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: right;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEit0rvJhvAh4mActwhMzMQKky3GOGBDKJyWkyiOpgMpZyWiS1gNCK0wrHdgmVapB7qmG97sdiT868gz-qooZL0-9XU9BgQzqRS1byiKuR9M9cDQJiZFisP0HKkK4Y1rOWp2s0MihMfYIOw/s476/James+Addison+Heard+last+photo.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="476" data-original-width="369" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEit0rvJhvAh4mActwhMzMQKky3GOGBDKJyWkyiOpgMpZyWiS1gNCK0wrHdgmVapB7qmG97sdiT868gz-qooZL0-9XU9BgQzqRS1byiKuR9M9cDQJiZFisP0HKkK4Y1rOWp2s0MihMfYIOw/s320/James+Addison+Heard+last+photo.jpg" /></a></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp8ng-YE5o0HVu2bKKFf5rGD2hjRbJFnUQu8qLWmsxXm1rR6q1dJMxKpWsR6LZ8WeqVOg2lkvACDDQGH0tou9huj-rv5NAFe88fwQQoZk518sG1MXz-7O015JQ4muzLN-2nAd4ocVDaE8/s500/James+Addison+Heard+as+a+young+manJPG.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="358" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp8ng-YE5o0HVu2bKKFf5rGD2hjRbJFnUQu8qLWmsxXm1rR6q1dJMxKpWsR6LZ8WeqVOg2lkvACDDQGH0tou9huj-rv5NAFe88fwQQoZk518sG1MXz-7O015JQ4muzLN-2nAd4ocVDaE8/w286-h400/James+Addison+Heard+as+a+young+manJPG.JPG" width="286" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">As stated above, the young man at the far right of the photo is Zachary Taylor HEARD, the youngest of the HEARD children. Based on Zachary’s age, we therefore estimate that this photo was taken between </span><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">1897</b><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> (when Zachary would have been 12) and </span><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">1901</b><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> (when he would have been 16). Because James Addison was married in 1897 (and he is not in the photo) and Emma Frances was married in 1902 (and is in the photo) our best guess places the date of this photo on the turn of the Century </span><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">1899. </b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b>The three HEARD children on the back row are not labeled in the photo. We believe that the son (in the middle of the back row) is John Holloway “Johnny” HEARD, based on photos of "Uncle Johnny" taken in his later years (see photo below). I do not have photos of the other brother George Melton HEARD for similar comparison. However, George Melton HEARD would have been 27 (25-29) when this photo was made and John Holloway would have been 21 (19-23). The young man in the photo looks closer to 21 than 27.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAtdNLhLcHg_u6yC7Hzj70kVqgH4poh9iSDeXCIjt2yuomHLV1ezVjV7lI1reWAK8bnShCkx3ojZKjIN3T55k2FxbpRYW7tDiilLlnhtl0IHrqAFtnQOWEQWGgF7IoGW-pYmZvZR00AEI/s222/Johnny+HEARD.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="181" data-original-width="222" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAtdNLhLcHg_u6yC7Hzj70kVqgH4poh9iSDeXCIjt2yuomHLV1ezVjV7lI1reWAK8bnShCkx3ojZKjIN3T55k2FxbpRYW7tDiilLlnhtl0IHrqAFtnQOWEQWGgF7IoGW-pYmZvZR00AEI/s0/Johnny+HEARD.jpg" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The two young women on the back row are certainly Eugenia Sarah HEARD LYLES and Emma Frances HEARD MILLER, but I do not have photos for either. I am hoping that their descendants will assist us in correctly identifying their images.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>THE SECOND "MYSTERY" PHOTO</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>ABOUT 1897-1899 -- DRY CREEK LOUISIANA</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzGwpknEsmJfva2E-pvm08V_bZuk-9wuBriMIWzL14aw9UauoOZZ5-3H7DAvouY8LjiL3JhdwQikKLXupp8DBhlwYFQfg3TwbE31pFsU7r0tDBVrCVdpwwF4tatddf6bmR15HGjIMuzpQ/s2048/Heards+and+others.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1452" data-original-width="2048" height="454" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzGwpknEsmJfva2E-pvm08V_bZuk-9wuBriMIWzL14aw9UauoOZZ5-3H7DAvouY8LjiL3JhdwQikKLXupp8DBhlwYFQfg3TwbE31pFsU7r0tDBVrCVdpwwF4tatddf6bmR15HGjIMuzpQ/w640-h454/Heards+and+others.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left;"><span> <span style="font-size: large;"> <span> </span>The photo above is the property of Mr. Garrett Greene. It was shared with us by Ms. Elona Weston in hopes of identifying people in the photo and possibly the time and location. Mr. Garrett is a Miller descendent, and the Millers are closely tied by marriages to both the Heard and Lindsey families. There is one name written on the photo, which we believe reads "<i>George Heard</i>."</span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span> <span> </span></span> The one identification in this photo that is unambiguous is that of William Crowder "Billy" HEARD. The young man standing in front of the porch, wearing the dark coat and light colored slacks is the same young man shown in the middle of the photo of the Heard Children shown above. Indeed, the images are so similar as to suggest that the two photos are close in time. In the first photo, we estimated the time of the photo as 1899 +/- 2 years (1898-1902), which placed Billy HEARD'S age as 32 (+/- 2 years). Billy's age seems about the same in both photos suggesting that the second photo was taken within this same time frame. We date the second photo between 1897 and 1899 placing Billy's age in the second photo as 31 (+/-1 year).</span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> <span> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: large;"> I believe the young man seated on the steps and wearing the hat is George Melton HEARD, younger brother of Billy and James Addison HEARD and older brother of Johnny HEARD. </span><span style="font-size: medium;">(Please note, George Melton Heard should not be confused with either George Washington HEARD, the first Mayor of DeRidder, his Uncle, or </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;"> George Milton HEARD, his cousin, son of George Washington HEARD). </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: large;">The bone structure of his face in this picture is almost identical to that of Billy HEARD and James Addison HEARD (his older brothers). This hypothesis is strongly supported by the name "<i>George HEARD</i>" written below his image in the photo margin.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;"> In this photo, George Melton would have been approximately 26 years of age. In a few years, he</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: x-large;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;">would move to Kansas City, where he met Leda Godell Smith. They were married in 1913, and lived there for the remainder of their lives. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span> <span> While the evidence is less clear, I believe that the young man standing on the porch between the two young ladies may be John Holloway "Johnny" HEARD, who appears between his sisters on the back row of the first picture. I also recall being told that Johnny HEARD played a violin and sang. Johnny HEARD would have been approximately 20 (+/-1 year) at the time this photo was made.</span></span><br /></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> However, it is equally plausible that the young man standing between the two young women is one of the four LINDSEY sons who would have been approximately 29, 23, 20, and 15. Based on comparisons to the photo shown below, it is entirely possible that this young man is Bill LINDSEY the eldest of the Lindsey sons. I have studied photos of both Johnny HEARD and Bill LINDSEY, and cannot decide which is a better match.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"> I believe the older woman, standing in the doorway is Ellen Lenore BILBO LINDSEY. Below is a picture of Ellen, and I think the resemblance is notable. At the time the group photo was taken, Ellen Lenore would have been about 50 years of age.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPN_YkMSi_a0gOfnwAq741Ho7zmbshLxbPpce5PHZtvg536OFD_phymYG7eF8oAXPaH_RTt8dGVKr-fCUYpRAwn3tSYMZVS2xsLCfIRUNERMT9YCVJqYsVmHYsp9xS6isi8xn_Q8D2Sb0/s498/Ellen+Bilbo+Lindsey.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="498" data-original-width="350" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPN_YkMSi_a0gOfnwAq741Ho7zmbshLxbPpce5PHZtvg536OFD_phymYG7eF8oAXPaH_RTt8dGVKr-fCUYpRAwn3tSYMZVS2xsLCfIRUNERMT9YCVJqYsVmHYsp9xS6isi8xn_Q8D2Sb0/w281-h400/Ellen+Bilbo+Lindsey.jpg" width="281" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;"> Ellen BILBO LINDSEY was the wife of Asbury Monroe LINDSEY, (see his photo below) and the Aunt of the HEARD children. In this case, the older man standing in the far left of the photo would probably be Asbury Monroe LINDSEY. Asbury would have been approximately 57 when the group photo was made.</span></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiChHyV-b6qXe7PSSuhSevg1lU1ZlMWrjD2CL_fOrD17altQE1wexBCsVArHh_rgqFBOvoW6e3hidL9lZHNgaRGEGYq8-2vi5iGxILUSliWVejW-2np9StHp9pcAH8fg76ckDZgyHwtSEI/s600/Asbury+Monroe+Lindsey.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="532" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiChHyV-b6qXe7PSSuhSevg1lU1ZlMWrjD2CL_fOrD17altQE1wexBCsVArHh_rgqFBOvoW6e3hidL9lZHNgaRGEGYq8-2vi5iGxILUSliWVejW-2np9StHp9pcAH8fg76ckDZgyHwtSEI/w355-h400/Asbury+Monroe+Lindsey.jpg" width="355" /></a></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /> </span></span><p></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>If these are Ellen Lenore and Asbury Monroe, then the photo was almost certainly taken at the LINDSEY home in the Dry Creek Community. It was NOT taken at the HEARD home, which was made of logs. Further, it is probable that some of the other children in the photo are the children of Ellen and Asbury.</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> <span> Ellen Lenore and Asbury Monroe had 10 children, but only 5 survived infancy. These five were:</span></span></span></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span> <span> </span></span>William "Bill" Burkett LINDSEY (1869-1943). m. Mary Jane Bailey 1903 <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">(approximately 29 </span></span></b></span></span><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">+/- 1 y</span></span></b><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">ear at time of photo)</span></span>.</b></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span> <span> </span></span>Joseph Lawrence LINDSEY (1875-1967) (see first group photo) m. Martha Hanchey then Della HARPER <span style="color: #2b00fe;">(approximately 23 </span></b></span></span><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">+/- 1 y</span></span></b><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">ear at time of photo)</span></span>.</b></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="font-size: medium;"> John McNeese "Mac" </span>LINDSEY (1878-1930) m. Georgia Ann Ashworth 1900 </b><b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">(approximately 20 </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="background-color: white;">+/- 1 y</span></span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><b>ear at time of photo)</b></span></span><b>.</b></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span> <span> </span></span>Winfrey Florance LINDSEY (1883-1968) </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><b>(approximately 15 </b></span></span></span><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="background-color: white;">+/- 1 y</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="background-color: white;">ear at time of photo)</span>.</span></b></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span> <span> </span></span>Crista Pearl LINDSEY (1892-1983) <span style="color: #2b00fe;">(approximately 6 </span></b></span></span><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">+/-1 y</span></span></b><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">ears at time of photo)</span></span>.</b></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span> </span>Bill LINDSEY married Mary Jane BAILEY, and they adopted Mattie Bell SINGLETARY. He was a handsome man, and resembles his father and the man we have </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">tentatively identified as his brother Lawrence. As stated above, I believe that the young man standing between the two women may be Bill, who was approximately 29.</span></span></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3mI5nhTZvHE1lmMD_UCXEuQE3fkOWDf7WYQFFFjwcIZG0AIPHdk0ELd-dME1baacEQ3sQ1iiSJvVJXChQgABSHiHqbNm9InwQ6ob97Gd1s3Y9-kg1SxhuxbHKHkTUvXFLhBeqYU_GaPU/s521/William+Burkett+%2522Bill%2522+Lindsey.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="521" data-original-width="350" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3mI5nhTZvHE1lmMD_UCXEuQE3fkOWDf7WYQFFFjwcIZG0AIPHdk0ELd-dME1baacEQ3sQ1iiSJvVJXChQgABSHiHqbNm9InwQ6ob97Gd1s3Y9-kg1SxhuxbHKHkTUvXFLhBeqYU_GaPU/w429-h640/William+Burkett+%2522Bill%2522+Lindsey.jpg" width="429" /></a></span></span></div><span><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span><p style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span> <span> <span> <span> Joseph </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span>Lawrence LINDSEY married twice, first to Martha C. HANCHEY and second to Della HARPER. They had one daughter Mildren REEVES. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">After many comparisons, I believe that the young man sitting on the far left of the photo (next to Billy HEARD) is Joseph Lawrence LINDSEY (also shown in the photo of the HEARD CHILDREN). If this is indeed, Lawrence, he looks slightly younger (and with darker hair) in this photo than in the first photo. He would have been about 23 in this photo.</span></span><br /><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span> <span> John "Mac" McNEESSE married Georgia Ann Ashworth. They had four children, and are shown in the following photo. I believe, based on a couple of facial features (including the ears), that the young man at the far right of the group photo is Mac LINDSEY. Mac, who is shown only in profile, was approximately 20 when this photo was made.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span></span></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGjujx6oTdsexk-WwhBiTKHxCykznQ51CMeGuziqVaYgSmZZt6v9sdbfLimNE_KRXytF719rSoA5f_-RiuPYbjELFa1ZNI_s50FES0ztLQ91-SB5LTDqroOV2pQ_6F_22M4e5sC_XmfXo/s412/John+McNeese+Lindsey+and+Georgia+Ann+Ashworth.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="412" data-original-width="400" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGjujx6oTdsexk-WwhBiTKHxCykznQ51CMeGuziqVaYgSmZZt6v9sdbfLimNE_KRXytF719rSoA5f_-RiuPYbjELFa1ZNI_s50FES0ztLQ91-SB5LTDqroOV2pQ_6F_22M4e5sC_XmfXo/w389-h400/John+McNeese+Lindsey+and+Georgia+Ann+Ashworth.jpg" width="389" /></a></span></span></span></div><p style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><br /></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span><span> <span> <span> Winfrey Florance LINDSEY married Amanda Ella PRESLEY (1877-1960) and they had one child, Winfrey Kermit LINDSEY. I believe the young woman wearing the white shirtwaist with the mutton sleeves may be Ella Presley LINDSEY, wife of Winfrey based on comparison to the photo below of her as a young woman. In the group photo Ella would have been approximately 22 (20-24). </span></span></span> Ella (born in 1877) was 6 years older than her husband, Winfrey, who was born in 1883, and was about 15 when this photo was taken. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: x-large;"> </span></p><div><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: large;"><br /></span><div><span style="font-size: large;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiphsSH3tKGbxhjsMsdF2IqU1zxEqs63q2B4NIj0wdOHurFUctdjf8-LE8M73eL0PsAuiNNcSUFoFxEtSQKTa-brIkRyzEq2ZH96WGhCFHcQm-VgnFSL8rqDWpPFwcEhR_sLoimTio3Le8/s634/Amanda+Ella+Presley.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="634" data-original-width="460" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiphsSH3tKGbxhjsMsdF2IqU1zxEqs63q2B4NIj0wdOHurFUctdjf8-LE8M73eL0PsAuiNNcSUFoFxEtSQKTa-brIkRyzEq2ZH96WGhCFHcQm-VgnFSL8rqDWpPFwcEhR_sLoimTio3Le8/w290-h400/Amanda+Ella+Presley.jpg" width="290" /></a></div><br /></span><p style="text-align: left;"><span><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: large;"> Below is a photo of Ella and Winfrey in their middle years.<span> </span></span></span></span></span></p><div><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUsftgVCYGuQ8h_xx6BB1MbVNmAdaEQk_xeFqB0_tWP-f0TlPl0XYJDwjzLiLlWr2D9RxI6wxoLvwpHi2Ph1xL3mw5jXpkYOK_VkUpNRiJ3fm27sJu5XsPZpMSFgZlaC1F-vwHVMUnvGY/s1222/WINFREY+FLORANCE+LINDSEY+AND+ELLA.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1222" data-original-width="916" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUsftgVCYGuQ8h_xx6BB1MbVNmAdaEQk_xeFqB0_tWP-f0TlPl0XYJDwjzLiLlWr2D9RxI6wxoLvwpHi2Ph1xL3mw5jXpkYOK_VkUpNRiJ3fm27sJu5XsPZpMSFgZlaC1F-vwHVMUnvGY/w480-h640/WINFREY+FLORANCE+LINDSEY+AND+ELLA.jpg" width="480" /></a></div></span></span><span><span> <span> </span></span></span></span></span></span><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span><span><span><span><span><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span><span><span><span><span><span> <span> </span></span>The youngest of the LINDSEY children was Crista Pearl LINDSEY. She was a beautiful young woman, who married Merritt Guyraud Garner. They had one </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: large;">son, Merritt Gerald Garner (1922-2014). Her photo is shown below. I believe Crista Pearl (born in 1892) is the little girl with doll in the rocker on the porch photo.</span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: large;"><span> </span></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhYcIqqhA-a1zfLyLYsIGEPd2iEWdlckgNucoX0EshhwCtjvbSMftafKZgixPLJ5cQLNfSzLMdcWHXgvAH1RNprw-IhKJ56dWvbT0SiIyWGVYv4Bu5a68YLozND-btnTeGXXRzJRDMukU/s422/Chsristia+Pearl+Lindsey+%2528Garner%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="422" data-original-width="350" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhYcIqqhA-a1zfLyLYsIGEPd2iEWdlckgNucoX0EshhwCtjvbSMftafKZgixPLJ5cQLNfSzLMdcWHXgvAH1RNprw-IhKJ56dWvbT0SiIyWGVYv4Bu5a68YLozND-btnTeGXXRzJRDMukU/w530-h640/Chsristia+Pearl+Lindsey+%2528Garner%2529.jpg" width="530" /></a><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></b></div><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span> <span> </span></span> <span> </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">If Crista Pearl is the child in the rocker she would have been between 5 and 7 years of age, this suggests the photo was made between 1897 and 1899. making it closely contemporary with the PHOTO OF THE HEARD CHILDREN shown above. Billy (William Crowder) HEARD, the one person we definitely know is in both photos looks almost the same in the two photos, supporting the hypothesis that they were taken during the same period.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>CONCLUSION</b></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> <span> </span></span>We have hypothesized that the second "mystery" photo was taken at the home of Asbury Monroe LINDSEY and his wife Ella Lenora BILBO LINDSEY in the Dry Creek Community around 1898. Many of those in the photo are their children and their nephews and nieces. Two young men and one young woman and one young girl are not identified. <br /></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span> <span> </span></span>We are not certain of these conclusions, and invite other ideas, contributions, and theories from those who read this blog. We will revise the blog to include new information and photos contributed by readers.</span></p></div></div></div>Frances Jackson Freeman, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/14443125000303869964noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5854257755568701611.post-44838885827278254362021-05-31T16:27:00.003-07:002021-05-31T16:30:09.356-07:00A SALAUTE TO MY HEARD COUSINS AND OUR WONDERFUL FAMILY<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">TO MY HEARD COUSINS:</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">But Especially for SISTER on </span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Her Birthday, Feb. 2021</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;"> This Blog is written in memory of my cousin FLORENCE ADELE HEARD LARGUIER and dedicated to all my “<i>story-telling,</i>” <i>“big</i>” cousins, whose imaginations nurtured me in my earliest years. Especially I am dedicating it to SISTER for her birthday,. and because she and ROBERT are the ones most likely to correct my errors (although I’m betting that Barbara Anne, Van, Lydia Jane, and maybe others will also have a few corrections to offer).</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>While I write this Blog about my first-cousins (the grandchildren of <b>James Addison and Clora Frances Nolen Heard</b>), hopefully it will be read by their children and grandchildren and great-grandchildren and great-great grandchildren. Farm life in rural Louisiana in the first half of the 20th Century will be far removed from their experience, but perhaps we can help them conjure in their imaginations what the farm was like when we were growing up. I am hoping that other cousins will join this effort, and contribute their own memories to add to this collection. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In my<span style="color: #2b00fe;"> </span><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2011/06/cousins.html"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">2011 Blog</span> </a>on Cousins, I stated my belief that the influence of cousins on our development and our lives is under appreciated by psychologists, sociologists, and anthropologists. However, I have to admit that this may be because many people are not as fully equipped (read that as blessed) with cousins as we are. In total, I have. 32 first cousins, and 23 of these are my Heard Cousins. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"> <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Now two dozen grandchildren would seem a lot to most people, but my Grandmother (Clora Frances Nolen Heard) was heard to say, “<i>Addison and I managed to have 13 children, and raise twelve of them; but all that dozen together could only give us 24 grandchildren</i>.”</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>My grandparents’ three youngest children,<b> Meredith</b>, <b>Alton</b>, and <b>Lindsey</b> were born just after the end of WWI, as the Spanish Flu pandemic was ending. These three were born in 1918, 1920, and 1922, respectively and all three would fight in WWII. The remarkable element here is that their oldest son (Thomas Pink, T.P.) fought in WWI. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The same year that Lindsey was born, their first grandson, <b>Hewell</b> was born and just over a year later, their second, and third grandsons were welcomed to the family. These were <b>Jerry </b>(Jarrell) and <b>Tommy </b>(Thomas P., Jr.). These three boys were followed two years later by the first granddaughter — <b>Sister</b> (Harriet Elizabeth). </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The oldest grandson (<b>Hewell</b>) was born when Warren G. Hardy was in the White House; Al Jolson was singing “<i>April Showers;</i>” and Mussolini gave Italy a Fascist government. When their youngest grandchild (<b>Jennie Lou</b>) was born, Dwight Eisenhower was about to leave the White House for JFK and Alaska and Hawaii became the 49th and 50th states. Elvis was singing, “<i>Are You Lonesome Tonight;</i>” and a group calling themselves the Beatles were playing pubs in Liverpool. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Clora Frances Nolen Heard, was 5’tall and had flaming red hair when she married her former teacher on Nov. 3, 1897. She was 18 and he was 28. <b>Thomas Pink</b> was born nine months later on Aug. 25, 1898, just as the 19th Century was drawing to a close. She was 42 and Addison was 52 when <b>Lindsey</b> (their youngest son) and <b>Hewell</b> (their oldest grandson) were born in 1922, just as the flu pandemic was ending, and Clora Frances was finally allowed to vote.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>For four decades, the Heard Farm, outside Pitkin, in Vernon Parish, Louisiana, would host their grandchildren. We came on Holidays and during the long, sweet summers. To every one of us, <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>The Farm</i></b></span> (as we called it) was a kid’s paradise, equipped with a creek for swimming, a full-sized “<i>club-house/play-house</i>,” woods for exploring, animals of all sorts for playing, riding, and hunting, wonderful foods, and best of all — lots of cousins. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The oldest grandchildren often told the younger that we had it easy. When they were young (in the 1920-30’s) Grandmaw Heard ran a CCC Camp, with lots of farm work. They said that by the time we came along, the Farm was more like a summer kids’ camp. And in many respects, they were right. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Addison and Clora acquired the Farm through a “<i>Homestead</i>” claim. The land was located adjacent to (and in easy walking distance) from the Nolen Farm, belonging to Clora’s parents, <b>Merida Till Nolen</b> and <b>Maria</b> (pronounced <b>Mariah</b>) <b>Jones Nolen</b>. Sometime in the 1920’s Grandmaw and Grandpaw Nolen moved from their farm to a new house in Pitkin, where the operation of the Pitkin General Mercantile was the primary source of Nolen family income. Grandpaw Till Nolen died in 1927 when the oldest of my cousins were still too little to have memories of him. They did remember Grandmaw Nolen, who lived until 1936, and who was a remarkably memorable character in our family legends.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>During the earliest years of the oldest grandchildren, <b>James Addison Heard</b> was still working for the Pickering Lumber Company. <b>Addison</b> (as Grandmaw Heard called him when she didn’t refer to him as “<b><i>Mr. Heard</i></b>”) was a teacher during his 20’s and early 30’s, and worked in the timber industry in his 30’s, 40’s and 50’s.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Professor John McNeese, a young teacher at Addison’s school, <b>Dry Creek Academy</b>, became the most influential educator in southwest Louisiana (and arguably in the state). Dr. McNeese, a former Union Soldier, came to Louisiana after the Civil War (yes, there were good carpetbaggers) and founded the Dry Creek Academy. The Academy was recognized as one of the best schools in the state, and students from other locales boarded in Dry Creek to attend. Subsequently, McNeese completed his law studies, and then became the first superintendent of schools for Imperial Calcasieu Parish. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>To advance his efforts to improve Louisiana education, John McNeese opened the first “<i>Normal</i>” school for training teachers. Addison and at least two of his sisters were graduates of the school, which was to become McNeese State University. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The Heard siblings taught in the schools of old Imperial Calcasieu (including Beauregard and Vernon). The children of Dry Creek, including the <b>Heard</b>, <b>Lindsey</b>, <b>Miller</b>, <b>Kent</b>, <b>Bilbo</b>, and <b>Lyles</b> children were influenced greatly by John McNeese, who inspired, equipped, and encouraged them to seek higher education. Several became teachers, while the youngest Heard son, <b>Zachary Taylor Heard</b>, followed in McNeese’s other footsteps and become a lawyer.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>It is important to remember that the schools then were not “<i>public</i>” as we know today. Many schools were by subscription (parents paid), but gradually communities were coming together to raise funds for school buildings and teacher’s salaries. However, parents still had to pay for books, paper, pencils, etc. and of course transportation and lunches. Mandatory attendance laws were far in the future, and many children never attended school, or dropped out at early ages. The school calendar was worked around the crop schedules of each area because children were an important labor source on the farms, and crops took precedence over education. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Grandpaw Heard taught in several schools including Dry Creek, Rosepine, and Bluebranch. While teaching at Bluebranch, he stayed for a time in the Nolen home, where he met his future in-laws. Education was held in highest esteem in the Heard and Nolen families. Even after he ceased to teach for a living, Grandpaw Heard helped his children with their lessons, and encouraged them to love learning. He especially drilled them in math. They could all do complex calculations in their heads. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>When the oldest Heard children (<b>Thomas Pink</b>, <b>France</b>, and <b>Addie</b>) were born, the area around the Heard farm was mostly old-growth, long-leaf pine forests. The trees were gigantic, some as big as12 feet in diameter. The forest canopy was over 20 to 30 feet above the ground and the trees reached heights of 150-180 feet. They were often 100 to 500 years old. My mother told me that when she was a girl, you could drive a car through the forest under the canopy of the giant pines.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The long leaf pines grew from the east coast of the United States across much of the South. By the end of the 19th Century, the last remaining large stands of Long Leaf pines were located in west central Louisiana, and in the “<i>big Thicket</i>” on the west side of the Sabine. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Early settlers in Vernon and Beauregard (including the Heards) had operated small sawmills, cutting pine, cypress, and oak. A huge cross-cut saw hung over the barn doorway at the Heard home in Dry Creek. We were told that the first Court House in Lake Charles was built with timber cut on that Heard farm in Dry Creek.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>During the first decade of the 20th Century, big, commercial saw mills were built in the area. Huge mills with hundreds of workers operated around the clock, milling thousands of board feet. They brought workers into the area and provided housing and commissaries to supply their needs. The two largest mills near Pitkin were the Fullerton and the Pickering operations (each named for a founder of the company).</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The Pickering mill opened in 1905 and the Fullerton mill in 1907. By March 6, 1927, when the Fullerton mill closed, the virgin long leaf pine forests of Louisiana were gone forever. The harvesters didn’t even leave trees for reseeding, and free-range and feral hogs dug up the essential tap roots of the young long-leaf seedlings before they could grow.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The younger the Heard children were born to a vista of cut over, deforested prairie land with acres and acres of pine stumps, some taller than a young child. During WWII, these pine stumps were harvested, literally by blasting them from the soil, to provide turpentine and tar for the navy. As a child in the 1940’s, I can remember driving past miles of fields full of holes where the stumps and roots had been removed. It wasn’t until after the War and into the 50’s and 60’s that reforestation efforts, and new species of pines led to the reestablishment of timber forests in that area. And with pride, I note that some of the Heard children, grandchildren, and great grandchildren were involved in the Louisiana reforestation efforts.<br />
</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>As his family grew, Addison was tempted by much higher earnings to leave teaching and work for the nearby saw mills. Sometime after the sawmills opened in 1905 and 1907, he began working in the timber industry. I have heard him given the title of “<i>woods foreman</i>.” More specifically, I was told that his mathematical abilities that made him valuable to the bosses. Addison was well-known for being able to do complex calculations in his head, and we were told that he could walk through a stand of timber, and by the time he completed his transit, he could give an accurate estimate of the board-feet that could be milled from the timber growing there. He was apparently able to do similar (if simpler) calculations based on counting cut logs. His abilities were somewhere between a calculator and a computer. As I understand it, Addison primarily worked for the Pickering Lumber Company, headquartered in Pickering, LA. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Addison was in his early 30’s when he began working in the timber industry and in his early 60’s when the industry shut down in Vernon Parish. I was told that Pickering wanted to him to transfer to their newer operation in Haslam, Texas, between Logansport, LA and Joaquin, TX, but he declined to move.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In his later years, as his younger sons and older grandchildren were growing up, James Addison was described in newspaper articles as a “<i>farmer</i>” and local “<i>businessman</i>.” He was active in the Masonic Lodge, served on the local school board, and worked on a number of civic projects, including the Board of the Parish Fair.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I was always under the impression that Grandmaw Heard ran the farm. During my years, she planned the activities, issued the orders and supervised the workers (her children and grandchildren), but the farm operation was much larger before WWII. Until after Grandpaw’s death the family raised a few sheep (for wool) and goats for both milk and meat. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Most importantly they had a big herd of hogs that ran free and were rounded up for castrating and marking every spring, and again for butchering in the late fall. The butchered hogs were salted and then smoked in the smoke house that stood behind the main house, about 25 feet from the back porch. The smoked pork was a major portion of the family’s diet. The most exciting stories my Uncles told centered on these hogs. The roundups, marking, castrations, and butchering were exciting adventures with enough real danger to keep everyone literally jumping. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I’m not sure when the free-range management of hogs ended, but by the 50’s there was a pig pen where hogs were kept and fed slops from the kitchen. Usually there was one gigantic sow and her piglets in various stages of growth and development. Grandchildren did not mess with the sow.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>There were always two to five milch cows, at least one always with a calf, to supply milk; but until Uncle Simmie took over the farm I don’t remember any beef cattle. The cows, like the hogs were free-range. That is, the farmers fenced in their crops and let their animals roam and graze freely. Unlike the hogs who made their homes in the bottoms (low lying wet lands), the cows came home every night and slept safely in the barn lot. The lead cow (in my era her name was Polly) wore a bell, and you could hear her coming home in the evening, with the other cows and calves walking single file behind her. Any cow with a habit of forcing her way through fences wore a yoke (a Y-shaped wooden and leather neck brace) to curb her activities and keep her out of gardens and fields. I have one of these on the fireplace in my home today.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Where they walked day after day, following single file, the cows wore down trench-like cow-trails. If any cow failed to show up at the barn in the evening, a full fledged hunt for the lost critter was triggered. In the waning daylight, we would follow the cow track calling “Sooo cow,” “Sooo-cow.”</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Polly was a special “<i>lead</i>” cow, wiser and gentler than the others. She was gentle and protective to all the calves born to the herd; and her gentle protective nature extended to the grandchildren. Polly was especially partial to the pears that grew on the three big pear trees to the east of Grandmaw’s house. She loved those pears as much as the grandchildren did, and this led to a symbiotic relationship. We would let Polly into the fenced yard around the house. We would lead her under the pear trees, and let her eat the bruised and damaged pears that had fallen to the ground. While she ate, one or two of us would stand on her broad back, and reach high into the limbs of the tree to pick the ripe fruit. However our trick bare-back riders had to stay alert. When Polly began to amble forward to find her next fallen pear, the kids standing on her back had to be ready to either leap to the ground or drop down into a sitting position astride her.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I can’t remember if the cows were milked in the morning or the evening. In summer, they may have been milked morning and evening. I remember morning milking best. The calves were separated from their mothers over night and allowed to suck after the milking. They were always excited, jumping about and kicking. Grandmaw milked into galvanized buckets that she cleaned in boiling water. She washed the cows’ udders before milking. The powerful stream of milk hit the empty bucket with a distinctive clang. At one time or another, all the grandchildren tried milking. I was never any good at it. When you milked, you had to watch out for a kicking cow. That’s where we get the phrase, “<i>kick the bucket</i>.” No cow ever kicked Mawmaw’s bucket more than once.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The fresh (unprocessed and unpasteurized) milk tasted totally different from the “store-bought” milk the younger grandchildren were accustomed to; and some, including my brother Jacky and John Ballis, wouldn’t drink it. It was a creamy yellow in color, with tiny globules of cream floating in it. The care and uses of that milk and its rich cream is an amazing story. The acquisition, care, and use of the fresh milk occupied a lot of Grandmaw’s time, and made the food on her table rich and delicious. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Grandmaw separated the cream from the milk by allowing the lighter weight fatty cream to rise to the top. She skimmed off the cream, and poured it into her churn. She had a large urn-like churn with a dasher on a long stick. The cream was turned into butter by lifting and dropping that big dasher what seemed like a million times. Most of the time we used a churn that consisted of a large glass jar (about a gallon size) with a dasher that was turned by manually rotating a handle. You turned the handle, and the dasher turned and churned the cream until the fatty globs of butter became a solid mass. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>After the butter clumped, Grandmaw carefully poured off the valuable “<i>buttermilk</i>.” Grandpaw preferred buttermilk to sweet milk, especially with crumbled cornbread as an evening meal. Also Grandmaw made her famous biscuits with buttermilk. After draining off the buttermilk, Grandmaw dropped the chunk of butter into her butter press. The press gave the butter its shape, and forced the last of the buttermilk out, so the cake of butter was solid. Now Grandmaw’s butter was pale in color, almost white. I learned later in life that the yellow color in commercial butter is actually and additive dye. But what it lacked in color, it made up for in flavor.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I have only vague memories of the Farm before electricity and refrigeration arrived. However, I know Grandmaw had a “<i>well-house</i>” where temperatures were cooler. As with all things Grandmaw despised waste, and found many ways to use her milk and cream. I do not remember her making cheese, but I well remember her making clabber. I didn’t eat clabber, but many considered it a treat, especially with fresh berries or peaches or over a rich cobbler. Two decades after my childhood, in a posh NYC restaurant I was to encounter clabber again. On the menu it was called “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clotted_cream"><i>clotted cream</i></a><i>,</i>” and Grandmaw would have gagged at the price, but it was served, like hers, over fresh fruit.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Grandmaw kept a small flock of geese, who killed snakes, and were plucked every spring for down to make pillows and mattresses. I sleep every night on a pillow made by my grandmother from the down from her geese. I still own 5 such pillows (and am willing to share with any descendant who will use and cherish). The big gander was the boss in the chicken yard. He bullied everyone except Grandmaw. He terrified and chased the Grandchildren, stretching out his long neck, charging the offending child, and hissing louder than any snake. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Grandmaw’s flock of fowl included mostly chickens with a few ducks as well as Guinea hens. Between the geese and Guineas, no marauder (animal or human) came unannounced to the Heard house. Since collecting eggs was the job generally given to the younger children, all of us became very familiar with the inhabitants of the chicken yard, and the strange places where stupid hens choose to lay eggs. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>To kill the snakes that ate her chicken eggs, Grandmaw Heard used china doorknobs. She had a few china eggs, but the ceramic doorknobs were apparently cheaper and did the job. Snakes crawled into the chicken nests and swallowed the eggs whole. Then they crawled off, curled up and crushed the eggs inside their stomachs. When they swallowed the ceramic eggs (doorknobs), they couldn’t crush them, and the solid objects in their innards killed them. Grandmaw didn’t waste anything, including used ceramic eggs (doorknobs). The Grandchildren were given the task of hunting the dead snake when one of her nests was robbed. Sometime it would be weeks before we found that snake. The pristine white doorknob would be lying there surrounded by snake bones and skin.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Grandmaw Heard not only collected the eggs from her flock, she saved and sold the excess eggs at the Pitkin Mercantile. This was really the source of her “<i>egg money</i>.” She wasn’t about to share her source of wealth with a thieving snake. She kept a careful eye on all her chickens and always knew which ones were regularly depositing eggs, and which were slacking off. The slackers wound up on the table for Sunday dinner.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Grandmaw’s method for converting a non-laying hen into her famous chicken and dumplings was quite direct. She would enter the chicken yard wearing a full apron and carrying a handful of corn. Moving through the chickens that eagerly flocked around her, jumping over each other in their eagerness to reach the corn, she would single out the chosen one. Her flock was diverse, but favored the black and white Plymouth Rocks and Rhode Island Reds. When the bird of the day stretched out its neck to reach the corn, she grabbed with the speed of a snake. She twisted her wrist and the weight of the bird’s body flipped and the neck was broken with one quick wring. Now that chicken was dead, but it didn’t seem to know it was dead. Grandmaw would drop it, and it would jump around all over the ground, doing amazing acrobatic flips and flops.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Grandmaw had boiling water ready before she grabbed her hen, and holding the chicken by the neck, she dunked it into the boiling water, loosening the feathers. She continued to hold it by the neck while stripping off the feathers (which she saved for multiple uses). Only when the bird was naked did she chop off the head and the feet. She stuck these back to feed to Grandpaw's dogs. She was so efficient, that she could complete the entire butchering process before the other fowl finished eating the corn she had scattered.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Given the animals I have described, it was not surprising that the largest crop on the Heard farm was corn. They grew enough corn to feed the animals and to make corn meal and grits to feed the humans, not to mention the roasting ears consumed during the summer months. The harvested field-corn (as separate from the roasting ears) was dried and stored in its shucks in the big barn. The corn sheller stood near the door of the barn, and when grandchildren were causing trouble or acting bored, or just unoccupied, we were sent to shell corn. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>They also grew a small crop of sugar cane which was used to make cane syrup, the staple sweetener on the Heard farm. The corn meal was milled and the cane was crushed and squeezed in a mill located in the center of the chicken yard. In my days it was powered by the farm tractor, but I was told that before the tractor a horse or mule was used to turn a wheel that moved the big milling stone. Neighbors often brought their corn or cane, and used the Heard mill. No formal charge was made, but the neighbor always made a gift of a portion of the product.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Most of Grandmaw Heard’s recipes call for syrup as the sweetener, not sugar. Only a few very special deserts were made with store-bought sugar. The cane stalks were kept after the juice was squeezed, and used as feed for cows and hogs or burned and the ashes scattered in the fields as fertilizer. Some of the best stalks of cane were saved for chewing. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>On cold nights, we would sit around the fireplace in the big living room, and chew the chunks of cane. The older grandchildren were allowed to use a knife to strip the outer husk, and cut the inner fibrous body of the cane into bite size pieces. We would chew on the pieces until we extracted as much of the sweet, sugary, slightly sulfurous juice as possible, and then we would throw the chewed wad into the fire. The sugars, and acids in the fibers would flare into brilliant many-colored flames. We would chew and admire the beauty of the fire, while the older cousins or Uncles spun marvelous tales of scary adventures. Memories of such evenings are so very sweet.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The second crop on the Heard farm was sweet potatoes. The sandy loam of the Heard farm was perfect for growing these tubers. At one time they grew and sold sweet potatoes, but sweet potatoes are a labor intensive crop, and as the children grew up, and the commercial sweet potato farms developed, they grew only enough for family consumption (but that was always a lot). </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The sweet potatoes available in grocery stores today don’t even come close to the taste of Grandmaw’s sweet potatoes. Hers were a deep red in color (not the pale yellow or orange you see today), and so help me, when baked the skins oozed drops of sugar. Uncle Meredith swore that he could tell where a sweet potato came from by its flavor, declaring that the composition of the soil gave flavor to the sweet potato. Occasionally, I am able to find “Jewel” or “Garnet” yams in speciality grocery stores, and they approach the flavor of Grandmaw Heard’s sweet potatoes. When her children were in school, Grandmaw banked the coals in her wood cook-stove after breakfast, and put in a pan of sweet potatoes. These cooked slowly all day, and when the kids came home from school, their after school treat was a baked sweet potato dripping with homemade butter. Needless to say, Grandmaw gave her grandchildren the same treat on cold winter days. But what I loved best were the sweet potato pies she baked for holidays. I believe I was grown before I ate a pumpkin pie — we had sweet potato pie.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The final significant crop on the Heard farm (at least from the perspective of a grandchild) was watermelon. The farm was only a few miles from Sugartown (where many believe the world’s best watermelons are grown), and the same sandy loam that was ideal for sweet potatoes is excellent for watermelons. My strongest memory of Grandmaw and watermelons is of the “<i>waste.</i>” At our house, we were accustomed to consuming every eatable bite of a watermelon; but my Grandmother, who otherwise wasted nothing, ate only the heart of a melon. She would have one of the men or the older boys to fill a wheelbarrow with the ripest watermelons. Then she would take this enormous butcher knife (with a curved blade over two feet long), and with a single stroke she would chop a big melon in two. Then with one twist of the knife, she would extract the heart in two halves, handing each half to a waiting grandchild. Then she would chop open the second melon and extract the heart, and discard the rest. If an opened melon didn’t look or smell perfect, she just threw the whole thing into the waiting bucket. Sometimes she would go through a dozen melons and feed only the very best pieces to us (and to herself). Grandmaw Heard loved watermelons almost as much as she loved fresh peaches, and always ate her fair share. The only fault that could be found with Grandmaw’s watermelons was their temperature. Grandmaw firmly believed that melons were sweeter at room temperature. She cooled her melons under the beds on the sleeping porch, and felt that was the perfect temperature for a melon.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span> Of course she didn’t really “<i>waste” </i>all the discarded melons. They were fed to the hogs, and to the chickens. The hogs consumed every scrap while the chickens picked the halved watermelons clean right down to the green rind. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Our favorite way of eating Grandmaw’s watermelons was to take two or three to the creek. We anchored the melons so they wouldn’t float way in the current, and they cooled while we swam. Then we cut the melons in half and ate them while lying around on the sand. We always carefully cleaned out the half-shells of the melons, so we could use the watermelon rinds as boats to race down the creek. Then we engaged in watermelon fights, washing the sticky juice off in the cold creek water.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The Heard Family (Addison, Clora Frances, and the 12 children) had a good life. They were far from wealthy, but they were never in need. Only two tragedies marred the first three decades of the 20th Century. The first was the death of their ninth child, John Tillus Heard. Little John Tillus was born on Sept. 15, 1914, the same week the allies stopped the German advance into France. He was one month old when he died, probably of SIDS. In the last days of her life (54 years later) his mother still mourned her lost baby, and talked about seeing him again in heaven.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The second tragedy was the burning of the Heard home. We don’t have confirmation of the exact date, but is was around 1925. The oldest children had left home, and the middle crew were all at school on the day the fire destroyed their home.. Mawmaw had taken the youngest four boys and gone somewhere for the day. Grandpaw Heard was working in the field when he saw the smoke. He tried carrying water to extinguish the flames, but it was too late. Instead, he began to carry their possessions into the yard. He made trip after trip, venturing into the burning building to rescue precious belongings. He was exhausted and had breathed too much smoke. His hair had caught fire, and his face and hands were burned, but the yard was filled with things he had saved. Then a spark from the burning house ignited the things in the yard, and these too began to burn. In the end, all Addison managed to save was the mantle clock. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>By the time neighbors saw the smoke and came to help the home and belongings were burned, and Addison was exhausted and injured. The fire had many long term impacts. The skin cancer that killed Addison developed where his face had been burned. The hill where the old house stood became a sort of sacred spot for all the children. In years to come they would pace across the plot, and tell their children what rooms had stood where. When the grandchildren played there, we could find broken dishes and flatware or mangled metal pots. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>And that old mantle clock became the family “<i>Heirloom.</i>” In Grandmaw’s will, she refused to leave it to any one child. Instead, the clock was passed around so each could proudly take turns displaying it in their home. Every grandchild can remember that clock as it stood in their parents’ home. In the last year of her life my mother enjoyed looking at it. It brought joy to Vera when she and Lindsey were the last of the Heard children; and then it was Lindsey’s. In the summer of 2020, four years after Lindsey’s passing, a hurricane-spanned tornado destroyed Lindsey’s house and Bob and Lydia Jane’s home. While the storm roared outside, Bob had to return to the living room to retrieve the clock, and bring it into the safe spot beneath the stairs where the family took shelter. Thanks to his courage, the CLOCK which survived fire in 1925, also survived the tornadoes of 2020.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>After the “<i>Old House</i>” burned, it took more than nine months to build the “<i>New House</i>,” which we believe was completed in 1926. The new house was smaller than the “<i>Old House,</i>” since the family was growing smaller rather than larger as children left home. The wood frame house with the wide front porch and twin chimneys is the only Heard home remembered by the grandchildren. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The house design is one that has been called a “<i>double.shotgun.</i>” There are two entrance doors on the front porch. The door on the right opens into a row of three rooms — large living room, with a wide opening into a large dinning room, behind which is the large kitchen with pantry and larder. The door on the left opens into a row of three rooms — the front bedroom (where Grandmaw, Grandpaw, and the youngest children slept); the middle bedroom; and the sleeping porch. Behind the sleeping porch was the open back porch. There were two fireplaces, one in the living room and one in the front bedroom. The kitchen was heated by the big iron, wood stove.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>If you are wondering where the bathroom was located, well, in 1925, it was about 50 yards out the back yard behind the smoke house and far from the well. The well was behind and to the left of the back porch, and the smoke house was near the well. Of course, you didn’t bathe in the outhouse. In winter the family took their baths in the kitchen in a big galvanized tub filled with water drawn from the well and heated on the wood stove. In the summer they bathed in the creek. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Each of the bedrooms had 2 double beds, and the sleeping porch held three beds. The beds could sleep 14 easily, but I remember over 30 of us sleeping there, with children sleeping 4 or 5 to a bed or on pallets. The front bedroom and the sleeping porch were best in the summer when it was hot. Sometimes the kids slept on pallets on the front porch, but that meant fighting the mosquitoes. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Cooling the house in the summer was a matter of opening the front doors and the back doors and all of the windows. The design created a draw that pulled a breeze through the house. After electricity came in the 1940’s, ceiling fans and eventually an attic fan made things cooler.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In the winter, heat was supplied by the fireplaces and the wood stove. The fireplaces and the wood stove burned during the day, and the coals were banked at night. Grandmaw had bricks that she warmed near the fireplace in the evening, and then wrapped in flannel scraps or old quilt pieces to use to warm the cold beds. It was cold running to the beds at night, but no one slept alone, and I don’t remember ever being cold while curled up with my cousins in one of Grandmaw’s feather beds. Grandmaw and Grandpaw, the first ones up in the morning, stoked the fires and warmed the house before the kids got up.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>As I write this, it is February of 2021, and a week-long, “<i>once in a century cold snap”</i> with freezing temperatures and snow has left the Texas power grid dismantled. People are trying to cope without electricity and in many cases running water. Panic and even deaths are in the news, even as I remember those days when people had no electricity, no running water, and no telephones.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Sister was the first girl born into the Heard family in a decade (her Aunt Vera having been born 10 years earlier), so it was no wonder she was tagged as <b>“<i>Sister</i>.</b>” I don’t think I knew her real name (Elizabeth) until she married. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I tend to group those oldest cousins, <b>Hewell</b>, <b>Jerry</b>, <b>Tommy</b>, and <b>Sister</b>, as a special contingent somewhere between Uncles and Cousins. As a really little girl, I had difficulty distinguishing Hewell, Jerry, and Tommy from my youngest Uncles, Alton and Lindsey. In my mind, these six stood somewhere between adults and children, in a special category of God-like creatures. They had the powers of adults, but they still retained the understanding and dispositions of children. It was absolutely wonderful when they petted and spoiled you, and absolutely hell when they ignored you. I would do anything to please them or to avoid their displeasure. Sister, maybe because she was a girl, was the most approachable. She was the one I could go to if I needed help. <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>She was the “<i>Mother-cousin</i>” for all us little ones.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The second contingent (or peer group as an anthropologist might label them) consisted of the what might be called our “<b><i>Depression Era</i></b>” cousins, born between 1929 and 1935). These four included<b> </b>Tommy and Sister’s younger siblings, <b>Florence Adele</b> and <b>Robert</b>, along with <b>Bette Lois</b> and <b>Toney</b>. Like the four oldest Cousins, Hewell, Jerry, Tommy, and Sister, Florence and Robert were frequently at the Heard Farm. Their parents allowed them to spend time on the farm, supervised only by their grandparents. Bette Lois, and only child, was at the farm for holidays and when her parents visited.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The third cohort included <b>Jerry Don</b> (Toney’s sister), <b>Frances Ruth</b> (me), <b>Sara Jo, </b>and <b>Ragan </b>(Hewell and Jerry’s much younger brother)<b>. </b>Only three years separated us, and we were close. I think of us as the “<b><i>Pre-War</i></b>” Cousins. The first tragedy of our lives was Ragan’s death when he was only five. His death coincided with the closing months of the War. It was my first direct encounter with death, and never to be forgotten. I think it drew the three remaining cousins closer. It also meant our numbers were reduced and we spent more time playing with our older cousins (when they would have us) and with our younger cousins.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">TO BE CONTINUED —<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span></p>Frances Jackson Freeman, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/14443125000303869964noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5854257755568701611.post-1336825256980198582021-03-15T11:29:00.002-07:002021-03-15T14:48:01.629-07:00The Name and Parentage of O. F. or Favron Lemoine (1872-1924)<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">The Name and Parentage of </span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">O. F., Favron Lemoine (1872-1924)</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: 12px; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;">The father of <b>Howard Henry Lemoine, Sr</b>., (and grandfather of <b>Henry, Jr</b>.) died when Henry Sr. was only a child. Therefore, it is not surprising that many things about him may have been forgotten or confused. But it is surprising that even his name proved confusing. His first name was seldom used. He was called by his middle name,<b> Favron</b>, or he used his initials. But even the initials were a bit misleading. Sometimes they appear in today's records</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> as</span><b><span style="font-size: large;"> O. F.</span> </b><span style="font-size: x-large;">and other times as </span><b><span style="font-size: large;">A. F</span>.</b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> This is apparently because the script capital “</span><b><span style="font-size: large;">O</span></b><span style="font-size: x-large;">” and capital “</span><b><span style="font-size: large;">A</span></b><span style="font-size: x-large;">” are quite similar, and when these were typed some times they were transcribed as “</span><b><span style="font-size: large;">A</span></b><span style="font-size: x-large;">” and other times as “</span><b><span style="font-size: large;">O</span></b><span style="font-size: x-large;">”. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In reading documents the most common name appeared to be “<b>Augustus</b>” or “<b>Auguste</b>.” However, the use of “<b>O</b>” was more common than “<b>A,</b>” and this would have rendered the given name as “<b>Ogustus</b>,” or “<b>Oguste</b>.” None of these are common English or French names. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>While struggling with the name, we searched existing family trees, and found that another genealogist had connected <b>O.F. </b>or <b> Favron Lemoine</b> to <b>Solomon Elijah Lemons </b>or <b>Lemoine</b> who had two wives, <b>Cloyce Britt</b> and <b>Jane Unknown</b>. With his first wife, Solomon Elijah had five children and with Jane only one, listed as <b>O. F. Lemons</b>/<b>Lemoine</b>. For some time, Henry, Jr. and I accepted Solomon Elijah and Jane as his great grandparents, the parents of his grandfather of the many names.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>However, the more I researched Solomon Elijah and his children, the less I was convinced of the relationship. Further, I became convinced that the one name we were certain of, “<b>Favron</b>” was a family name, probably the maiden name of a “<i>mother.</i>”. Then one day I discovered records for<b> Oguste </b>or <b>Agustus </b>or<b> Auguste, </b>called<b> “Gus,” Thomas Lemoine</b> who was born in <b>1852</b> and died in <b>1886</b>. This <b>Gus Lemoine</b> was the son of <b>Charles LEMOINE </b>and his wife <b>Marie Adelaide Favron Lemoine</b>. <b>Gus</b> had three brothers, <b>Mitchell Eustas</b>, called <b>“June” Lemoine</b>, <b>Theophile Lemoine</b>, and <b>Charles Leroy Lemoine</b>. I researched all three and found that <b>Charles Leroy Lemoine</b> (a native of Natchitoches) had married <b>Madeline Racine</b>. Charles named his first son for his Uncle, “<b>Ogustus</b>” and gave him his mother’s maiden name “<b>Favron</b>” as a middle name. The name given this son, born in <b>1872</b> was “<b>Ogustus Favron Lemoine.</b>” His first name was often given in records as <b>Augustus</b> rather than <b>Ogustus.</b> He called himself <b>O. F.</b> or <b>Favron.</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The siblings of <b>Ogustus Favron Lemoine</b> were <b>Ambrose Lemoine</b> (who apparently never married and lived with his mother in Natchitoches Parish); <b>Addie Madeline Lemoine</b> (who married <b>Joseph Alphonse Maricelli</b> and lived in Campti in Natchitoches Parish), <b>Charles Leroy “Charlie” Lemoine, Jr.</b> (who married <b>Evilenna Grillett</b> and lived in Natchitoches, Winn and Rapides Parishes).</span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Based on Names, Records, and Geographical locations, we concluded that the Father of <b>Henry Lemoine. Sr</b>. was named <b>Ogustus </b>or<b> Oguste Favron LEMOINE</b> (although his first name was often written as <b>Augustus</b> or <b>Aguste</b>), and that his parents were <b>Charles Leroy LEMOINE </b>(1849-1879) and his wife,<b> Madeline RACINE </b>(1850-1941)<b>. O. F.’s </b>grandparents were<b> Charles LEMOINE </b>(born 1804) and <b>Marie Adelaide FAVORN </b>(1810-1867);<b> Oliver Racine</b> (1820-1860) and <b>Marguerite Treminque </b>(born 1811). We found no evidence of a relationship between <b>O.F. Favron Lemoine</b> and the previously referenced <b>Solomon Elijah Lemoine,</b> decided that the previous genealogist had erred, and removed him from any relationship in the existing <b>Lemoine Family Tree</b>.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgY5EL5Ko42Lxg_SuMcm6zICy4k-nl0H0ieM0Q_Kv1S4Z4Nz8LzARoD4EO6YUzzU6CnEx_T5z11svhR8WWYBk7150PEmVFrCrZDOrQzisyJ9C0gsE2Clr4RcXNU6lV15oKE_DVgrZPXto/s1978/Howard+Henry+Lemoine%252C+Jr.%2527s+Family+Tree.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1030" data-original-width="1978" height="333" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgY5EL5Ko42Lxg_SuMcm6zICy4k-nl0H0ieM0Q_Kv1S4Z4Nz8LzARoD4EO6YUzzU6CnEx_T5z11svhR8WWYBk7150PEmVFrCrZDOrQzisyJ9C0gsE2Clr4RcXNU6lV15oKE_DVgrZPXto/w640-h333/Howard+Henry+Lemoine%252C+Jr.%2527s+Family+Tree.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD122hCBIWWTHLn97qMFQb8v3yp3k6gIrRG1aGCFle7uPQ5JGBcXqd57WnTVs7ry58_pzHH1dz1z1ztNyTpJRVGx0xbwSrBDdAJ8emWWPD7y6mddZamcfWDLn-MbZY8t3g5OGnV1S3OpI/s1978/Howard+Henry+Lemoine%252C+Sr.+Family+Tree.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1030" data-original-width="1978" height="334" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD122hCBIWWTHLn97qMFQb8v3yp3k6gIrRG1aGCFle7uPQ5JGBcXqd57WnTVs7ry58_pzHH1dz1z1ztNyTpJRVGx0xbwSrBDdAJ8emWWPD7y6mddZamcfWDLn-MbZY8t3g5OGnV1S3OpI/w640-h334/Howard+Henry+Lemoine%252C+Sr.+Family+Tree.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>Frances Jackson Freeman, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/14443125000303869964noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5854257755568701611.post-13572295567026174542021-01-23T15:36:00.002-08:002021-01-23T16:19:54.009-08:00HEARD & NOLEN ANCESTORS: With DNA Summary and Evaluation for Accuracy<h1 style="text-align: left;">HEARD & NOLEN ANCESTORS: </h1><h1 style="text-align: left;">With DNA Summary and Evaluation for Accuracy </h1><p><span style="font-size: large;"> <span> <span> </span></span>This Blog is intended to provide my Heard and Nolen relatives (especially my cousins, descendants of JAMES ADDISON HEARD & CLORA FRANCES NOLEN) with a current copy of our genealogy (representing research as of Jan., 2021) along with an analysis of DNA results, used to evaluate the validity of each step of the genealogies.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><span> <span> The first four Family Trees and the First Table illustrate the Ancestors of James Addison Heard, the founder of our branch of the Heard Family back to Stephen Heard, the first Heard proven to have immigrated to America. These trees and Table include all of the female lines (wives of our Heard Ancestors and their ancestors). </span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span><span> <span> The last 3 Family Trees illustrate the Ancestors of Clora Frances Nolen, wife of James Addison Heard. These Trees include our Nolen Ancestors and the ancestors of their wives. I plan to add a second Table illustrating the DNA analyses for these ancestors. However, before making that effort, I wanted to determine whether this is an appropriate way to communicate this information.</span></span><br /></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span><span><span><span> <span> The Family Trees have been developed through classic family history research by a number of Family members. However, when following the "paper trail" for any family there are many sources of error and false leads. With the advent of DNA genealogical testing, it is possible to test the Trees developed through the paper hunt against the biological information carried in our cells.</span></span><br /></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span> <span> </span>However, there are many problems inherent in matching DNA results to the network of Ancestors in our family trees. In almost all cases, we don't have DNA from the Ancestor to match to our own DNA, rather, we identify our MATCHES among those living today, and attempt to identify Our "<i><b>common ancestors</b></i>" from whom we each received our matching DNA. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span> <span> </span>While both methods have problems, by comparing the findings from one with the findings from the other, it is possible to strengthen the evidence supporting a finding OR identify possible errors in our research.</span><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span> <span> The Research Reported in this Blog is based on Matches made using the ANCESTRY DNA and the ANCESTRY Matching Program called THRULINES. Frances Ruth Jackson Freeman (that's me), daughter of Myrtis Lee Heard Jackson (my Mother) is the primary Person matched in the Table. I am the granddaughter of James Addison Heard and Clora Frances Nolen. Denise Ruth Freeman McGrade (DM on the Table) and Jacqueline Lee Freeman Perez (JP on the Table) are my daughters, and great granddaughters of James Addison Heard and Clora Frances Nolen. Veronica Lee Perez Muller (VPM), Carlos Perez (CP), Patrick McGrade (PM) and Sarah McGrade (SM) are my grandchildren and great, great grandchildren of James Addison and Clora Frances.</span></span><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span> <span> The generation designation on the Table is mine (and will match all of my Heard First Cousins), and goes from my Grandparents to my 5 Great Grandparents. Since the Accuracy of Autosomal DNA matching with Ancestry is limited to 5 generations, that is as far as I go in this analysis. You will note, that the matches for my children only extend to my 4th great Grandparents (their 5th), and for my </span></span>grandchildren they extend only to my 3rd Great Grandparents (their 5th). </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span> <span> A number of our other family members have also tested with Ancestry. I would very much like to add their DNA test results to this analysis, to further test accuracy, and increase the power of findings. If we can add their results to mine, we will increase the power of our results, and their potential for supporting or refuting the ancestor identifications in our trees.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span> <span> We are also looking beyond Ancestry using other test companies and their matches. Lindsey and Jimmy Heard have done Y-DNA studies. I am currently testing with MyHeritageDNA to check against their data base. I am using GEDMATCH, but have not investigated </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;">the findings there yet.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span> <span> I will tell you as you begin </span></span>perusing the trees and the table, that the HEARD FAMILY as presented here is very complete (as compared to most family research). We have a more </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;">complete tree than most (even though this only goes back to the early American Colonial Times). The number of verifiable ancestors through both documentation and DNA is very high. I think this directly reflects the hard and dedicated work of our Aunts and Cousins. You will note that we have identified several relationships or individuals that are problematic and require further investigations.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><span> <span> I have tried color-coding the family lines to make it easier to spot the parents and grandparents within the Table and to match these to the Trees. I need your feedback to let me know if this is helpful or if you have other suggestions.</span></span><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span><span> <span> I need your QUESTIONS to help me know what I need to explain. </span></span><br /></span></span></span></p><p><br /></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><b>HEARD-NOLEN FAMILY TREE </b></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_LfMZ22b2hGMq70BwdqdHqcyg0xUhAqthAVjnC1IOQzEXncXkc9AFFA8h3zqcS9Ej2UwBeVxm_vqUcF9dnOYFbGHPn8NNzbzpzkUlJFEkVeKBR4GxcEI5CckYnsGYPreCVLF-ne5wSZg/s1810/1+Heard-Nolen+Family+Tree.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1104" data-original-width="1810" height="390" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_LfMZ22b2hGMq70BwdqdHqcyg0xUhAqthAVjnC1IOQzEXncXkc9AFFA8h3zqcS9Ej2UwBeVxm_vqUcF9dnOYFbGHPn8NNzbzpzkUlJFEkVeKBR4GxcEI5CckYnsGYPreCVLF-ne5wSZg/w640-h390/1+Heard-Nolen+Family+Tree.png" title="HEARD-NOLEN FAMILY TREE" width="640" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><b>HEARD-LINDSEY FAMILY TREE</b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7CcFIET-sfUbbC0IXRKuIlFihSk2_L5nDGjZdhJACvmUK9TSVxCfgRuDpFuGY84R6dtlDL8reI-Lki6lQORNYnrvFd-70FOX4SvwEEmo8NsTmFvLTSt5Yv1dfPsaRqPfOYI0VMozB_5A/s1822/2+Heard-Lindsey+Family+Tree.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1132" data-original-width="1822" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7CcFIET-sfUbbC0IXRKuIlFihSk2_L5nDGjZdhJACvmUK9TSVxCfgRuDpFuGY84R6dtlDL8reI-Lki6lQORNYnrvFd-70FOX4SvwEEmo8NsTmFvLTSt5Yv1dfPsaRqPfOYI0VMozB_5A/w640-h398/2+Heard-Lindsey+Family+Tree.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><b>HEARD-HEWELL FAMILY TREE</b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAyCdkwK-sbL-n5Jw3vJmusLXLmp1XPhQ88tY-2ZmLvy9h56tq8c34Q9Ib4IjSjewTJtEpkXtRiWdc5m2eK3J4EfmtXbvDvxDekKVCnsVthkFplGBZxM1o-CRQ3gOXu1mOuuzZ_5PbuuQ/s1822/3+Heard-Hewell+Family+Tree.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1132" data-original-width="1822" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAyCdkwK-sbL-n5Jw3vJmusLXLmp1XPhQ88tY-2ZmLvy9h56tq8c34Q9Ib4IjSjewTJtEpkXtRiWdc5m2eK3J4EfmtXbvDvxDekKVCnsVthkFplGBZxM1o-CRQ3gOXu1mOuuzZ_5PbuuQ/w640-h398/3+Heard-Hewell+Family+Tree.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p><span style="font-size: large;"><b>LINDSEY-WILLIAMS FAMILY TREE</b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA-xPyTeI2d3rqPpVI_r97njgJNR-rgtmKJNmermT7F8jk8kQl3A0vbJU_FnryXovbaY9g4DCRwqsZG7jZZJ4kk0N7utg64FvlMQ2KiKkwx2_bDTUphDiZB7-IKeWlw5Ihes-6i9Yx-NY/s1822/4+Lindsey-Williams+Family+Tree.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1132" data-original-width="1822" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA-xPyTeI2d3rqPpVI_r97njgJNR-rgtmKJNmermT7F8jk8kQl3A0vbJU_FnryXovbaY9g4DCRwqsZG7jZZJ4kk0N7utg64FvlMQ2KiKkwx2_bDTUphDiZB7-IKeWlw5Ihes-6i9Yx-NY/w640-h398/4+Lindsey-Williams+Family+Tree.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p><span> <span><span style="font-size: large;"> Key to the Table -- B = Birth Year; D = Death Year; </span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span><span> <span> </span></span># FJF indicates the # of Matches found for Frances Jackson Freeman that share this Ancestor.</span></span></span><br /></p><p><span><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span> <span> # Lines means the Number of Children of that person that the Matches are descended from. For example, FJF has 13 matches who are descended from James Addison Heard. These are descended through 5 of James Addison Heard's children (FJF's mother Myrtis Lee, and 4 other siblings).</span></span><br /></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span> <span> Other Matches, include the initials of the other family members who have matches with individuals descended from the same Ancestor. The key for these initials is given above. </span></span><br /></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size: large;"> <span> In NOTES, I include a variety of information, including my conclusion regarding the accuracy and reliability of the identification of a particular ancestor.</span></span></span><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span> <span> <span> <span> </span></span></span></span><br /></span></span></span></span></p><p><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">TABLE 1. -- </span></b></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: black;"><tbody><tr><td style="background-color: #b0b3b2; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 3px 1px 1px 3px; height: 39px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Name</b></span></p></td><td style="background-color: #b0b3b2; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 3px 1px 1px; height: 39px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>B</b></span></p></td><td style="background-color: #b0b3b2; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 3px 1px 1px; height: 39px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>D</b></span></p></td><td style="background-color: #b0b3b2; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 3px 1px 1px; height: 39px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>#-FJF</b></span></p></td><td style="background-color: #b0b3b2; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 3px 1px 1px; height: 39px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b># Lines</b></span></p></td><td style="background-color: #b0b3b2; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 3px 1px 1px; height: 39px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Other </b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Matches</b></span></p></td><td style="background-color: #b0b3b2; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 3px 2px 1px 1px; height: 39px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>NOTES</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: white; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><u><b>GRANDPARENTS</b></u></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1870- 1968 <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>- <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>WWI & WWII Era</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: white; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>James Addison </b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Heard</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1870</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1946</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>13</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>5</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP, VPM, CP, PM, SM,</b></span></p><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #fb0207; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Clora Frances </b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #fb0207; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>NOLEN </b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fb0207; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1880</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fb0207; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1968</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fb0207; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>13</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #e6000e; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>5</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #e6000e; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP, VPM, CP, PM, SM,</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #e6000e; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED (Traced on separate Table)</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 3px 3px; height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 3px; height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 3px; height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 3px; height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 3px; height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 3px; height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 3px 1px; height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 3px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><u><b>GREAT GRANDPARENTS</b></u></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 3px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 3px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 3px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 3px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 3px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 3px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1840-1925 <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>- <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Civil War Era - WWI</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>John Thomas</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>HEARD</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1845</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1912</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>26</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>3</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP, VPM, CP, PM, SM,</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Sarah Adeline</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>LINDSEY</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1840</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1925</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>26</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>3</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP, VPM, CP, PM, SM,</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 3px 3px; height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 3px; height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 3px; height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 3px; height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 3px; height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 3px; height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 3px 1px; height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 3px 1px 1px 3px; height: 26px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><u><b>2 GREAT GRANDPARENTS</b></u></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 3px 1px 1px; height: 26px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 3px 1px 1px; height: 26px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 3px 1px 1px; height: 26px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 3px 1px 1px; height: 26px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 3px 1px 1px; height: 26px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 3px 2px 1px 1px; height: 26px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1808-1903 — Pre & Civil War Era</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Jesse Holloway</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>HEARD</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1818</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1890</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>42</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>7</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP, VPM, CP, PM, SM,</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0d6002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Mary Susan </b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0d6002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>HEWELL</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0d6002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1822</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0d6002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1903</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0d6002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>42</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0d6002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>7</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0d6002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP, VPM, CP, PM, SM,</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0d6002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Burkett W.</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>LINDSEY</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1808</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1894</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>55</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>5</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP, VPM, CP, PM, SM,</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Harriet Serene</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>WILLIAMS</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1814</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1888</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>55</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>5</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP, VPM, CP, PM, SM,</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><u><b>3 GREAT GRANDPARENTS</b></u></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1762-1882 — <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Between Revolution and Civil Wars</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>James A.</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>HEARD</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1776</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1857</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>64</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>5</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP, VPM, CP, PM, SM,</b></span></p><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #ec5c07; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Elizabeth </b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #ec5c07; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>HOLLOWAY</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ec5c07; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1779</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ec5c07; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1855</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ec5c07; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>64</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ec5c07; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>5</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #ec5c07; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP, VPM, CP, PM, SM,</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #ec5c07; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0d6002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Jesse Wyatt</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0d6002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>HEWELL</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0d6002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1793</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0d6002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1852</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0d6002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>44</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0d6002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>3</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0d6002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP, VPM, CP, PM, SM,</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0d6002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #fc2190; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Martha Patsy</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #fc2190; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>BERRY</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fc2190; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1795</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fc2190; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1882</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fc2190; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>45</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fc2190; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>3</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #fc2190; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP, VPM, CP, PM, SM,</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #fc2190; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>James William </b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>LINDSEY</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1762</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1831</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>89</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>6</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP, VPM, CP, PM, SM,</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: grey; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Rachel</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: grey; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>BURKETT</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: grey; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1768</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: grey; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1831</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: grey; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>91</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: grey; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>6</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: grey; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP, VPM, CP, PM, SM,</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: grey; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Benjamin</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>WILLIAMS</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1775</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1850</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>102</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>9</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP, VPM, CP, PM, SM,</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #074080; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Sarah Sallie</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #074080; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>BATTLE</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #074080; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1779</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #074080; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1835</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #074080; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>102</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #074080; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>9</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #074080; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP, VPM, CP, PM, SM,</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #074080; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><u><b>4 GREAT GRANDPARENTS</b></u></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1725-1842 <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>French & Indian & Revolutionary Wars</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>John</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>HEARD</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1744</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1797</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>68</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>6</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #fb02ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Mary Susannah</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #fb02ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>MEADOR</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fb02ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1754</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fb02ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1818</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fb02ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>68</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fb02ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>6</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #fb02ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #fb02ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: rgba(253, 128, 8, 0.02); border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #ec5c07; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Samuel </b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #ec5c07; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>HOLLOWAY</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ec5c07; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1737</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ec5c07; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1817</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ec5c07; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>165</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ec5c07; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>12</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #ec5c07; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #ec5c07; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #fb9e09; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Rebecca</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #fb9e09; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>HUBBARD</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fb9e09; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1744</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fb9e09; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1817</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fb9e09; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>161</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fb9e09; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>12</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #fb9e09; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #fb9e09; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #20a603; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>William Wyatt</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #20a603; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>HEWELL</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #20a603; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1756</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #20a603; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1842</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #20a603; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>44</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #20a603; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>4</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #20a603; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #20a603; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: navy; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Frances Jouett</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: navy; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DAVENPORT</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: navy; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1763</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: navy; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1839</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: navy; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>33</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: navy; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>3</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: navy; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: navy; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #cc66ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>William Talifarro</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #cc66ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>BERRY</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #cc66ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1750</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #cc66ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1809</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #cc66ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>90</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #cc66ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>8</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #cc66ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #cc66ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #808004; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Susannah</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #808004; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>TAYLOR</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #808004; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1770</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #808004; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1829</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #808004; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>89</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #808004; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>3</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #808004; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #808004; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>James William</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>LINDSEY</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1725</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1800</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>76</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>10</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #800002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Sarah Mary</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #800002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>CARLTON</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #800002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1735</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #800002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1815</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #800002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>67</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #800002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>9</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #800002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #800002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: grey; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Christian</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: grey; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>BURKHART (BURKETT)</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: grey; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1730</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: grey; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1801</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: grey; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>52</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: grey; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>5</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: grey; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: grey; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #fc6666; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Anna Barbara</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #fc6666; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>GRAEFF</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fc6666; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1739</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fc6666; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1800</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fc6666; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>48</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fc6666; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>4</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #fc6666; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #fc6666; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Lewis </b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>WILLIAMS</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1740</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1784</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>63</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>3</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #408002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Ann Mary Wilking</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #408002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>NORMAN</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #408002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1745</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #408002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1792</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #408002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>64</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #408002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>3</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #408002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #408002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #074080; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Ephriam</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #074080; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>BATTLE</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #074080; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1750</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #074080; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1798</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #074080; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>61</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #074080; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>3</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #074080; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #074080; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Louisa Ann</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>WILLIAMS</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1755</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1797</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>58</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>3</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DM, JP</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><u><b>5 GREAT GRANDPARENTS</b></u></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1695-1822 <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Colonial Era & French & Indian War through Early Revolution</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Stephen</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>HEARD</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1720</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1774</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>45</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>8</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1 Duplicate & 1 New but, VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #996633; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Mary Catherine</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #996633; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>FAULKNER</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #996633; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1718</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #996633; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1780</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>44</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>8</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #996633; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1 Duplicate & 1 New, but VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #fb02ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Joel</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #fb02ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>MEADOR</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fb02ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1725</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fb02ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1798</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fb02ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>112</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fb02ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>14</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #fb02ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Duplicates but VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Susannah</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>CLARK</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1725</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1798</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>112</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>14</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Duplicates but VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #ec5c07; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>John</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #ec5c07; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>HOLLOWAY</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ec5c07; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1701</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ec5c07; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1757</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ec5c07; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>83</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ec5c07; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>9</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #ec5c07; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Duplicates but VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Hannah</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>SPIERS</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1700</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1780</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>84</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>9</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Duplicates but PROBABLE</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #fb9e09; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Joseph </b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #fb9e09; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>HUBBARD</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fb9e09; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1717</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fb9e09; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1789</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fb9e09; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>46</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fb9e09; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>8</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #fb9e09; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Frances Judith</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>COBB</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1718</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1790</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>49</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>8</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>PROBABLE</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #118002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Joseph Emmett</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #118002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>HEWELL </b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #118002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1728</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #118002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1812</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #118002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>0</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #118002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #118002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>PROBLEMATIC (Investigate)</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Frances</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Wyatt</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1728</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1812</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>31</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>3</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>PROBABLE (Investigate)</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: navy; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>James</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: navy; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>DAVENPORT</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: navy; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1725</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: navy; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1803</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: navy; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>39</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: navy; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>8</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: navy; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Duplicates but VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Catherine Frances</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>JOUETT</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1732</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1822</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>38</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>8</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Duplicates but VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #cc66ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Benjamin</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #cc66ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>BERRY</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #cc66ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1733</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #cc66ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1810</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #cc66ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>60</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #cc66ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>6</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #cc66ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>PROBABLE (investigate <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>2nd marriage)</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Sarah</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>TALIAFERRO</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1733</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1763</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>45</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>3</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>PROBABLE (Investigate Husband’s 2nd marriage)</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #808004; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Grant</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #808004; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>TAYLOR</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #808004; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1725</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #808004; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1785</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #808004; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>29</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #808004; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #808004; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Our line only <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>INVESTIGATE</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Emma Lee</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>SMITH</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1725</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>?</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>29</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Our line only <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>INVESTIGATE</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>William </b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>LINDSEY</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1695</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1768</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>23</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>6</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0c61ab; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Jane</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>CHEW</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1700</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1766</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>23</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>6</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #800002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Blake Benjamin</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #800002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>CARLTON </b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #800002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1712</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #800002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1791</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #800002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>14</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #800002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>4</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #800002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>PROBABLE (Investigate)</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Elizabeth </b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>WALLACE</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1712</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1755</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>0</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>UNLIKELY (Investigate)</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: grey; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Johannes George</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: grey; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>BURKETT BURKHART</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: grey; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1718</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: grey; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1756</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: grey; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>10</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: grey; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>3</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 38px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: grey; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Katherine</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>HERBERT</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1705</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1752</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>10</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>3</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 26px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #fc6666; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Marcus Daniel</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #fc6666; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>GROFF GRAEF</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 26px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fc6666; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1712</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 26px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fc6666; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1791</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 26px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fc6666; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>3</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 26px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fc6666; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>3</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 26px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 26px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #fc6666; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Ann</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>HUBER</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1715</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1783</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>3</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>3</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Theophilus</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>WILLIAMS</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1710</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1785</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>15</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Only our line PROBLEMATIC (Investigate)</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Hester Bearfield</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>BUSBEE</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1716</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1785</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>15</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Only our line PROBLEMATIC (Investigate)</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0d6002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>John </b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0d6002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>NORMAN</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0d6002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1721</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0d6002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1789</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0d6002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>20</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0d6002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>3</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0d6002; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>PROBABLE (Investigate 2nd marriage)</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Mourning</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>WILKING</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1721</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1744</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>3</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>2</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>PROBABLE (Investigate husband’s 2nd marriage)</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: navy; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Thomas</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: navy; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>BATTLE</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: navy; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1721</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: navy; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1769</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: navy; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>13</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: navy; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>3</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: navy; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Mary</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>CAPELL</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1725</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1757</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>13</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>3</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 14px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Lott</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>WILLIAMS</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1737</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1757</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>21</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>4</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #8000ff; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 2px 3px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 95px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Sarah</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>SHACKELFORD</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 2px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1737</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 2px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1756</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 2px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 29px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>21</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 2px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 22px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>4</b></span></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 2px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 74px;" valign="top"><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 2px 1px; height: 25px; padding: 4px; width: 235px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #90714c; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>VERIFIED</b></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><b><span style="font-size: large;">NOLEN JONES FAMILY TREE</span></b><div><div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIrf5WcZgwiQEqN9too34s5DzXta7QIWdmkrOuXaKxukqaaUVtVtvqLW4zU2QcUMYo4FXFv5PTt2ldkJaQYnwCWioWUyzJ32Qxsz83iT_rUAsfUZ8jN174Uy3EYhXZZsg-AsTa6QpLudU/s1822/5+Nolen-Jones+Family+Tree+copy.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1132" data-original-width="1822" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIrf5WcZgwiQEqN9too34s5DzXta7QIWdmkrOuXaKxukqaaUVtVtvqLW4zU2QcUMYo4FXFv5PTt2ldkJaQYnwCWioWUyzJ32Qxsz83iT_rUAsfUZ8jN174Uy3EYhXZZsg-AsTa6QpLudU/w640-h398/5+Nolen-Jones+Family+Tree+copy.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /></div></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><b>NOLEN-WISE FAMILY TREE</b></span></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW1kNUAM8hjkg83AlxqKRILRPf3POWKcQ5FXRUOv_YBcamhyphenhyphenai8qYVKHV0j7u9AEs464ppJGGk9QssUXIyJPk6X3zLPEUU08CTl8bA_jtWEO8bepLkYkG5Nb18QkQMPkPagujv2E4wHHE/s1822/6+Nolen-Wise+Family+Tree.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1132" data-original-width="1822" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW1kNUAM8hjkg83AlxqKRILRPf3POWKcQ5FXRUOv_YBcamhyphenhyphenai8qYVKHV0j7u9AEs464ppJGGk9QssUXIyJPk6X3zLPEUU08CTl8bA_jtWEO8bepLkYkG5Nb18QkQMPkPagujv2E4wHHE/w640-h398/6+Nolen-Wise+Family+Tree.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div><b><span style="font-size: large;">JONES-JELKS FAMILY TREE</span></b></div><div><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjileFDnsbzLe4MKSkHn7mI-ueT9ALUIotu8j8vZju7yvj2DPP66-9FmlzrsZ8KIcQBJViFg77rtaNE3cLg8aP8qIwV1FH42dTHSZSjSB0qRP4e2wwC4v6huFdtDLuV7CLIJqEaVAybhFA/s1822/7+Jones-Jelks+Family+Tree.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1132" data-original-width="1822" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjileFDnsbzLe4MKSkHn7mI-ueT9ALUIotu8j8vZju7yvj2DPP66-9FmlzrsZ8KIcQBJViFg77rtaNE3cLg8aP8qIwV1FH42dTHSZSjSB0qRP4e2wwC4v6huFdtDLuV7CLIJqEaVAybhFA/w640-h398/7+Jones-Jelks+Family+Tree.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div>Frances Jackson Freeman, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/14443125000303869964noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5854257755568701611.post-72462249910868482702020-12-29T11:24:00.002-08:002020-12-29T12:10:43.026-08:00<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">WHO WAS JOHN BOONE’S REBECCA?</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b></b></span><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfEmn2NcDc1NnC1qt14rWZSFS97SG7JIPf7mJs_-qsOm2Zu6Ft1Lpt_BzBGA5UKsbKZbVF5mG1R2F1fQH2FAZDCd7-4wwle1A3TX64kOHTpDnmQzwcfGoirETaI0VR8SVqY8iGxGzFHVc/s468/Screen+Shot+2020-12-29+at+1.32.32+PM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="468" data-original-width="448" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfEmn2NcDc1NnC1qt14rWZSFS97SG7JIPf7mJs_-qsOm2Zu6Ft1Lpt_BzBGA5UKsbKZbVF5mG1R2F1fQH2FAZDCd7-4wwle1A3TX64kOHTpDnmQzwcfGoirETaI0VR8SVqY8iGxGzFHVc/s320/Screen+Shot+2020-12-29+at+1.32.32+PM.png" /></a></span></div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: large;">John Boone, Sr. was born Dec. 6, 1727 </span><span style="font-size: medium;">(just 7 years short of 300 years before this was written)</span><span style="font-size: large;">. His Mother, Ann Farmer Boone died shortly after his birth. His father, Benjamin M. Boone would not remarry for almost 9 years, and during that period young John spent much time in the home of his Uncle and Aunt, Squire and Sarah Morgan Boone. John moved with his Uncle Squire’s family from Pennsylvania to Rowan, North Carolina when he was a very young man. He took land there and began farming around 1750.</span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Almost all sources are in agreement that he married his Rebecca on Aug. 14, 1753. Some of these records indicate that Rebecca Boone was born between 1730 and 1735 (an appropriate age for her husband, born in 1727). There is general agreement that John died in 1803</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> (year of the Louisiana Purchase)</span><span style="font-size: large;">, but the exact date is disputed, and given as Aug. 6 or Nov. 12 of that year. He died in his home in Hunting Creek, Rowan, North Carolina, near Mocksville. While some sources say Rebecca Boon died in 1813, others report that she lived until 1820. Most give her place of death as the Boone home in N.C.; one places her death in Lincoln, TN. However this may result from confusion with her daughter, also named Rebecca Boone, who died in Lincoln, TN on March 29, 1816. All identified sources place her burial in Mocksville, N.C.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">THE MYSTERY IS:</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">WHAT WAS REBECCA BOONE’S MAIDEN NAME, </span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">AND WHO WERE HER PARENTS?</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">ANSWERS FROM TRADITIONAL GENEALOGY</span></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Everything statement I make herein is based on the information I currently have. I am describing these findings in hopes that you can guide me to new information. I am ready to revise any and all of the following statements on the basis of new findings. I gratefully look forward to your response.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>There are three viable candidates for consideration. The most widely cited and accepted is <span style="text-decoration: underline;">REBECCA BRYAN</span>, daughter of MORGAN BRYAN and his wife MARTHA STROUD. This identification has been repeated so frequently in family histories, that the other two candidates are often confused with her, and information related to Rebecca BRYAN is copied into the files of the other two Rebecca’s. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The second candidate is <span style="text-decoration: underline;">REBECCA DAVIS</span> (or DAVIES), the daughter of MYRICK (also spelled MIRICK or MERRICK) DAVIS and his wife MARGARET “MARGOT” LYNN (it is unclear whether Lynn is a middle name or a Surname). </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The third candidate is <span style="text-decoration: underline;">REBECCA POTTS</span>. Little is known about Rebecca Potts. She is a candidate because of a single record, showing her marrying “JOHN BONE” on Oct. 24, 1787 in Rowan, North Carolina. Our JOHN BOONE (b, 1727) would have been 60 on this marriage date, if he is indeed the groom. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Interestingly, this record is often cited as evidence of the marriage of REBECCA DAVIS and JOHN BOONE. It has even been suggested that REBECCA DAVIS first married an Unknown POTTS, thus changing her name to Potts before she married JOHN BOONE. While this is clearly possible, evidence supporting the theory is missing. Until we can find additional information about REBECCA POTTS, it is impossible to further evaluate her potential for being our John’s Rebecca. We will therefore focus the remainder of this discussion on the other two Rebecca’s.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>If the evaluation of REBECCA POTTS suffers from a paucity of information, evaluation of REBECCA BRYAN suffers from an excess. The same contemporary evidence, and later assertions of knowledge are repeated, often with different references, so a single source may multiply over time. The difficulties lie in tracing original sources, and evaluating each, and thanks to overabundance, this is a gargantuan task. Many researchers have repeated false information or made unsupported assertions. These “<i>false</i>” statements have the effect of casting doubt on all of the evidence.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I am not attempting in this report to cite and evaluate each source or each piece of evidence relating to REBECCA BRYAN. Rather I summarize by saying that the weight of evidence is such that under most circumstances, REBECCA BRYAN would be accepted as "more-likely-than-not" to be the wife of JOHN BOONE. The “<i>hearsay</i>” evidence and obviously “<i>false</i>” assertions tend to cast doubt, and create controversy.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In evaluating whether REBECCA BRYAN is REBECCA BOONE, it is essential to differentiate between the two REBECCA BRYANS, who married Boone men. One of the reasons Boone Family Researchers have been quick to assume that John Boone married REBECCA BRYAN is because a number of Boone family members married Bryans. There were at least three (and if John Boone married Rebecca BRYAN) possibly four marriages between Boones and Bryans in Rowen N.C. in a 15 year period in the mid 1700’s. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The most famous Boone-Bryan union was the marriage of Daniel Boone and Rebecca Bryan. Rebecca BRYAN who married Daniel Boone was the daughter of the eldest son of MORGAN BRYAN and MARTHA STROUD — JOSEPH BRYAN. Daniel’s Rebecca was the daughter of Joseph Bryan and the granddaughter of Morgan Bryan. REBECCA BRYAN, possible wife of JOHN BOONE, was the daughter of Morgan Bryan, and the younger sister of Joseph Bryan. Thus, REBECCA BRYAN, possible wife of JOHN BOONE, was the Aunt of Rebecca BRYAN, wife of Daniel Boone. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>Since Daniel Boone and John Boone were first cousins, who were raised in the same household, and had homes only miles apart, this created multiple confusions in records. It is small wonder that many mistakes have compounded related to two REBECCA BRYAN BOONEs. Many of the false assertions, and obviously false evidence related to REBECCA BRYAN, Sr., are rooted in confusions between these two women. For convenience, when there is potential for confusion, I refer to the Aunt as Rebecca BRYAN, Sr.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span> The weight of evidence places REBECCA BRYAN, Sr.’s birth in Opequon, Winchester, Frederick, VA in 1735. However, she may have been born as early as 1730 or as late as 1739 </span><span style="font-size: medium;">(this later date is unlikely if she is the wife of JOHN BOONE, Sr, because she would have been only 14 at their marriage)</span><span style="font-size: large;">. Rebecca, Sr., was the youngest daughter, and possibly the youngest child born to Capt. Bryan and his wife Martha. If she is not the Rebecca who married JOHN BOONE in 1753, then there is no further record of her. No other marriage or death record that has been located for this REBECCA BRYAN. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>REBECCA DAVIS (or DAVIES) </b></span>has, in recent years become a prime candidate for REBECCA BOONE. The reports that support REBECCA DAVIS give her birth year as 1730 and the location as Rowan (now Davidson) County, N.C. This is entirely appropriate and in keeping with the marriage date of 1753 and the age of JOHN BOON, Sr. These records also give her as the daughter of Capt. Myrick (Mirick or Merrick) Davis (or Davies) a well-known resident of Rowen County. The name of REBECCA’S mother, wife of Capt. Davies, is somewhat controversial, but may have been Margaret “Margot” Lynn. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Other than the exact identity of his wife, the life of Capt. Myrick Davis is very well-documented. There is, however, a major problem with the identification of REBECCA DAVIS as the daughter of Capt. Myrick Davis — he didn’t have a daughter named Rebecca. In his will, Capt. Myrick carefully names his children and grandchildren, and there is no Rebecca an no Boone grandchildren. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Further, Myrick Davis wasn’t born until 1735, five years after the stated birth of REBECCA DAVIS. I have attempted to determine if there was a generational error. I have searched for a Myrick Davis who might have been the parent of both REBECCA DAVIS and Capt. Myrick. However, Myrick was the son of Hugh Davis, and Hugh Davis did not have a daughter named Rebecca. Hugh was he son of John Shion Zion Dafydd (Welsh spelling of David ) Davis. I have not found other children of this John, who might be parents of REBECCA DAVIS.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>There were at least one and quite possibly two Rebecca Davis’s in Rowan County, N.C. during this time period, but neither seems likely to have been born in 1730. Both are identified by marriage records that would indicate a later birth date. The first of these REBECCA DAVIS’S married JOHN VARNER on May 4, 1784. John was born in 1765, so we can assume that this Rebecca was born later than 1730. Their marriage is well-documented, as is John Varner’s life. Their oldest child, Lucy Varner is reported to have been born on Dec. 8, 1788; and their last child, Nancy Catherine Varner was born Sept 10, 1822.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The second marriage record for a REBECCA DAVIS in that area of North Carolina is dated 1824. On that date, a Rebecca Davis married a Benjamin Boone. I have 3 possible Benjamin Boones, ranging in age from 18 to 70, but I cannot identify any of these as the spouse of a Rebecca Davis.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In a couple of family tree’s, I have found a cited record for REBECCA DAVIS marrying John Boone on Oct. 24, 1787. However, when I examine a copy of this record, the name of the bride is REBECCA POTTS, not REBECCA DAVIS. As stated above, Rebecca Davis could have become Rebeca Potts through marriage, but I haven’t found records for this marriage.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In short, I haven’t found evidence for a REBECCA DAVIS marrying JOHN BOONE. REBECCA DAVIS (b.1730) could not have been a daughter of Capt. Myrick Davis (b.1735), and Myrick did not have a daughter named Rebecca of any age. There was a REBECCA DAVIS who was the wife of JOHN VARNER, and apparently a REBECCA POTTS who married a “<i>JOHN BONE</i>.”</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b></b></span><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">ANSWERS FROM GENETIC GENEALOGY</span></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span>Since we are investigating the female lines, Y-DNA does not offer answers to this problem. Mitochondrial DNA would be valuable if we could identify a daughter of a daughter of a daughter, etc. of REBECCA BOONE. However, at this time autosomal DNA is the only evidence available that might shed light on the identity of REBECCA BOONE wife of JOHN BOONE.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Charles Freeman is a 4th great grandson of JOHN. Sr. and REBECCA BOONE, and a 5th great grandson their parents (i.e. Benjamin Boone and Ann Farmer; and Morgan Bryan and Martha Stroud). He has done Y-DNA testing with FTDNA and Autosomal testing with 2 companies, including Ancestry. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Ancestry’s Thrulines suffers from a number of problems, but can be used to offer insights into the identity of REBECCA BOONE. First, it is important to keep in mind that while DNA doesn’t lie, people do — or at least people make mistakes. If several people make the same mistake in their family trees, Thrulines will reflect this agreement between trees and produce false matches deriving from the common mistake.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>For this reason, reporting the results of Thrulines for JOHN BOONE, and each of the potential REBECCA BOONES will not prove that any one of the potential Rebecca’s is the right one. All it shows is how many of those who have been tested, believe that a particular Rebecca was the wife of JOHN BOONE. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Charles shows 132 matches to living people who trace their ancestry to JOHN BOONE, Sr. Of these 25 are descended through John Boone, Jr. (Charles' direct Ancestor). The remaining 107 are descended through JOHN BOONE’S other children. This is strong evidence of Charles’ relationship with JOHN BOONE, but does not offer proof of the identity of REBECCA BOONE.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In contrast, Charles has only 109 matches with living individuals who believe they are descended from REBECCA BRYAN. These include 26 who are descended through John Boone, Jr., and 83 who are descended through the other children of JOHN and REBECCA BOONE. Again, this is almost like a vote, and only proves that a lot of John Boone, Sr.’s descendants believe his wife was REBECCA BRYAN.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">A far more revealing test, is to consider the parents of JOHN BOONE and REBECCA BRYAN. Charles shows autosomal DNA matches to 56 living individuals who believe they are descended from Capt. MORGAN BRYAN (REBECCA BRYAN’S father). Twenty-seven of these matches are through REBECCA BRYAN, and could thus be subject to error in identification. However, the remaining 29 matches are descended from siblings of REBECCA BRYAN, and not subject to a simple misidentification of JOHN BOONE’S wife. These 29 matches support the identification of REBECCA BOONE as Rebecca BRYAN. </span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">The distribution of these matches demonstrates a pattern that also conveys support for this identification. The largest number of matches to Rebecca BRYAN (10) are descendants of JOHN BRYAN. JOHN BRYAN is a brother of REBECCA BRYAN. John married SARAH HOBBS, and as it turns out, Charles is a Hobbs descendant, distantly related to Sarah. This twist demonstrates one reason why caution must always be taken in interpreting autosomal DNA results. </span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In contrast to the robust 56 matches to Morgan Bryan, Charles shows only 8 matches to living individuals who identify themselves as descendants of Martha Strode. My only hypothesis regarding this discrepancy is that many of those who identify themselves as descendants of Morgan Bryan do not list Martha Strode as his wife. We continue to explore this difference.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Similar to his matches with Morgan Bryan, Charles has 53 matches to living individuals who claim descent from Benjamin M. Boone. Of these, 36 are through JOHN BOONE, Sr., only son of ANN FARMER. The remaining 17 are descended from John’s half siblings, the children of Benjamin M. Boone and his second wife, Susannah Likins. As would be expected, Charles shows 36 matches to ANN FARMER, are all through her only son, John.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I experimented with setting up an Ancestry Tree in which Charles was descended from REBECCA DAVIS and did not find any matches with descendants of Rebecca or with descendants of MYRICK DAVIS. I did not experiment with REBECCA POTTS because I have no parents for this candidate.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">CONCLUSION</span></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span>While far from conclusive, the evidence I have accumulated to date would support the identity of REBECCA BOON (wife of JOHN BOONE) as being REBECCA BRYAN, daughter of Morgan Bryan. I eagerly await new information whether that information supports or refutes this conclusion.</span></p><div><br /></div>Frances Jackson Freeman, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/14443125000303869964noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5854257755568701611.post-58753214373910007272020-12-23T10:25:00.003-08:002020-12-23T10:27:59.845-08:00STORIES FROM SISTER<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">STORIES FROM SISTER</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #fb0007; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><i>Between1988 and 1995, two Heard Cousins, Sarah Jolie Allardyce Rhine and Frances Ruth Jackson Freeman published a Family Newsletter — </i></b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>WE HEARD </i></b></span><b><i>—for the descendants of James Addison Heard and Clora Frances Nolen Heard. Each issue included Family History, Current Family News, and Childhood Reminisces. Patricia Rogers Heard saved many copies, and recently shared these. Over the intervening 30 years, the “Current News” became reminisces, while the Reminisces became Family History. In this series of Blogs, we are reprinting materials from </i></b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>WE HEARD. </i></b></span><b><i> The original articles are printed in Black; comments and new information are inserted in Red. With thanks to Pat, who made it possible, we dedicate these Blogs to the Memory of: </i></b></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #fb0007; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><i>SARA JOLIE ALLERDYCE RHINE</i></b></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #fb0007; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i></i></b><br /></span></p><h1 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-decoration: underline;"><b>Harriet Elizabeth Heard</b></span><b> -- Sister</b></span></h1><div><span style="font-size: x-large;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_SeFUV5u_-rbV7hhl-bMldMdP8FDK0KDZ5VuJkSFJdNpW_EiXzD1Ej-uWbPLUhjvoCi8rl4Wfqeupv11i68ZfY2V_JJUG-OMIniCGyptnuIGEVAg3PvL9x-6HrzRmz3XIbtOZS6gV9YQ/s810/593.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="810" data-original-width="558" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_SeFUV5u_-rbV7hhl-bMldMdP8FDK0KDZ5VuJkSFJdNpW_EiXzD1Ej-uWbPLUhjvoCi8rl4Wfqeupv11i68ZfY2V_JJUG-OMIniCGyptnuIGEVAg3PvL9x-6HrzRmz3XIbtOZS6gV9YQ/w275-h400/593.jpg" width="275" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tommy Heard and Harriet Elizabeth "Sister"</td></tr></tbody></table></span></div><p style="background-color: white; color: #fb0007; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Harriet Elizabeth Heard was the third grandchild and first grand daughter born to James Addison and Clora Frances Nolen Heard. It was natural that she would be known to All as — “</b><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-decoration: underline;"><b>SISTER</b></span><b>.” Sister told these Heard Family stories to<i> </i></b><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>WE HEARD</i></b></span><b> in Vol. 2, No. 2, Oct. 10, 1990</b></span></p><p style="color: #a30003; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i></i></b></span><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;">Uncle France’s Haircut</span></i></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><i></i></span><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Daddy and Uncle France (<span style="color: #a30003;">in their teens</span>) were sent to town to get feed and other supplies. Daddy let Uncle France off at the barber shop and drove the wagon to the Pitkin Mercantile to pick up the order. When they met again, Uncle France took off his hat to reveal a bald head. They got home and unloaded the wagon and Grandma called them in to wash up for supper. Everyone was seated around the table and Uncle France had his hat on. Grandpa said, “<i>Take that hat off</i>.” France did, and Grandpa said, “<i>Put that hat on</i>.”</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Dad (<span style="color: #a30003;">Red</span>) said that before Uncle France got his head shaved his hair was straight, and after wearing his hat for several months his hair grew back, and it was curly.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></i></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;">Uncle Red’s Appendix</span></i></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Daddy (<span style="color: #a30003;">Red</span>) had several large deep scars on his abdomen. He said when he was 5 or 6 years old, he had a terrible stomach ache that home remedies didn’t cure. He was taken to Oakdale in a wagon. He was operated on for acute appendicitis. He said that just as his belly was opened his appendix burst and spread poison all through his abdomen. He had several bad weeks, but was lucky to live to tell the story. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">(</span><span style="font-size: medium;">Medical Note: Since Red was born in 1898, this surgery would have taken place in 1903 or 04. Only 30 years earlier, in 1874, Dr. John Erichson of University Hospital London solemnly declared the intestinal region, “<i>forever shut from the intrusion of the wise and humane surgeon</i>.” A revolution in operative technique took place between 1880 and 1900. At the turn of the century, Dr. Charles McBurney at Roosevelt Hospital, NY, was becoming famous for his new appendix incision — an incision that specifically avoided surgical rupturing a swollen, infected appendix, especially in the small abdominal cavity of a child.)</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></i></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;">Sister and the Fish Hook</span></i></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I was visiting in Pitkin when I was about 6 years old. I guess I’d gone there with Aunt Myrtis Lee or Aunt Vera or Uncle Pete or Uncle Meredith (t<span style="color: #a30003;">he Heard children who were at LSU in Baton Rouge at that time</span>). Every time a car headed to Pitkin, I hitched a ride. Uncle Alton and Uncle Lindsey were still living at home, and they hung their fishing baits on a stringer on the back porch. I knew not to touch them, but I was a hard-headed Heard, and the temptation was too great.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I climbed on a chair and was closely examining the bait when Uncle Alton came around the corner of the house and said in a read scary voice, “<b><i>Little girl, what are you doing</i></b>?”</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Well, I was scared to death and grabbed that string of baits for dear life. As luck would have it one of the hooks went straight through a little piece of skin between my thumb and forefinger.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Imagine this scene. The house is crowded with kinfolks. I was screaming. Grandpa was sharpening a straight razor. Grandma was telling him not to cut it out; and everyone had an opinion. I screamed and squirmed, and no one could hold my hand still for Grandpa to operate.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I was taken to Elizabeth (<span style="color: #a30003;">a nearby town)</span>, and every time we hit a bump in the road the hook moved and I would scream. Well, it was not major surgery, but I do still have a scar. I got an ice cream cone for being so brave.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></i></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;">Dating With Uncle Lindsey</span></i></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>My brother Tommy and I got new bicycles the Christmas I was seven and he was ten. The next summer we took them to Pitkin with us. Uncle Lindsey was the only child (16 0r 17) left at home and he was dating Bernadine Johnson.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>One Saturday night a traveling country music show was in town to perform at the Pitkin High School auditorium. Lindsey and Tommy rode double on Tommy’s bike and I rode mine, and we went to town to pick up Bernadine. We enjoyed the show and took Bernadine home. Tommy and I waited by the gate for what seemed like hours for Uncle Lindsey to say, “<i>Goodnight.</i>”</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>It was a very warm summer night, and we felt the heat as we headed home. We got to the six-mile creek bridge, and Lindsey and Tommy left me on the bridge, with the bicycles, and they took a skinny dip in the creek to cool off.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Before we got home, we stopped by Mrs. Moore’s watermelon patch and picked up two melons, just to see if they were getting ripe. We crossed the little bridge at the branch and went up next to the fence to eat the melons. We dropped the melons to open them because we didn’t have a knife. Of course they were green.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>We headed on home by the light of a very bright moon, and were met on the porch by a very upset Grandma Heard. The watermelon evidence was found the next day. I don’t remember too much about that; but I do know that the bikes did not leave the farm, and Tommy and I didn’t go dating with Lindsey again.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p>Frances Jackson Freeman, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/14443125000303869964noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5854257755568701611.post-83876833627790685022020-12-17T11:02:00.007-08:002020-12-17T15:16:15.171-08:00HEARD FAMILY HEROES -- Archie Glenn Heard<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2px;"><b><i>Between1988 and 1995, two Heard Cousins, Sarah Jolie Allardyce Rhine and Frances Ruth Jackson Freeman published a Family Newsletter — </i></b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>WE HEARD </i></b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2px;"><b><i>—for the descendants of James Addison Heard and Clora Frances Nolen Heard. Each issue included Family History, Current Family News, and Childhood Reminisces. Patricia Rogers Heard saved many copies, and recently shared these. Over the intervening 30 years, the “Current News” became reminisces, while the Reminisces became Family History. In this series of Blogs, we are reprinting materials from </i></b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>WE HEARD. </i></b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2px;"><b><i> The original articles are printed in </i></b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2px;"><b><i>Black;</i></b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2px;"><b><i> comments and new information are inserted in Red. With thanks to Pat, who made it possible, we dedicate these Blogs to the Memory of:</i></b></span><span style="font-stretch: normal; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: normal;"><b><i> </i></b></span><span style="font-stretch: normal; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: normal;"><b><i>SARA JOLIE ALLERDYCE RHINE</i></b></span></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: normal;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span></span></p><div><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;">WE HEARD</span></i></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><b></b><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>VOLUME 2. October 10, 1990. Number 2</b></span></p></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>REMEMBERING GLENN</b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span> <span> <span> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCUWBEM9ugCt0RR6Omf3rCHHLg4Ay7KCPDzceSPmxRaAwbCHTpzSpFk22Y-GkPkumXf5LuOjla1k_xRO38S8SrQEy12EBNqU5tSA3JBP6SYXENeM3TaLVeSJrVAkr7PW8HY4k7gyZGIl8/s732/Glenn+with+sisters+amd+Simmie.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="438" data-original-width="732" height="346" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCUWBEM9ugCt0RR6Omf3rCHHLg4Ay7KCPDzceSPmxRaAwbCHTpzSpFk22Y-GkPkumXf5LuOjla1k_xRO38S8SrQEy12EBNqU5tSA3JBP6SYXENeM3TaLVeSJrVAkr7PW8HY4k7gyZGIl8/w580-h346/Glenn+with+sisters+amd+Simmie.jpg" width="580" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Glenn between his sisters Vera and Myrtis Lee with brother Simmie about the time of his enlistment. He is wearing the Calvary Uniform complete with riding boots.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <span> <span> </span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> <span> <span> </span></span></span>Glen Heard was born Feb. 11, 1905, in Pitkin, LA., the fourth child and third son of James Addison Heard and Clora Nolen Heard. He finished high school about 1921, and enrolled at LSU. He left school, without giving his Mother and Father notice, and joined the U. S. Army. </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibUSfcnI51_QNFnh3jPg-EftpxnDOnemleSgtpSmHUvnk3pVporz5dlK1XlMaODS-rzLU05j_nGylWhN3-O1qP1jVk8WLcjVzTmReHQFHzR5apf1x4699h3qnvc3FSq8z9AAZTA-egOyQ/s1024/Tug+of+war+between+soldiers+at+Ft.+Sam.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="693" data-original-width="1024" height="294" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibUSfcnI51_QNFnh3jPg-EftpxnDOnemleSgtpSmHUvnk3pVporz5dlK1XlMaODS-rzLU05j_nGylWhN3-O1qP1jVk8WLcjVzTmReHQFHzR5apf1x4699h3qnvc3FSq8z9AAZTA-egOyQ/w434-h294/Tug+of+war+between+soldiers+at+Ft.+Sam.jpg" width="434" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Glenn is somewhere among the men engaged in the Tug-of War at Ft. Sam Houston</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"> <span> </span>These were the years following WWI, and Glenn was stationed at Ft. Hood, Tx, and later at Ft. Sam Houston in San Antonio, TX. He was in the U.S. Calvary. Photographs from this era show him as a handsome young man in a dashing uniform astride a big, dark horse. Some of the photos were taken on the parade grounds in the oldest portion of Ft.. Sam Houston. In one photo, his Calvary Unit is doing a mounted drill straight out of the wild west days.</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2g0l_kAicaYy9cgu7EWqTBUf1wS_DxLTApjx5vYpVa7PH_KM5p87lvxMzfGifdAOap4jSj_WOU0IXZdrdZGRAvsyc2atqeAHylU60AKITYi01l_a3lkG6sDO_klQKT2sbSKrBU8XadTI/s1024/Glenn+in+calvary.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="835" data-original-width="1024" height="326" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2g0l_kAicaYy9cgu7EWqTBUf1wS_DxLTApjx5vYpVa7PH_KM5p87lvxMzfGifdAOap4jSj_WOU0IXZdrdZGRAvsyc2atqeAHylU60AKITYi01l_a3lkG6sDO_klQKT2sbSKrBU8XadTI/w400-h326/Glenn+in+calvary.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">During Glenn's time in service, the Calvary completed the change from Horses to Motor Vehicles. This was among his photos taken at Ft. Sam Houston</td></tr></tbody></table><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf4Sxw-zC3N7EocFDvHkbRsGMYpQNRt9BpPVa36w93O2-2LssoXpW98GbXbgF56L3w2D4N509-VYiYv0JRU2jEbuSpwLwMZQPAwwMxy6bYonfaWXPsjo90hfsvWgLimOa-sVawbuLbdhQ/s521/Ruby+Lee+Deramus.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="521" data-original-width="434" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf4Sxw-zC3N7EocFDvHkbRsGMYpQNRt9BpPVa36w93O2-2LssoXpW98GbXbgF56L3w2D4N509-VYiYv0JRU2jEbuSpwLwMZQPAwwMxy6bYonfaWXPsjo90hfsvWgLimOa-sVawbuLbdhQ/w167-h200/Ruby+Lee+Deramus.jpg" width="167" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Believed to be Ruby Lee <br />Deramus about the time of <br />her marriage.</td></tr></tbody></table><span><br /> Glenn</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"> left the Army about 1935 (approximately age 30); and married Ruby DeRamus shortly after returning home to Pitkin. </span><span style="color: red; font-size: medium;"><b>(Glenn and Ruby were second cousins, sharing great grandparents in William and Caroline Jelks Jones. Louisiana Governor Sam Houston Jones was another of their mutual cousins.)</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"> Glenn and Ruby lost one baby, but were blessed with a son and a daughter, Toney and Jerrye Heard. </span><span style="color: red; font-size: medium;"><b>(Toney died young in 1998. Jerrye is a widow living in Alaska)</b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span> <span> </span></span>In 1939, as World War II was beginning in Europe, Glenn re-enlisled. When the U.S. entered the war, he was sent to England. Glenn and his youngest brother, Lindsey were in London at the same time. They visited each other one night during a bombing raid. </span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span> <span> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3XrHmCfU3yZ2bXIGZJc7n6W4SdRreCt-MWF52Ngw7pMy3lN-tbmlCKJBlzPQessXzRbQzITuDAM4Y7JScttdGyYMyoWZ9UJ81gGuamM1nGuu1n1PU_fMqB3dL2VygbYV_ilhxq8egfiE/s1024/Glenn+in+WWII.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="631" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3XrHmCfU3yZ2bXIGZJc7n6W4SdRreCt-MWF52Ngw7pMy3lN-tbmlCKJBlzPQessXzRbQzITuDAM4Y7JScttdGyYMyoWZ9UJ81gGuamM1nGuu1n1PU_fMqB3dL2VygbYV_ilhxq8egfiE/w246-h400/Glenn+in+WWII.jpg" width="246" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Glenn Heard in Airforce Uniform in WWII</td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </span></span>At </span></span><span><span style="font-size: large;">this time, Glenn was in the Army Air Corp. </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">When the Air Force was organized from the Army Air Corp, Glenn was among the very first members of that new branch of the service. </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"> Among my Mother's (Myrtis Lee Heard Jackson's memorabilia were two V-Mails from Glenn dated May 3,1944. This was only one month before the Invasion of Normandy (Operation Overlord), and a year before the end of the War in Europe. At that time Glenn, his younger brother Lindsey, his nephew Hewell, and their cousin Nolen Miller were all in England. Hewell was in the Air Force and Lindsey in the Army. All three would participate in the Invasion on June 6. Also in England at that time was my Dad's youngest brother Johnnie Jackson. Ginger, referred to by Glenn in the letter, was an Irish Setter puppy that Glenn raised and my Daddy bought from Ruby. The text below was published in the Oct. 10, 1990 Issue of <i><u>WE HEARD</u></i>. The introduction is taken from the original article.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"> <span> </span></span>For our younger readers, V-Mail was much a part of World War II. Letters written by soldiers were photocopied and reduced to film to limit the volume of mail. Letters had to be written on standardized V-Mail forms, staying carefully within margins. In the states, the printed photocopies were sent to the recipients. The name of the addressee and of the Censor who approved the information was at the top of the letter. Anything considered a security risk was blacked out by the Censor.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><span> </span><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><i>5-3-44</i></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span><i>Wed. Nite</i></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><i>Dear Sis,</i></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-style: italic;"> <span> Am sorry that I have not written sooner, but I have had my ups and downs over here the same as everybody else, I guess. But anyway, I am starting over in a new outfit. It took quite some time to get the transfer thru, but anyway I have been here over a week and am liking it better every day. Plenty of sunshine each day and best of all a sea breeze all </span></span><i>the time. It is much better than London. There is nothing that I can say in regards to your question about these air raids. Anyway since I am not in London any more I am not apt to be bothered about having to hunt a hole on account of raids.</i></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><i><span> </span><br /></i></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"> <i style="font-size: x-large;"> I was to meet Johnnie Jackson in Feb., but was on furlough myself, so did not get to see him. He left the day I got back. Yes, Nolen</i><i style="font-size: x-large;"> is over here, has been for quite some time. We were planning on meeting but don't guess we will now that I have left London.</i><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><i style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></i></div><div style="text-align: left;"><i style="font-size: x-large;"><span> <span> I hope that Jack does not have to go in June -- But still from what I read they are going to keep getting them. From what they have written me about Bob, I don't guess he will have to worry any more about himself -- other than just about getting over his troubles and then not being bothered with it again.</span></span><br /></i></div><div style="text-align: left;"><i style="font-size: x-large;"><span><span><br /></span></span></i></div><div style="text-align: left;"><i style="font-size: x-large;"><span><span><span> <span> Jack, if you breed Ginger this summer and she has a good litter, I would like a dog puppy sent down to the children. But let me tell you something, she may turn out to be a real mean with puppies. Her Mama did so. Toney was the the only person who could go to her and the puppies. So be careful with the children. I would hate to hear of her biting any of you.</span></span></span></span></i></div><div style="text-align: left;"><i style="font-size: x-large;"><span><span><span><span><br /></span></span></span></span></i></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span><span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;"> About the size of writing news, so </span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><i>good night and good luck for everyone.</i></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i>Your Bro.,</i></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i>Glenn.</i></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><br /></i></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">Letter #2 </span><span style="color: red; font-size: medium;"><b>(Written almost 2 months after the Normandy Landing. The night after he wrote this the Germans launched 316 Buzz Bombs at London. Over 100 reached their targets, including one that damaged the Tower Bridge)</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">"<i>8-1-1944</i></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i>Dear Sis,</i></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span><span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;"> Guess you often wonder what I am doing that I do not write more than I do. I just can't make myself write like I used to</span></span></span><i style="font-size: x-large;">, and it's not laziness either. I just sit around now and wonder what is going on at home. Is everyone afraid they will hurt my feelings writing me about things. . . I would like to have chicken. Also would like a carton of cigarettes. Not able to have enough now as Lindsey </i><span style="color: red; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;">(a non-smoker who gave Glenn his smokes)</span><span style="color: #4c1130; font-size: large;"> <i>is in France. As soon as I can get Hewell's address I <span style="caret-color: rgb(76, 17, 48);">plan on going up to see him -- providing he is still in England. Will try and not wait so long again.</span></i></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #4c1130; font-size: large;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(76, 17, 48);"><i>Love, Glenn.</i></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span> <span> </span></span> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;">When </span></span><span><span style="font-size: large;">WWII ended, Glenn remained in the service, making a career in the Air Force. His marriage to Ruby did not survive the stresses of the War years </span><span style="color: red; font-size: medium;"><b>(as suggested in his second letter)</b></span><span style="font-size: large;">. In 1945 Glenn married Bertha Mattis of Pitkin. They had no children, but cared for foster children while stationed in Alaska. </span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: red;">(Glenn's daughter, Jerrye Don D'Anza, and her family would make Alaska their </span></b><span style="color: red;"><b>permanent home, linking that state to his family.)</b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> <span> </span></span>After retiring from the military, Glenn and Bertha retired to Pitkin. In his retirement years, Glenn raised cattle. <span style="color: red;">For a period they lived at the farm with Grandmaw Heard, but then Glenn and Bertha built their own place behind her parent's historic "dogtrot" home near Pitkin. Though he no longer lived on the farm, Glenn cared for his Mother, visiting her every day, and helping out as needed. </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">Glenn helped his mother manage the family farm for many years. After her death, he always "</span><i style="font-size: x-large;">saw to things</i><span style="font-size: large;">" around the place, and helped keep things going for the Heard Land Corp. </span><span style="color: red; font-size: medium;"><b>(The family corporation which still owns the Heard Farm. His younger brother, Lindsey lived near by, in DeRidder, and they were close.)</b></span></div><div><span style="color: red; font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> <span> Glenn</span></span> and Bertha were very active in the Masonic Lodge, the Eastern Star and several Veteran organizations. Glenn was a Shriner. </span><span style="font-size: large;">In 1988, Glenn was honored by the Eastern Star for his many contributions to that organization. He was beloved in his community where be helped many people. </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> <span> </span></span>For many years Glenn was in charge of the cemetery at Blue Branch (where many of our family are buried). He took great pride in "<i>keeping things up</i>."</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> <span> </span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"> <span> <span> The last </span></span>year of Glenn's</span><span style="font-size: large;"> life was spent in the Veterans Administration Medical Center Nursing Home in Alexandria, La. He was a favorite of the nurses and therapists, and enjoyed long reminisces about the War with other veterans. </span><span style="color: red; font-size: medium;"><b>(While Glenn was in the nursing home, Bertha passed away. The husband of Glenn's niece, Charles Freeman, was director of the VAMC while Glenn was a resident)</b></span><span style="font-size: large;">. </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> <span> </span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> <span> </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">Attending the 1989 Fall Heard Family Reunion was very important to Glenn. He looked forward to the evert, and told nurses, and his therapist about the reunion afterward. </span><span style="color: red; font-size: medium;"><b>(Glenn passed away on Nov. 15, 1989, a month after his last reunion.)</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> <span> </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">Glenn Heard traveled and saw more of the world than any of his brothers and sisters, but in the end, he was the only one to return to Pitkin to make his home. Even as the anniversary of his death approaches, his presence is very much felt. Of all of us, Glenn was the most faithful in attending the biannual family reunions. When any of the family went to the farm to hunt or work, or just visit, Glenn was always there. Most of us will never visit the Farm without feeling Glenn is there, in spirit and in our fond memories. </span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: medium;">(30 years later, the Heard Family still gathers at the farm and we always know Glenn is there with us.)</span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>_______________________________________________________________</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"> The following is taken from the December, 1988 Issue of <u style="font-style: italic;">WE HEARD.</u> This was written a few months before Aunt Bertha's death, and slightly less than a year before Glenn's passing. This is an example of the "Current News" articles carried in the newsletter.</span></b></span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="color: red; font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> News From Glenn</span><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b> </b>Uncle Glenn is presently in the Nursing Home of the Veteran's Administration Hospital in Alexandria. He was able to spend the Thanksgiving Holidays at home. He has been able to go home about every other weekend, and Aunt Bertha comes to the hospital each Thursday or Friday.<br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"> <br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"> Controlling his blood sugar and blood pressure levels is critical, and the Nursing Home provides this aspect of his care. He said that Aunt Bertha was ill the weekend after Thanksgiving, but she was better when she visited this past Thursday. </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"> For several months he was prevented from going home because he was having "<i>spells," </i>which included blacking out. He has not had one of these "spells" for several months. He has given up smoking, and this may have helped his circulation.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span><span style="font-size: x-large;">Last spring and summer several members of the family including Myrtis Lee, Addie, Sara Joe, Meredith, Bette Lois, and Lois visited him, but he has had few visitors in the last months. The holidays are a hard time to be away from home, and cards and letters would certainly be appreciated. These can be addressed to Genn Heard, Nursing Home, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Alexandria, LA 72301.</span><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><span> </span></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div></div>Frances Jackson Freeman, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/14443125000303869964noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5854257755568701611.post-44876614260992140142020-12-16T08:09:00.003-08:002020-12-16T08:09:51.484-08:00HEARD FAMILY HEROES -- Hewell Heard<h2 style="margin: 0px; padding: 6pt 0px 0px 43pt; text-indent: 0pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: times; font-size: small;">James Hewell Heard was born Jan. 7, 1922 in Alexandria, La. and died Sept. 12, 2003 in Hodge, La. He was the son of Francis Hewell Heard and Bessie Laura Welch; the husband of Helen Mary Ellen Wingert; and the father of James Hewell Heard, Jr., Michael Francis Heard, and Robin Elizabeth Heard. He was the oldest grandson of James Addison Heard and his wife Clora Frances Nolen. Hewell was considered a "hero" in a family that sent a dozen sons and grandsons to fight in WWI and WWII. This story is written by his son James "Jimmy" Hewell Heard, Jr. </span></h2><h2 style="color: #323131; margin: 0px; padding: 6pt 0px 0px 43pt; text-indent: 0pt;"><br /></h2><h2 style="color: #323131; margin: 0px; padding: 6pt 0px 0px 43pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">HEWELL HEARD'S MILITARY CAREER</span></h2><p style="color: #2d2b2b; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0pt;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></p><div><span style="font-family: Times;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Times;"><span style="font-size: large;"> <span> <span> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9flBiYTnmuNos7tIRAz_9g2HgPYI745eexzV3zJfIhZEBPFHKEjiIGZpcIc0KV7jedgS26SVC4j9wJQGmp1uMx3kZ_tYbf91-pSkWg3tc2v0qV4o_GBWEUmX4MwB65mLY3Lpn0B7uqDQ/s242/Screen+Shot+2020-12-16+at+9.52.54+AM.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="242" data-original-width="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9flBiYTnmuNos7tIRAz_9g2HgPYI745eexzV3zJfIhZEBPFHKEjiIGZpcIc0KV7jedgS26SVC4j9wJQGmp1uMx3kZ_tYbf91-pSkWg3tc2v0qV4o_GBWEUmX4MwB65mLY3Lpn0B7uqDQ/s0/Screen+Shot+2020-12-16+at+9.52.54+AM.png" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hewell Heard at LA Tech</td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </span></span>Hewell Heard was an engineering student in his Junior year at La.Polytechnic Institute when the U. S. entered into WWII. At the end of the semester he enlisted in the Army Air Corp. After Basic training he was accepted into Pilot Training. He completed primary flight training and soloed. About this time he was told that if he continued pilot training he might miss the war. If he went to navigation school, he was sure to see action. He decided to leave pilot training and attend navigation school at Randolph Field in Texas.<br /></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-weight: normal;"><span> <span> </span></span>After completing navigation school, he was ordered to Rapid City, S. D and was assigned to a B-17 crew. His fiance, Helen Wingert traveled by train to Rapid City and they were married.</span><span style="font-family: Times;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span><span style="font-family: Times; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-weight: normal;"><span> <span> </span></span>He was assigned to the James D. Taylor crew and they were given a new B-17 to deliver to England, They flew to Greenland, then Ireland, and then England. They were assigned to the 95th Bomb Group, 336 Squadron based in Horham. The 95<span class="s2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: 3pt;">th</span> was the first BG to bomb Berlin.</span><span style="font-family: Times;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span><span style="font-family: Times;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times;"><span> <span> </span></span>He went to sleep that night thinking he would look over the base and the town the next day. Instead he was awakened at 4 AM and told to put on his flying clothes since he was flying that day, He got dressed and went to briefing thinking a mistake had been made. At briefing he was told he was replacing a navigator who had appendicitis.</span><span style="font-family: Times;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span><span style="font-family: Times; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-weight: normal;"><span> <span> </span></span>So he joined the J. L. Walker crew on a mission to Rahmel, Germany. They continued flying east to Poltava, Russia. The next day they bombed a target at Trzebinia, Germany and returned to Poltava. The next day they bombed a target in Poland and flew on to Foggia, Italy. Four days later they bombed an airfield in France and returned to Horham. Each leg of this shuttle mission counted as a mission. He rejoined the Taylor crew who were still waiting for a B-17. He had 4 missions completed while the rest of the crew had none. At this time 25 missions completed a combat tour. A few months later this was changed to 35.<br /></span><span style="font-family: Times;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times;"><span> <span> </span></span>His 21<span class="s5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: 3pt;">st</span> mission was to Mantz, Germany. On the return trip the airplane was hit by flak in the No. 2 engine. Oil pressure was lost and the pilot was unable to feather the prop. The engine caught fire and the pilot ordered all enlisted men to bail out. He told Hewell and the bombardier that he saw a possible site for a crash landing about 20 miles ahead and they needed to drop the ball turret from the airplane. The bombardier went forward to destroy the bombsight. Hewell looked out and saw </span><span style="font-family: Times; text-indent: 0pt;">the fire had gotten much worse. The pilot rang the bailout alarm and Hewell stepped to the rear door and jumped. He landed okay in a French farmyard. A young girl brought him a glass of wine. He learned that he was behind the German lines. Members of the French resistance hid him. Several </span><span style="color: #2d2b2b; font-family: Times; text-indent: 0pt;">days later, they dressed him in a nun's habit and he walked through the German lines until he ran into the American infantry. They put him on a truck to Paris. He returned to Horham a few days later.</span><span style="color: #2d2b2b; font-family: Times; text-indent: 0pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: #2d2b2b; font-family: Times; text-indent: 0pt;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #2d2b2b; font-family: Times; text-indent: 0pt;"><span> <span> </span></span>The entire crew returned safely on October 16, 1944. They continued to fly missions </span><span style="font-family: Times;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span><span style="font-family: Times;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times;"><span> <span> </span></span>On the morning that he left on that 21<span class="s6" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: 3pt;">st</span><span class="s7" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span>mission, a ground crew member approached him and handed him a twenty pound note to repay a loan. Hewell told him to keep it until he returned but the man said he might lose it in a poker game and put it in a zipper leg pocket on Hewell's flight suit where it was quickly forgotten. He had given the French family his parachute and all the money in his escape kit in appreciation for their help. He arrived in Paris on a Sunday and none of the American offices were open. He was hungry and broke so he started walking. He saw an American officer at a sidewalk cafe having wine and cheese . He introduced himself and told himhis story. The man told him to sit down, have some wine and cheese and they would figure out what to do next. Then Hewell remembered the twenty pound note in his pocket. They called the waiter over and asked if he could convert it to French currency. He said that he could not but knew where he could do it. He returned a short time later and handed Hewell a big wad of French currency. He went to a hotel, cleaned up, ate a big meal, and visited several bars and then went to bed. When he returned to England, he went to the currency exchange to exchange the French money for British. They gave him twenty-two pounds.</span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span><span style="font-family: Times;"><span> <span> </span></span>Hewell flew his thirty-fifth mission on January 23, 1945 and was immediately shipped back to the states. The pilot had given a package to deliver to his wife in Lynchburg, Virginia. When he arrived there, Mrs. Taylor told him that the J.D. Taylor plane had been shot down on its 34<span class="s6" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: 3pt;">th</span><span class="s7" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span>mission. No survivors were reported. A few months later the Red Cross reported that the entire crew was in POW camps and later liberated.<br /></span><span style="font-family: Times;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times;"><span> <span> </span></span>Hewell was posted to Selman field in Monroe, Louisiana where he was a navigation instructor. When the war ended, he stayed in the Air Force Reserves until he retired with the rank of Major.</span></span></div>Frances Jackson Freeman, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/14443125000303869964noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5854257755568701611.post-46744992513112015802020-12-15T18:40:00.006-08:002020-12-15T18:40:54.042-08:00CHRISTMAS AT THE FARM<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">CHRISTMAS AT THE FARM</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 26px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 18px; text-align: center;">Memories Within Memories</p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2px;"><b><i>Between1988 and 1995, two Heard Cousins, Sarah Jolie Allardyce Rhine and Frances Ruth Jackson Freeman published a Family Newsletter — </i></b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>WE HEARD </i></b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2px;"><b><i>—for the descendants of James Addison Heard and Clora Frances Nolen Heard. Each issue included Family History, Current Family News, and Childhood Reminisces. Patricia Rogers Heard saved many copies, and recently shared these. Over the intervening 30 years, the “Current News” became reminisces, while the Reminisces became Family History. In this series of Blogs, we are reprinting materials from </i></b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>WE HEARD. </i></b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2px;"><b><i> The original articles are printed in </i></b></span><span style="color: black; letter-spacing: 0.2px;"><b><i>Black;</i></b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2px;"><b><i> comments and new information are inserted in Red. With thanks to Pat, who made it possible, we dedicate these Blogs to the Memory of:</i></b></span><span style="font-stretch: normal; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: normal;"><b><i> </i></b></span><span style="font-stretch: normal; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: normal;"><b><i>SARA JOLIE ALLERDYCE RHINE</i></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;">WE HEARD</span></i></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><b></b><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">VOLUME I. December, 1988. Number 2</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">A CHRISTMAS MEMORY</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiigtvoNcjzdU-kMz-wpaPR0n4pKBTKXZ9uCY0LvXSbZQJfz9zPEP9fbz1VnfTCKtjrWYO7G8gSW17-ySZcoMIUgP97lNvRittj2RWPfI6vZip6S1TnWKuBwppuwmpdIDHQkOPviigJU1I/s300/colors+in+flames.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="168" data-original-width="300" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiigtvoNcjzdU-kMz-wpaPR0n4pKBTKXZ9uCY0LvXSbZQJfz9zPEP9fbz1VnfTCKtjrWYO7G8gSW17-ySZcoMIUgP97lNvRittj2RWPfI6vZip6S1TnWKuBwppuwmpdIDHQkOPviigJU1I/w400-h224/colors+in+flames.jpeg" width="400" /></a></b></div><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><br /></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b style="font-size: 14px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: large;">For all the early years of my life, </span><span style="color: #e6000e;"><span style="font-size: medium;">(1940-1957)</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"> Christmas Day was spent at Mawmaw and Pawpaw Heard’s farm. There was always lots of love, food, and cousins. I cannot remember much about presents — being together seemed the point, and the joy, of those holidays. I recall only one very special gift — Aunt Vera brought me a puppy so small she carried it in her pocket.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: x-large; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;">There were always great meals, including Christmas dinner, but somehow Grandma’s wonderful breakfasts are best remembered. To me, they were an impossible extravagance. I can visualize the loaded table. In the center was a huge platter of quail, fried a golden brown </span><span style="color: #e6000e;"><span style="font-size: medium;">(the Uncles had hunted the day before)</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">. Sometimes tender young squirrel would be similarly lightly breaded and fried, but more often, the squirrel would be stewed with a rich light gravy in which tiny fleets of pepper floated. Sugar cured ham, sliced thin, and browned in its own juices would cover another plate, and by its side would be a bowl of redeye gravy. </span><span style="font-size: x-large;">Beside this ham was a dish of unsurpassed delight.</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span><span style="font-size: x-large;">To prepare it, Grandma took red sweet potatoes baked to creamy softness, sliced them lengthwise, and butter-browned the slices to a golden crispness.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: x-large; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;">But the star of every breakfast was Grandma’s biscuits. For many years after she had an electric range, she kept the old wood stove in her kitchen, strictly for baking </span><span style="color: #e6000e;"><span style="font-size: medium;">(and keeping the kitchen warm)</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">. There was an assortment of wonderful things to eat with the biscuits. Big cakes </span><span style="color: #e6000e;"><span style="font-size: medium;">(pressed circles,1/2 lb. each)</span></span><span style="color: #e6000e; font-size: x-large;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;">of pale yellow, freshly churned butter sat beside fig and pear preserves (and of course apple butter for John </span><span style="color: #e6000e; font-size: x-large;">Ballis</span><span style="font-size: large;">). I especially liked to cover a biscuit with gravy and then pour fresh ribbon cane syrup over the whole. One of the cousins christened this combination, a “</span><i style="font-size: x-large;">mess</i><span style="font-size: large;">,” but it tasted better than it looked.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>At Grandma’s table, you didn’t ask for simply “<i>milk.</i>” You had to specify whether you wanted “<i>sweet</i>” milk or the thin, bluish “<i>buttermilk</i>” with specks of butter still floating in it.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Other more traditional “<i>breakfast</i>” foods were there, but in quantities that made them seem strange. Huge bowls of scrambled eggs, grits, or oatmeal appeared and were refilled as they emptied. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: x-large; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;">There was one dish I never tasted. I didn’t like the look or the aroma or even the name. I encountered this dish again, many years later, at Sunday brunch at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel. The chef called it “</span><i style="font-size: x-large;">clotted cream;</i><span style="font-size: large;">” Grandma Heard called it “</span><i style="font-size: x-large;">clabber.</i><span style="font-size: large;">” </span><span style="color: #e6000e;"><span style="font-size: medium;">(It looked and smelled the same.)</span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><br /></span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #e6000e; font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">In the evenings we would gather around the fireplace in the living room </span><span style="color: #e6000e;"><span style="font-size: medium;">(It was the only warm room in the house.)</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">. We would strip the outer coating, and chew freshly-cut sugar cane, then throw the pulp into the fire. None of the modern chemical salts can recreate the colorful flames that spewed from that burning pulp. Sometimes we would shell and eat nuts, reserving some for pies and cakes. Mawmaw would serve rich, creamy eggnog </span><span style="color: #e6000e;"><span style="font-size: medium;">(nog reserved for adults)</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">; and everyone would tell wonderful stories. </span><span style="color: #e6000e;"><span style="font-size: medium;">(Oh how I wish I could hear those stories again.)</span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><br /></span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Part of the excitement (at least for the children) always centered on the sleeping arrangements. At least once during the evening one of the Uncles would announce that there were not enough beds and the children who fell asleep first would be hung up on coat hooks for the night. For years I believed the viability of this threat, mostly because I never could figure out where we would all sleep.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: x-large; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;">When the size of the crowd permitted, the kids slept four to six to a bed. Mawmaw achieved economy by making our bed up sideways, after all, we weren’t very long. (</span><span style="color: #e6000e;"><span style="font-size: medium;">We slept cross-wise.</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">). I feel great sympathy for anyone who has never spent the night snuggled in a warm bed with four or five cousins. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>When there weren’t enough beds, the left-over kids slept on pallets on the floor in the warm living room. As the fire burned slowly down, we whispered and giggled. At fairly regular intervals some parent would shout out a warning of the dire consequences that would certainly follow if we did not quiet down and go to sleep. When things got out of hand, we would hear a pair of feet hit the floor. By the time the overhead light in the living room went on, we would all be still as mice, pretending deep slumber.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: x-large; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;">Florence (</span><span style="color: #e6000e;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Adele Heard Larguier</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">) inherited the family gift of story-telling. She spun the most exciting, never-ending tales, transmitted in a terse whisper in the semidarkness of the flickering fire, over the background ticking of the big old mantle clock.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: x-large; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;">When the crowd was “</span><i style="font-size: x-large;">too large,</i><span style="font-size: large;">” some of the older cousins were occasionally lent out to neighbors. When Sara and I were in our early teens, our “</span><i style="font-size: x-large;">turn</i><span style="font-size: large;">” came. We were sent to Aunt Bertha’s parents’ home on a bitter cold December night. This past summer, we revisited that old house, now vacant. Like most old Louisiana homes it was built with more concern for summer heat than for winter cold. </span><span style="color: #e6000e;"><span style="font-size: medium;">(It was a Dog-Trot, with the center hall extended to form a long porch with a room on one side.)</span><span style="font-size: large;">. </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">The spare bedroom was located off an open porch. It not only had cross ventilation, it had floor ventilation, through quarter-inch spaces between the floor-boards. The only place colder that that bedroom was the outhouse, that could only be reached by venturing across an unfamiliar, frozen wasteland. When I hear someone grow nostalgic about the “</span><i style="font-size: x-large;">good old days,</i><span style="font-size: large;">” I remember that night and shake my head in appreciation of central heating and indoor plumbing. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: x-large; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;">However, I would be more than willing to live that miserable night again if it could be preceded by an evening around that fire and followed by one of MawMaw’s holiday breakfasts. </span><span style="color: #e6000e;"><span style="font-size: medium;">(Indeed, I would trade everything to see those dear faces and hear again their voices.)</span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span><br /></p>Frances Jackson Freeman, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/14443125000303869964noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5854257755568701611.post-65547173308403858032020-12-02T11:16:00.062-08:002021-03-08T09:34:45.123-08:00GENEALOGY DETECTIVES WANTED -- Connection or Coincidence: A Tale of Two Couples<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 28px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b>CONNECTION OR COINCIDENCE?</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b>The Adams & Hobbs Families of Natchitoches Parish</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><i>A DNA MYSTERY</i></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 23px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>IN SEARCH OF DETECTIVES —</b></p><p style="background-color: #fb0207; color: #cccccc; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><u><b><span style="font-size: large;"> TENATIVE CONCLUSION</span></b></u></p><p style="background-color: #fb0207; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Helvetica Neue";">Based on the best Evidence uncovered </span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Helvetica Neue;">today, these two Adams-Hobbs marriages appear to be marriages of UNRELATED individuals. The Geographic closeness of the two families appears to be COINCIDENCE. If you find contradictory evidence, please contact the author at francesfreeman7@me.com </span></b></span></p><p style="background-color: #fb0207; color: #cccccc; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b>March, 2021</b></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px; text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px; text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><span><br /></span></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><span><span> <span> </span></span>In the closing decades of the 19th Century (1870-1900) </span><span>we find</span></span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjK8v5-jMrcvJKnDR7YXpXzuQ8mUFJFYt2CylH9NVgQwGyrKAtua0VI4g4LWweGDb-pCIw9Z57T38V4Q93rIhyrrsVsHuK-LvGiKwRpbjUThGS5RjZ_AU_-p5YCsb0Og5Ln_9bpyRX4_II/s485/John+Walton+Adams-2.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><img border="0" data-original-height="485" data-original-width="291" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjK8v5-jMrcvJKnDR7YXpXzuQ8mUFJFYt2CylH9NVgQwGyrKAtua0VI4g4LWweGDb-pCIw9Z57T38V4Q93rIhyrrsVsHuK-LvGiKwRpbjUThGS5RjZ_AU_-p5YCsb0Og5Ln_9bpyRX4_II/s320/John+Walton+Adams-2.jpg" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">John Walton Adams</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><span> two couples with similar names living in Natchitoches Parish. The older couple were my great, great grandparents, <b>Levi Annison Adams</b> and his wife, <b>Nancy Ann Hobbs.</b> The younger couple were <b>John Walton Adams</b> and his wife <b>Cynthia</b> </span><span>(sometimes spelled Sinthia or Cenethia)<b> Clementine Hobbs.</b><span> Both couples had sons named </span><b>Francis Marion Adams</b><span> (and called </span><b>Frank</b><span>). John Walton Adams, was orphaned when he was an infant, by his father, also named </span><b>Francis Marion Adams</b><span>. Levi’s Mother was named </span><b>Rachael</b><span> and John Walton Adams had an Aunt </span><b>Rachael.</b><span> </span></span></span><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><br /><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"></span></span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSS16-3qEtVRzcVoqB2O6D7tde1VdsUmYwVZ_4zXf0lfiBfeVz0R_gkmQENJnMBN_rCOp_jEeZtr0-0onBMvIjtrEj6G_Ix50IlV49wJyz6H9XHKuW8sc-zMmY7u6S6lGL6ZzOpicc95M/s437/Levi+Annison+Adams.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="437" data-original-width="407" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSS16-3qEtVRzcVoqB2O6D7tde1VdsUmYwVZ_4zXf0lfiBfeVz0R_gkmQENJnMBN_rCOp_jEeZtr0-0onBMvIjtrEj6G_Ix50IlV49wJyz6H9XHKuW8sc-zMmY7u6S6lGL6ZzOpicc95M/w186-h200/Levi+Annison+Adams.jpg" width="186" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Levi Annison Adams</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: large;"> <span style="font-family: times;">Levi and John Walton are both from Adams families that trace to the Carolinas; while both of their Hobbs wives are from Hobbs families that trace to early Virginia. However, based on the current accepted genealogies for these two couples, there is no connection (at least within 4 generations). However, if either genealogy contains errors, it is possible that the connections suggested by the names (and their proximity) could be real. </span></span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span><span style="font-family: times;">This is a mystery that can be solved by a simple comparison of the DNA of one or more descendants of the couples. <b>Therefore, the OBJECTIVE OF THIS BLOG is to find descendants of John Walton Adams and/or descendants of Cynthia Clementine Hobbs Adams who have taken or are willing to take DNA tests in order to determine such relationships</b></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">. </span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"> A number of the over 100 descendants of Levi Annison Adams and Nancy Ann Hobbs Adams have already been tested </span><span>(actually different descendants have been tested by different companies including Ancestry DNA, Family Tree DNA, 23 and Me DNA, and My-Heritage DNA).</span><span style="font-size: large;"> Comparisons can be made as soon as descendants of John Walton and Cynthia are identified and tested.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span> <b>We are asking those who read this Blog to help us find descendants of John Walton and Cynthia Clementine Adams.</b> If you think you know a descendant, please pass this Blog on to them. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><i>"Gone to Texas"</i></b></span><b style="text-align: left;"><i> </i></b></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: x-large;"><b style="font-style: italic;"> </b> </span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">The westward migration, from the Atlantic to the Mississippi, was primarily accomplished by movements of families. But many of the early settlers of Texas were male adventurers striking out on their own. The phrase "</span><i style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">Gone to Texas</i><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">" was too often the mantra of families that lost contact with their sons. To a marked extent, Spencer Hobbs (the father of Nancy Ann Hobbs) and Levi Annison Adams (her husband) fit into this adventurer category. When we first encounter them in the official records of Texas, they are not associated with any relatives or family. In each case, we have had to struggle to connect these young men with their families. </span></span><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"> After years of working through "<i>brick walls</i>," I believed I had connected each of these men to their "roots." With the advent of DNA, we have been able to "<i>test</i>" the hypothesized genealogical connections. With both Levi A. Adams and his father-in-law, Spencer Hobbs, our success has been mixed. In each case, DNA proves we have connected them to the right families. Levi is clearly descended from his grandfather and his great grandfather. The same is true for Spencer</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: large;"> Hobbs. He is clearly descended from his parents, grandparents and great grandparents. The residual problem for each man is similar. We do not know which son Levi descends from? That is, which of Levi's grandfather's sons is Levi's father? With Spencer, the question is -- Which of his parents' sons is he? He is their son, but which one. For each man multiple DNA matches confirm the family line, but we are unable to specify exact identity. Any new information, including relatives in Louisiana, would offer new evidence and possibly solutions</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span> I have told the story of <b>Levi and Nancy</b> in an earlier blog (<a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2017/01/levi-annison-adams-and-nancy-ann-hobbs.html"><span style="color: #073a6c;"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2017/01/levi-annison-adams-and-nancy-ann-hobbs.html</b></span></a>). I tell the story of John Walton in the last section of this Blog. However, in order to facilitate the primary objective of the blog, I am listing below known descendants of John Walton and Cynthia, in hopes a casual reader will see a familiar name.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">DECEASED Descendants of </span></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">John Walton ADAMS and Cynthia HOBBS</span></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Louis Edgeton Adams</b> (1880-1944) born in Winn Parish died in Natchitoches Parish Married <b>Ida Hall</b> (they had 8 children). (Ida and <b>Tei J. Hall</b> who married Louis’ brother Frank were sisters so their children are double first cousins.)</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Mary Melinda Adams Evans </b>(1881-1947) born in Winn and died in Bossier City. Married <b>George Emery Evans</b> (they had 3 children)</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Francis Marion “Frank” Adams</b> (1884-1951) born Saline and died in Nacogdoches, TX married <b>Tei J. Hall</b> (they had 4 children) <b>Ida HALL</b> and Tei J. Hall were sisters so their children are double first cousins. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Lawrence Malcom “Mack” Adams</b> (1888-1959) born in Natchitoches and died in Bossier. Married <b>Emma Gertrude Stewart.</b> (They had 4 children). He remarried <b>Addie Martin </b>(no children)<b>.</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span><b><span style="font-size: large;">Marcel Leoma “Omie” Adams Rayburn </span>(or Rayborn)<span style="font-size: large;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: large;">(1891-1932) born in Chestnut, Natchitoches and died in Winnfield. She married </span><b style="font-size: x-large;">Jesse Elige Rayburn</b><span style="font-size: large;"> . (They had 4 children).</span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>In total</b>, the 5 children of John Walton Adams and Cynthia Hobbs Adams had 23 children who may have left children who could be living today, and may have living descendants. I am listing below some of those who are deceased. I have tried not to include the names of living individuals in order to respect their privacy.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Harold Coy Adams </b>(1906-1973) Nacogdoches married <b>Ila Flo Christopher</b> (1906-1994)</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Robbie Adams Stone </b>(1926-2009) In some genealogies Robbie is descended from Levi A. Adams rather than John Walton Adams. This is because of the matching names of the two <b>Francis Marion “Frank” Adams</b>, sons of Levi and John Walton.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Gladys Fleeta Adams Parrish</b> (1912-1975) Married <b>Billy Virge Parrish</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Louie Mae Adams Bass</b> (1914-2002) Married <b>Robert Ernest “Jack” Bass</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Fitz Guy Adams </b>(1917-1996) Married <b>Opal Katherine Murrell</b> (1922-2017)</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Berdine Adams </b>(1919-2008)</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Glayds E. Adams</b> (1908-1986)</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Blanchard Bethay Adams</b> (1910-1993)</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Myrtis Adams </b>(1913-?)</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Malcolm L. Adams, Jr. </b>(1925-1996)</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Michael Dean Adams </b>(1957-1995)</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Robert Lynn Adams </b>(1958-1996)</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Hazel Rayburn Smith </b>(1913-2000)</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Polly Rayburn </b>(1916-2009)</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Ruby Rayburn </b>(1917-?)</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Katherine Rayburn</b> (1919-1932)</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Sunshine Evans </b>(1916-1983)</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Joye Arline Evans </b>(1921-2009)</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: x-large; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">While the descendants of <b>John Walton Adams and Cynthia Clementine Hobbs</b> are the primary focus of this detective story, if a DNA connection is found, interest will shift to the other children of John Walton Adams and Cynthia Hobbs (and to their half siblings). Therefore, we offer further information about John.</span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">The Story of John Walton Adams</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-family: times;"><b>John Walton Adams</b> may have been the only child of his father, <b>Francis “Frank” Adams</b> (1798-1858). However, Frank was 58 when he married John’s mother, and over those 58 years, he had traveled from South Carolina to Mississippi to Louisiana. If Frank had a prior marriage and/or children, I have not found records. </span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span> </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggczB-8DG-CGbPrB7Z-VFmXpEvFKymjcr1d5nBynpKd2BSmuoO3qYNlfd8Z2GAY-bVci81w3MsGC9-l3HEvl2ybEYpm2Yd2DbrqclTSye8AmXJD41r-9gLqusVyj0ky7NQD3CbNqCwKX0/s605/Mary+Jane+Houston+Adams+Williams.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="605" data-original-width="579" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggczB-8DG-CGbPrB7Z-VFmXpEvFKymjcr1d5nBynpKd2BSmuoO3qYNlfd8Z2GAY-bVci81w3MsGC9-l3HEvl2ybEYpm2Yd2DbrqclTSye8AmXJD41r-9gLqusVyj0ky7NQD3CbNqCwKX0/s320/Mary+Jane+Houston+Adams+Williams.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mary Jane Houston Adams Williams<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: large;"><br />When Frank Adams married on Nov. 20, 1856, his bride was 17 year-old Natchitoches native, <b>Mary Jane Houston</b> (1839-1925). Their only child, <b>John Walton Adams </b>was born on Sept. 14, 1857, shortly before his father’s death on Jan. 11, 1858.</span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>On the eve of the Civil War, 19-year-old, <b>Mary Jane Houston Adams</b> found herself a widow with a young son. She would not remarry until after the end of the war, when she was 26 and Frank was 7. Her second husband was <b>Henry Clay “Harry” Williams</b>. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJUBgddgKz2XByOjxmh-wEqpdN0GRfycbtwW377aWcIqLqBJdbBMikWB_g89VD8m-WYKWwCM2kAgEMOk9OEfRxeYrS-zbSWuiY2DllaG8-eTy22WLqdQBTUtDN1cbZI1qhY6f-n5BpnX4/s304/Harry+Williams.png" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="304" data-original-width="246" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJUBgddgKz2XByOjxmh-wEqpdN0GRfycbtwW377aWcIqLqBJdbBMikWB_g89VD8m-WYKWwCM2kAgEMOk9OEfRxeYrS-zbSWuiY2DllaG8-eTy22WLqdQBTUtDN1cbZI1qhY6f-n5BpnX4/s0/Harry+Williams.png" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Henry Clay "Harry" Williams<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"><br /></span><b>Mary Jane and Harry Williams</b> had four children, three of whom lived to be adults. Their children (<b>John Walton Adams’ half siblings</b> ) were:</span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b>Charles Wesley “Charlie” Williams</b> (1866-1937). 1 child</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b>Mary Jane Ulah ”Ninnie” Williams Bullock</b> (1867-1937) 11 </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b>Laura Virginia “Sallie” Williams McCurley</b> (1873-1954). 2 </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW5Ymq2bnRgaCN0_Gquka9Fk6_PldFs6ocDtf4U2f_J6PzHo_FlsOnc7Y5D1choylZ3cTrPj4SxKnz_TgklDPHD3LTYlBapdoyWdi_U2PoTlauNUnuzii-Rx3Ri3iiauZNh_2uICS27eQ/s639/Laura+Virginia+%2522Sally%2522+Williams.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="639" data-original-width="413" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW5Ymq2bnRgaCN0_Gquka9Fk6_PldFs6ocDtf4U2f_J6PzHo_FlsOnc7Y5D1choylZ3cTrPj4SxKnz_TgklDPHD3LTYlBapdoyWdi_U2PoTlauNUnuzii-Rx3Ri3iiauZNh_2uICS27eQ/s320/Laura+Virginia+%2522Sally%2522+Williams.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Laura Virginia "Sally" Williams</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-family: times;"><b>John Walton Adams</b> was not fortunate in his marriages. He would bury two wives, <b>Cynthia Clementine Hobbs </b>(1849-1902) and <b>Juanita “Oneta” Frith</b> (sometimes listed as Freeman) (1874-1909). His third wife <b>Ada Rebecca Bumgardner </b>(1875-1963) outlived him.</span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>He was 21 when he married <b>Cynthia Clementine Hobbs</b> (1849-1902) on March 28, 1878, in Bienville, Louisiana. His bride was 8 years older, and a widow with a 5 year-old son, <b>Matthew Morris (Maurice) Martin</b>. Together John and Cynthia would have seven children before her death in 1902. These are listed and discussed above.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The widower married <b>Juanita “Oneta” Frith</b> a year later in Bienville, LA. The bride was 29 and the widow of <b>Eddie Hester Robbins</b>. She had one son, <b>Wiley Wells Robbins </b>(1890-1968). There is some question regarding her last name. It is given as both Frith and Freeman. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Juanita and John Walton Adams had three daughters over the course of their six-year marriage. The eldest, <b>Mattie Jane Adams</b> died as an infant. The second was <b>Dezra Mae Adams </b>(1907-1997). Records on Ancestry show her married to <b>J. E. Rayburn </b>but this could be a confusion her with her half-sister <b>Leoma Adams</b> who married <b>Jesse E. Rayburn</b>. Both half sisters are listed as the mothter, of <b>Polly Rayburn</b>. I have not been able to understand these confusing records. The third daughter, <b>Willa V. Adams </b>(1909-1976) married <b>Zera Carson Wayland</b>. They had one daughter, <b>Jewell Oneta Wayland</b> (1927-2016), who married <b>Leonard Clarence Carter</b> (1925-2012).</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8L_6AkbcBa0c2cblFRl63ezWm_tlKwXhqHOKWe0CQQW7dmP9JaWm4kW2oRXcDouPSi33mZPNMn3NWG55R-AxeGeS65fOpxoxgnq_H0CxNY1UJu1AoxgCubeOtiTttV1bJ129gGryzllo/s605/Ada+and+John+Walton+Adams.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="605" data-original-width="579" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8L_6AkbcBa0c2cblFRl63ezWm_tlKwXhqHOKWe0CQQW7dmP9JaWm4kW2oRXcDouPSi33mZPNMn3NWG55R-AxeGeS65fOpxoxgnq_H0CxNY1UJu1AoxgCubeOtiTttV1bJ129gGryzllo/s320/Ada+and+John+Walton+Adams.jpg" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><br />The 53 year old widower married for the third time in 1910. It was the first marriage for his 35 year-old bride, <b>Ada Rebecca Bumgardner</b> (1875-1963. Over the following 6 years, the couple would have 3 sons: <b>Urah Zenas Adams </b>(1910-?), <b>John Walton Adams, Jr</b>. (1914-1937), and <b>Harley Howcott “Howie Adams</b> (1916-1969).. I have not found records for children of any of these three sons. </span><div><span style="font-size: large;"><span> <span> </span>Shortly before his death, John Walton Adams swore out an affidavit, specifying the names of each of his children, and identifying their mothers. </span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><b><i>If you can help with our mystery, please leave a comment on this Blog. You can also contact me through my Ancestry Tree, "Frances' Family History" or through Face Book.</i></b></span></span><br /></span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /></div>Frances Jackson Freeman, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/14443125000303869964noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5854257755568701611.post-4010013123993361482020-11-07T09:41:00.010-08:002021-03-08T09:25:32.714-08:00FROM BUILDING TO BEQUEATHING: My Involvement in Genealogy & How You Can Participate<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: x-large;"><b>FROM BUILDING TO </b></span><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: x-large;"><b>BEQUEATHING:</b></span></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: x-large;"><b>My Involvement in Genealogy & How You Can Participate.</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">OCTOBER 29, 2020 </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSEfOnZh7qkMOjxQISKkrkNBDpSXx6KmTeS2TDz1creEpk7IgYhOF95xgBRyWUvYgrfCi0e8Lzq6ZdwuvAZjLfGpO934717Do_h8lQuwA1fb28xnAGyR3Sx7oVyG_FecYQ80nmYAK4nT0/s468/IMG_1385.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="426" data-original-width="468" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSEfOnZh7qkMOjxQISKkrkNBDpSXx6KmTeS2TDz1creEpk7IgYhOF95xgBRyWUvYgrfCi0e8Lzq6ZdwuvAZjLfGpO934717Do_h8lQuwA1fb28xnAGyR3Sx7oVyG_FecYQ80nmYAK4nT0/s320/IMG_1385.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsA5DWclEx25pKKHguFkjqwaMfYSA9W55ZrqYZP3_R8X2WRxWe-uRTOUmL3FWKnX1RXiDIFa0Jwlxyv5rRBn5tH7KxX5U07xkAA2T93yJA4Wr912Pbm2uL6ky06soonJOlNi3Y01K4b5Q/s2048/0004.jpeg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1638" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsA5DWclEx25pKKHguFkjqwaMfYSA9W55ZrqYZP3_R8X2WRxWe-uRTOUmL3FWKnX1RXiDIFa0Jwlxyv5rRBn5tH7KxX5U07xkAA2T93yJA4Wr912Pbm2uL6ky06soonJOlNi3Y01K4b5Q/w160-h200/0004.jpeg" width="160" /></a></span></div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;">Today is the 81st anniversary of my birth, and I am writing this to and for my children, my grandchildren and their children; and for my beloved cousins and their prodigy and their nephews, nieces, and cousins. In short, I’m writing it for my FAMILY. I love you one and all. I love those I know well, and those I will never know, or meet on this side of Jordan. </span><div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>And on this day I want to exchange Birthday Gifts. <b>Your birthday gift to me will be for you to read this</b> <i>(I am a teacher, and some of it will be boring, but you can skip around)</i>; <b>my gift to you is what I know about our family</b> — the people and their stories — and how I can share these. I have a wonderful past; you have incredible futures; together we can unite the two.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFYI3ZAFMscIA4AFkdaU8x9yA7KhipJRm_1oZuYWtEeefrym39jqi1txm76rtvhgty01DUDDD7eVgm-xfTcMcAFmY4Hh2D2zSVrswMq6Y2Cb6p_F-wFwcoFIM1f3bmd_0AC3fQH2YRRvI/s500/IMG_1341.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="393" data-original-width="500" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFYI3ZAFMscIA4AFkdaU8x9yA7KhipJRm_1oZuYWtEeefrym39jqi1txm76rtvhgty01DUDDD7eVgm-xfTcMcAFmY4Hh2D2zSVrswMq6Y2Cb6p_F-wFwcoFIM1f3bmd_0AC3fQH2YRRvI/w320-h253/IMG_1341.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><i><span style="font-size: large;">“God put me here to accomplish certain things; </span></i></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><i><span style="font-size: large;">Im so far behind, I can’t die”</span></i></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><i><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></i></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></i></b>For many years I believed that old joke. I had too much left to do to bother dying. Well, 2020 has shown me that I might be wrong. I don’t have <b>infinite</b> time (however long or short), it is <b>finite</b>, and I must use it to get a few things finished. Most important is to pass on what I have spent decades learning. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>The following is about HOW I got into this genealogy stuff; and HOW YOU would prefer to receive my gift. It is my desire to pass some portion of the information I have gathered on our “<i>common ancestors</i>” to each of you. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLajdMhbiiz6TKx630YLVrdkzVX8riWVT375V-56p6mMk6OCz-U20sU6-Xk0p91EVX0HAGKZbMRAGfDPHUYZ_HcWGzrUObh-ax9wfjx2_tCrxDTPDjh5MziY0oQ-2-HZ54X9VlUJuskCI/s545/IMG_1370.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="389" data-original-width="545" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLajdMhbiiz6TKx630YLVrdkzVX8riWVT375V-56p6mMk6OCz-U20sU6-Xk0p91EVX0HAGKZbMRAGfDPHUYZ_HcWGzrUObh-ax9wfjx2_tCrxDTPDjh5MziY0oQ-2-HZ54X9VlUJuskCI/w320-h228/IMG_1370.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>There are many ways I can give you this information, and I want you to choose the information and the format you prefer. I’ve been thinking about this for a while, but I am counting on you to give me new ideas, and inspiration as we work together. I know I must give you something you want, or it will be wasted, so I’m giving it my best, and hoping you will let me know what works for you. <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>Please note</b></span>, if you do not read at least part of this Blog, you are automatically cut out of my will.</span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">A Family of Story Tellers</span></b></h2><div><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKokosdvIT_qoWnweclE6WHmpfxULt73H-E1WRd_HID3oQe0xGAc6AtM_j1G3m34NhsY17dVo0m06KG9yx8I5Jesvv_i5hbKs4SYx38g_ejiBkKXY_zQu0lFbFiy3OqkfLPW3CYClAhoo/s1125/IMG_1339.jpeg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="686" data-original-width="1125" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKokosdvIT_qoWnweclE6WHmpfxULt73H-E1WRd_HID3oQe0xGAc6AtM_j1G3m34NhsY17dVo0m06KG9yx8I5Jesvv_i5hbKs4SYx38g_ejiBkKXY_zQu0lFbFiy3OqkfLPW3CYClAhoo/s320/IMG_1339.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div></b></div><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I grew up in a family of story-tellers — my uncles, aunts, cousins — all told stories (God Bless ‘Um). We sat in front of the stove or fireplace in the winter, or on the swing or the front porch steps in the summer, and listened and absorbed those stories. Then I married, and my husband’s family told stories. In the long summer days, and cold winter evenings, everyone competed at telling the funniest, most outlandish, scariest stories, and we laughed, and the children’s eyes grew big. Those were wonderful stories about amazing times; about people I never knew, but whose lives contributed to, and created, my own. It is sad that families today seldom gather to share stories because scientists tell us that <a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2011/06/family-history-power-of-stories.html"><span style="color: #fb0207;"><b>Family stories</b></span></a> play a critical role in self-perception, and the development of personal values and goals (I wrote the Blog in the link above on this topic) .</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5ISoK9CtjSdiV_07sSgo4LyHTRXmHUvoACDjfQq30fu0FZc1Ftff8jfmtF79ktHW4eDbJFarcU_9p6CrnaJHbiziEyOUNqT3M0feeASdEKOCj6hFcJ09ycfGXPuBiIsOlod-_a2aXhpA/s1125/IMG_1337.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="487" data-original-width="1125" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5ISoK9CtjSdiV_07sSgo4LyHTRXmHUvoACDjfQq30fu0FZc1Ftff8jfmtF79ktHW4eDbJFarcU_9p6CrnaJHbiziEyOUNqT3M0feeASdEKOCj6hFcJ09ycfGXPuBiIsOlod-_a2aXhpA/s320/IMG_1337.jpeg" width="320" /></a></span></div><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>The Genealogy Bug</b></span> — Within each of my families, there was a genealogist or family historian, who collected the <i>“facts”</i> on which all those stories were based. In my <b>Mother’s family</b>, it was my Aunt <b>Elizabeth McKnight Heard</b>. About 1952 or ’53, I found a <b>Heard Family Genealogy</b> that Aunt Elizabeth had created, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimeograph"><span style="color: #fb0207;"><b>mimeographed</b></span></a>, and distributed to each of the 12 families. I was enthralled. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>This Heard Family Tree started with my Grandfather and went back 5 generations to the early 18th Century when the first Heards arrived in North America. The Family came from the village of <a href="http://oneillcountryhistoricalsociety.com/history/eglish-heritage-trail/"><span style="color: #fb0207;"><b>Anglish</b></span></a><b> </b>(or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yu8Ig6ZlIPE"><span style="color: #fb0207;"><b>Eglish</b></span></a>) on the banks of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Blackwater_(Northern_Ireland)"><span style="color: #fb0207;"><b>Black Water River</b></span></a><span style="color: #fb0207;">,</span> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dungannon"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>Dungannon</b></span></a> in <a href="https://www.ireland.com/en-us/destinations/northern-ireland/county-tyrone/"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>County Tyrone</b></span></a> in Northern Ireland about 1720. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: large;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_62kyvsnu4dwH79mvZ9Wl3eBPTS0osERLHfrjhJTv27CIt9tan3uYQpQ2TWAt_XnWf8MnFKs6gQXDkqTuMzIiueVrTmljfyiebBUJiEpIEJ3ejT_ZNE_7i3WZrkHt3uOKE-21ejahbrY/s467/tyrone.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="414" data-original-width="467" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_62kyvsnu4dwH79mvZ9Wl3eBPTS0osERLHfrjhJTv27CIt9tan3uYQpQ2TWAt_XnWf8MnFKs6gQXDkqTuMzIiueVrTmljfyiebBUJiEpIEJ3ejT_ZNE_7i3WZrkHt3uOKE-21ejahbrY/s320/tyrone.gif" width="320" /></a></span></div><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>For each Generation, Aunt Elizabeth had a Family Page that showed all the children and who they married and when and where they were born and when and where they died. Aunt Elizabeth also carefully documented the sources of the information contained in that record. My Mother let me keep that genealogy (as long as I took care of it). Someday, one of you will find the elusive Irish records of <b>John Heard</b> and his wife (believed to be <b>Margaret O’Neil</b>) and their sons.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6_g9cf5gL9s9it4sgyaPS7uCIULqIT191xEauAbTRdblZlRwsnTDahod77AWqGkiyq3NFSR1GevwEsuHwkggpBrDJFgpwutGmN9m87Fg-xOuSudC9ifqVTs6y21Eka5xYvCZ7XmG1fL4/s960/IMG_1357.jpeg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="820" data-original-width="960" height="171" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6_g9cf5gL9s9it4sgyaPS7uCIULqIT191xEauAbTRdblZlRwsnTDahod77AWqGkiyq3NFSR1GevwEsuHwkggpBrDJFgpwutGmN9m87Fg-xOuSudC9ifqVTs6y21Eka5xYvCZ7XmG1fL4/w200-h171/IMG_1357.jpeg" width="200" /></a></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>That mimeographed document was a better start than I knew then. Many years later, when I made my first visit to a genuine “<i>Genealogy Library,”</i> the first book I pulled from the shelves was edited by Harold Heard, and within it was a Chapter written by Elizabeth McKnight Heard. It was my mimeographed genealogy published in a <i>“real</i>” book, and there was my name. If you want to read more about the<b> </b><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2018/01/heard-family-research-resources-heard.html"><span style="color: #fb0207;"><b>Resources for Heard Family Research</b></span></a><span style="color: #fb0207;">,</span> I wrote a blog on that subject.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: x-large; white-space: pre;"> </span><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>In my <b>Jackson Family</b>, the family historian/genealogist was my Aunt <b>Cecil Jackson Murphy</b>. Aunt Cecil had a much harder job than Aunt Elizabeth. There were no published genealogies, or professional genealogists to help find the way; a critical courthouse had burned; and only one single name — <b>Stephen Pugh Jackson </b>— linked us to our Jackson Ancestors. But that didn’t stop Aunt Cecil. She used every tool available in the mid to late 20th century to trace our family. While she never broke through to discover our Jackson line, she traced other ancestors, including the <b>Dean </b>Family and the <b>Milam </b>Family. </span><span style="font-size: x-large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwSU20aEgCc1j25vQ8wXlqxR-RngUDy89MsTRQtkUZ7QUHizXLealaEiGzI8UxzKlqaoDxsaq2t7CCwdpa7XLy5R2ypvQO4qZ4e28HDOFyxivwsiVS965vqprdJnhipczpvvHG5u74iNE/s1110/IMG_1364.jpeg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1110" data-original-width="935" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwSU20aEgCc1j25vQ8wXlqxR-RngUDy89MsTRQtkUZ7QUHizXLealaEiGzI8UxzKlqaoDxsaq2t7CCwdpa7XLy5R2ypvQO4qZ4e28HDOFyxivwsiVS965vqprdJnhipczpvvHG5u74iNE/w169-h200/IMG_1364.jpeg" width="169" /></a></span></span></div><span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;">Cecile achieved her primary goals of proving our descent from multiple Revolutionary War Patriots, and becoming a member of the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daughters_of_the_American_Revolution" style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR)</b></span></a><span style="font-size: large;"> and the </span><a href="https://www.colonialdames17c.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=1" style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>National Society of Colonial Dames of the 17th Century</b></span></a><span style="font-size: large;">. In the course of her work, she collected boxes of letters, and copies of records, and some wonderful photographs. </span></span></div><div><i>(For those of you who never knew my Cecil, it may help to know that she lived in Natchitoches -- setting for <u>Steel Magnolias</u> -- and that her home was down the street from Truvy Jones' (Dolly Parton) beauty shop, where she had her hair done weekly. She is purportedly Robert Harling's model for Caralee Belcher (Olivia Ducacus), but some feel she may have also contributed to Weezer (Shirley MacLaine).)</i></div><div><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> <span> </span></span>As Aunt Cecil approached the age I have now reached, she suffered from the same quandary — what do I do with all this <i>“stuff”</i> — all this <i>“knowledge.” </i>Well, Aunt Cecil’s solution was straight-forward — Frances Ruth. Give it to her. During her life, Aunt Cecile got me involved in her research, and before her death, she gave me some of the materials she had collected, and the photograph of her great grandmother — Sarah Katherine Hamous Adams. I never knew what happened to the remainder of her materials, but their loss was a good lesson for me. I learned that what is precious to one person is often junk to others. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoxos20uvyg3wVcfI2JWGiMLCX78gfbEDsuHr8AvjO6Zc6bQPrVELNn15M7PnFVOlPQV5589g9zxgOLyn0yGMevZ1_NjRLeyT9yMK4bTdZtN17I4hjynOOnyAtLB6wQAHJSL4b79zxm9E/s396/IMG_1380.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="396" data-original-width="367" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoxos20uvyg3wVcfI2JWGiMLCX78gfbEDsuHr8AvjO6Zc6bQPrVELNn15M7PnFVOlPQV5589g9zxgOLyn0yGMevZ1_NjRLeyT9yMK4bTdZtN17I4hjynOOnyAtLB6wQAHJSL4b79zxm9E/w186-h200/IMG_1380.jpeg" width="186" /></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: x-large; text-align: left; white-space: pre;"> </span></div><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqkAGmJa3ytdaUjmYyRGswnHdljSqEZd-E18Sf03ZZlFK69TVfwJXIqS_ZRT5shzsXQRTFmD-oD2lxClPYXmFTfKtdUi0T3qTiEXT0E9WGdyfTmKFzN70Xm-TkecXvvnLb20fhkbd0Ju8/s960/IMG_0586.jpeg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="720" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqkAGmJa3ytdaUjmYyRGswnHdljSqEZd-E18Sf03ZZlFK69TVfwJXIqS_ZRT5shzsXQRTFmD-oD2lxClPYXmFTfKtdUi0T3qTiEXT0E9WGdyfTmKFzN70Xm-TkecXvvnLb20fhkbd0Ju8/w150-h200/IMG_0586.jpeg" width="150" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: large;">Now I am burdened (not only with passing along my work) but with passing along the work others have passed to me. I really want to share more about the family members who have passed their work to me and inspired my interest in genealogy. I want to recognize my <b>Adams</b> cousins <b>Sara Glenn Adams Wren</b> and <b>Doris</b> <b>Lela Adams Brogan</b>, who discovered that our <b>Hamous</b> Family was actually the <b>Polhemus</b> Family; four generations of my <b>Jones</b> Cousins (<b>Sam Houston</b>, <b>Robert</b>, and <b>William Jones</b>), who are still discovering the truth about our mysterious <b>Jones</b> forebears (now using DNA); Charles’ Cousins, <b>Edna </b>and<b> Sue Oates</b> and <b>Norman “<i>Sonny</i>” Mayfield</b>, who researched the<b> Nunley </b>Family; and <b>Gregg Davies,</b> who continues to collaborate with me on our <b>Cox </b>Family. Then there are the kin I never met in persons but who gave us so much. They include <b>Gloria Schouw Reck,</b> who taught me about our <b>Lindsey</b> Ancestors; <b>Joyce Perkerson Poole,</b> who literally wrote the book on the <b>Heards</b>; and <b>Merrill Hill Mosher</b>, who did the same for the <b>Freeman</b> Family. </span></div><div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: x-large; white-space: pre;"> </span><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuhipAOPcIY_Q6NScDRb9lq4zVOQqtmKUeGO87TjIjpERGVm6EsRUgxqeTc8AtqtMU21jMbJHcIb7W-zljHFtbFZCRWEk5ARwtU0aagQPY9tyfqHikiqLr8xt2Tk5fFw70uRifbgTBJKU/s1125/IMG_1368.jpeg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="817" data-original-width="1125" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuhipAOPcIY_Q6NScDRb9lq4zVOQqtmKUeGO87TjIjpERGVm6EsRUgxqeTc8AtqtMU21jMbJHcIb7W-zljHFtbFZCRWEk5ARwtU0aagQPY9tyfqHikiqLr8xt2Tk5fFw70uRifbgTBJKU/s320/IMG_1368.jpeg" width="320" /></a></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>Most recently, I have been buried in trying to understand what DNA can tell us about our Family, and how best to use this new tool. Y-DNA allowed us to break through Aunt Cecil’s brick wall to find our Jackson Ancestors. Elated by this accomplishment, I wrote a Blog for family members wanting to know more about<span style="color: #e6000e;"><b> </b><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2018/03/using-dna-to-understand-our-family.html"><b>Using DNA for Genealogy Research</b></a></span>. If any of you are interested in pursuing DNA genealogy, I am eager to collaborate.</span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-DnxnImFGVickpUOybmDPpfdzaolGmvrXZTT2-kS_fqAADOgcWsPtOLZoPV7SQnfZ9uCak6izeXageCaFbCPgu6q1KA9Az1gaa7lCU5S037AYiCJg62EIildZ_fnjGxhNg_D_ZXuYRUE/s638/IMG_1386+2.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="368" data-original-width="638" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-DnxnImFGVickpUOybmDPpfdzaolGmvrXZTT2-kS_fqAADOgcWsPtOLZoPV7SQnfZ9uCak6izeXageCaFbCPgu6q1KA9Az1gaa7lCU5S037AYiCJg62EIildZ_fnjGxhNg_D_ZXuYRUE/w320-h186/IMG_1386+2.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>PASSING IT ON</b></span> — Now, I am sure that among my many relatives, there may be one or more who will someday be bitten by the “<i>genealogy bug.</i>” But I am not sure how to find the “<i>lucky</i>” one, nor can I wait for the “<i>bug</i>” to bite. Therefore I am determined to share information far and wide, so that <i>“when” </i>one of you is interested, you will be able to find your start in what I have left. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>If you are absolutely certain you will never have an interest in traditional genealogy, you may want to jump to the end, to read the section on <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>“Special Projects</i></b></span>.” This last section may be the most valuable portion of the Blog, and I encourage you to read it even if you skip the rest.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>As general background, and to give you more perspective, I have listed below some links to information on <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>WHY GENEALOGY?</b></span></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 9px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.familysearch.org/blog/en/family-history-2/"><b>https://www.familysearch.org/blog/en/family-history-2/</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 9px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genealogy"><b>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genealogy</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 9px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.genealogyintime.com/articles/why-genealogy-is-important.html"><b>http://www.genealogyintime.com/articles/why-genealogy-is-important.html</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 9px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/beastly-behavior/201801/the-meaning-and-meaninglessness-genealogy"><b>https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/beastly-behavior/201801/the-meaning-and-meaninglessness-genealogy</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 9px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://news.legacyfamilytree.com/legacy_news/2016/03/why-do-we-do-genealogy.html"><b>https://news.legacyfamilytree.com/legacy_news/2016/03/why-do-we-do-genealogy.html</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrhLMqDIQkMyqfNKgNsbGREd2PX2doXSvw-1NxxsjaX4DOA1oi4rOu0jLiTO1v2Qmt0dsqv1ePqgjwp17TKXvqqmwy-EqwGk6rWoAZ_aCCjIoCY7KJX22jijRTupsYm1Sh1VaCOTDT51c/s1242/IMG_1338.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1203" data-original-width="1242" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrhLMqDIQkMyqfNKgNsbGREd2PX2doXSvw-1NxxsjaX4DOA1oi4rOu0jLiTO1v2Qmt0dsqv1ePqgjwp17TKXvqqmwy-EqwGk6rWoAZ_aCCjIoCY7KJX22jijRTupsYm1Sh1VaCOTDT51c/s320/IMG_1338.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">HOW MUCH DO YOU WANT?</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>THE BARE-BONES TREE (Essential Genealogy — Who, Where, When)</b></span> — </h2><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM3-oTLKJ7k6g65d6Y3_Tra-fcx5PGmNbqxEyG5c37ORnAuckQROHGB9MUuWSZFbjAN41HJ4S-JSdIh9Mjhzdntdd6jeeF_krquL8WikqFSWHuDznpWgiwyGRWvgTX00bhk1iOUG2NmUc/s500/IMG_1358.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="377" data-original-width="500" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM3-oTLKJ7k6g65d6Y3_Tra-fcx5PGmNbqxEyG5c37ORnAuckQROHGB9MUuWSZFbjAN41HJ4S-JSdIh9Mjhzdntdd6jeeF_krquL8WikqFSWHuDznpWgiwyGRWvgTX00bhk1iOUG2NmUc/s320/IMG_1358.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU6njjB7vHeP8jWKa1tesZDcGavG5Rl2LOORr-4ER74rFGBjS3NKVpBKztQ2mZM-W26FUgLvb8FVYNLxW_AKpYvVxDDjejkcp3TzcSOcALjfnFtcIlLL7wMR7Ge19q68norObGMiC0QZY/s960/IMG_0596.jpeg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span><span style="font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">The basic Family Tree includes <b>Who, Where, When</b> for all of the critical <b>Events and Relationships</b> in a person’s life. That is, Name, Birth (date and place), Marriage(s), Spouse(s) (names with dates and places), Children (names, with dates, and places), and Death (date and place and burial place). Extra information may include military service, church membership, work, or activities, places of residence, etc. The best Family Trees also include <b>sources</b> and <b>evidence</b> (how do we know and can prove the names, places, dates and Relationships in the genealogy). While we talk about the tree containing our “Ancestors,” the trees also include the children and sometimes grandchildren of our direct ancestors, increasing the number of people in a tree. In an era of handwritten, typed, printed, or even photo-copied <b>paper-based </b>genealogies, the Bare-Bones Versions were standard.</span><span style="font-size: x-large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>How Much Information Can You Expect in YOUR Bare-Bones Family Tree? </b></span></span></h2><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimAQcY4wDSAH4Jl9aSv4PTcAcq0KXod5jZFuOksk6xXpPFTk_sadc2kIVhkVZkig57zcbo_QNueo01XmwkopFZD_LLH9ttxduKmXDwNlbGcfbvoCmnsjShgDAHtQUgfcaJ-L94WRR2pjs/s200/heruli_medium.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"> </a></div><span style="font-size: large;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPpzfJM9pTUD9-ZgHrNhV5ba56-J1Jg9Bkd7soMEIivgxDanB37-OxUAQtoLV3z-lWxBgAfz1AP_lm6qJkIqIbrn2kEJWIRUyhVyxIWcpXxwjeZXwVzjvQBqZAvEY5QGRkgP_FpYhOEl4/s960/IMG_0596.jpeg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="720" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPpzfJM9pTUD9-ZgHrNhV5ba56-J1Jg9Bkd7soMEIivgxDanB37-OxUAQtoLV3z-lWxBgAfz1AP_lm6qJkIqIbrn2kEJWIRUyhVyxIWcpXxwjeZXwVzjvQBqZAvEY5QGRkgP_FpYhOEl4/w150-h200/IMG_0596.jpeg" width="150" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">J. R. Mueller<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span> </span>“<i>Well</i>”, as they say,” <i>that depends</i>.” In my master Tree File (called <b>Frances’ Family History</b>), as of today (Oct. 29, 2020), I have <b>21,126 people</b>, with <b>6,362 marriages</b>, spanning <b>63 generations</b>. The most recent entry (<b>John Christian Mueller, JR</b>) was born in 2016 and the earliest entry (<b>Hutterus Heruli</b>) was born in 15 AD. There are <b>126,648 facts</b> associated with these individuals, and <b>7,166 sources</b>. <br /><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_hnWRK0K8cNAj00fnWR_xPKwdrN720fq65Rj110LejlXjpGOvHJl7qUBG7tcvRPZTIvyWT7to8wfMlB1QVGbWbqL92-pytWVxN7bBapXPQl_cwHvn8g1woVfP6_uQ-mesSsL41GZBRIg/s200/heruli_medium.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="114" data-original-width="200" height="182" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_hnWRK0K8cNAj00fnWR_xPKwdrN720fq65Rj110LejlXjpGOvHJl7qUBG7tcvRPZTIvyWT7to8wfMlB1QVGbWbqL92-pytWVxN7bBapXPQl_cwHvn8g1woVfP6_uQ-mesSsL41GZBRIg/w320-h182/heruli_medium.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hutterus Heruli<br /></td></tr></tbody></table></span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span> </span>Some may find the numbers surprising, but just consider the following chart, and realize just how many ancestors each person accumulates over only a few generations.</span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif5oQB0mNXMKEMNHnW7VYiHjMWUnjkJTjKbjPKt1QxS9KsvdhjaXPt2D7DmhFtWGh472TKRxoBhNiRh0AseQKAAzgfTv-luluAJNK7ezFqmwH7JrX32t1KIxU6bXttANGAe4xPFWXwoyQ/s720/IMG_0873.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="720" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif5oQB0mNXMKEMNHnW7VYiHjMWUnjkJTjKbjPKt1QxS9KsvdhjaXPt2D7DmhFtWGh472TKRxoBhNiRh0AseQKAAzgfTv-luluAJNK7ezFqmwH7JrX32t1KIxU6bXttANGAe4xPFWXwoyQ/s320/IMG_0873.jpeg" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiV0eObEEGdV_MC-TvL1obDMo3Ps25RslWRco2esklDvFBEuuXLrr1AYiMOgSfJYeT_x9h_rO0l2R0epCdExEf7hjm7xKsjhP784-_CG7NMVkKMxWN8kfe5T0Fi9-JH4hLwiKOC1RAqUbM/s2048/0001.jpeg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1639" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiV0eObEEGdV_MC-TvL1obDMo3Ps25RslWRco2esklDvFBEuuXLrr1AYiMOgSfJYeT_x9h_rO0l2R0epCdExEf7hjm7xKsjhP784-_CG7NMVkKMxWN8kfe5T0Fi9-JH4hLwiKOC1RAqUbM/s320/0001.jpeg" /></a></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span> <span> My</span></span> tree covers the Ancestors of <b>Charles</b> and <b>Frances</b> as well as our grandchildren (so it includes the Ancestors of our sons-in-law) and our great grandson (so it includes his father’s family). It also includes the ancestors of my brother<b> Jacky’s</b> children and grandchildren. Therefore, about 8,000 of the 21,000 are my ancestors and about an equal number belong to Charles. The remaining 6,000 or so belong to the spouses of our children and grandchildren, as well as the ancestors of our cousins (i.e. <b>Lemoine</b>,<b> Page</b>, <b>Nelson</b>, <b>DeRamus</b>, <b>Allerdyce</b>, <b>Miller</b>, <b>Mayfield</b>,<b> Hobbs,</b> etc.).</span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> <span> </span> </span>Recently, I have created some trees for individual relatives, and these can give you an idea of how the big tree breaks down. The Tree created for my<b> Heard</b> Cousin, <b>Danielle Rhine</b> has <b>5,215 people</b> which includes our <b>Heard</b>, <b>Nolen</b>, <b>Jones</b>, and <b>Lindsey</b> Ancestors as well as some of her <b>Allerdyce</b> Family. The Tree created for my great nephew,<b> Brody Jackson</b> has <b>7,414 people</b> which includes <b>Jackson</b> and <b>Heard</b> Ancestors as well as many of his Mother’s Ancestors. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>In contrast, the <b>McGrade</b> Family Tree, created for my deceased son-in-law <b>Stephen McGrade</b>, contains only <b>106 people</b> (so far). The Tree for my son-in-law <b>Angel Perez</b> includes <b>525 people</b>, and was created almost entirely using DNA matches. The Tree for my <b>Jackson</b> cousin <b>Henry Lemoine</b> includes our <b>Jackson</b>, <b>Adams</b>, <b>Polhemus</b>, and <b>Frederick</b> families as well as his<b> Lemoine</b> Ancestors. It totals <b>6,131 people</b>. I have not done any recent trees for Charles’ family members, but those who share his <b>Freeman</b> and <b>Nunley</b> Ancestors can expect about 7.000 ancestors while those who are <b>Nunley</b> can anticipate about 4,000 and those who are <b>Freeman-Boone</b> will have about 3,000.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>If you request <b>Your Bare-Bones, Essential Family Tree</b>, extracted from my records, you will have probably receive between 100 and 8,000 ancestors spanning 5 to 60 generations. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>THE ELABORATED FAMILY TREE (Genealogy Plus Family History) </b></span>—<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: x-large;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></h2><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF9paQAgjIAgqpDhtupCtTt6djSFTWlmLRMHJJX45V0IqzYmUWnubufraaJdQHoD2xATBll2b7GSfsm8_R1EY4DIs9hwo6AOme06smSzpxlh7CPucSqzObYKZZQEZYuneNJcv7_uJcSY8/s402/IMG_1335.jpeg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="402" data-original-width="402" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF9paQAgjIAgqpDhtupCtTt6djSFTWlmLRMHJJX45V0IqzYmUWnubufraaJdQHoD2xATBll2b7GSfsm8_R1EY4DIs9hwo6AOme06smSzpxlh7CPucSqzObYKZZQEZYuneNJcv7_uJcSY8/s320/IMG_1335.jpeg" /></a></span></span></span></div><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span> </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">The advent of digital media has expanded our concept of the “<b><i>Family Tree</i></b>.” A digital (on-line or computer-based) genealogy file can include, photos, documents, newspaper clippings, tombstone images, photo copies from Bibles, books or other publications, images of military records, as well as stories and drawings, audio recordings, video recordings, and a wide variety of other content. From these collections of digital files, a wide variety of graphic displays can easily be constructed and printed or shared in digital format. </span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>For example, for the 21,126 individuals in <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Frances’ Family History</i></b></span>, we have 18,717 photos, 4,432 stories, 56,000 citations, 7,166 sources, and 30,542 media items. Needless to say, photos and media items greatly increase the size of genealogy files (mine is measured in gigabytes).</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>To give you some idea of how these break down, the <b>McGrade Family Tree</b> with 106 people has 74 photos and 0 stories; <b>Danielle’s Tree</b> with 5,215 people has 7,142 photos and 251 stories; <b>Brody’s Tree</b>, with 7,414 people has 10,342 photos and 486 stories. When considering the category <i>“photos,</i>” keep in mind that photocopies of birth certificates, census or military records, Coats of Arms, etc. are counted as photos. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>If you want the details and the media that make the <b>Elaborated Family Tree</b> larger and more interesting, you will need to make more effort to receive all of the available information.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwBOf3VKL4XIwSw2CYoP8jwcWdKHur7H_F_4RZ4A5xe3y0oEK2NpcWdBoKwsJca49dDI2ymTrQmvcA8WfYnKZCWDbiq8o4ymQZIPNsMmRqs53vw0Exlm3VnC31ls5vZNauN6BU5ksJRt8/s1125/IMG_1382.jpeg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1107" data-original-width="1125" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwBOf3VKL4XIwSw2CYoP8jwcWdKHur7H_F_4RZ4A5xe3y0oEK2NpcWdBoKwsJca49dDI2ymTrQmvcA8WfYnKZCWDbiq8o4ymQZIPNsMmRqs53vw0Exlm3VnC31ls5vZNauN6BU5ksJRt8/s320/IMG_1382.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>THE FAMILY HISTORY (Putting the Stories Together)</b></span> — </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In my conceptual world, <b>the family history</b> includes the information from <b>the genealogy</b>, but presents. the materials as stories in a narrative within historic, geographic, and cultural settings. I confess, that in recent years, I have grown more interested in writing Family Histories than in expanding my Family Tree. I am hoping to turn the pursuit of our ancestors over to a new generation, while concentrating on writing (and possibly someday publishing) Family History. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I wrote my first family history 30 years ago (1990) after spending time in Germany chasing down the <b>Rev. Johannes Theodorus Polhemus</b>. I gave xeroxed paper copies of that first effort to my Jackson family members. I am throughly disillusioned with that experience, because I can’t find a single surviving copy. Similarly, Sara Jo and I published a <b>Heard Family Newspaper,</b> circulating copies that included both current news and Family History articles. I can’t find any of these either. I hope that I will have greater success with the current endeavor.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>If I have time and strength, and you have interest, I will compile collections of these Blogs into e-books appropriate for different branches of the family. I readily admit that your interest will be the primary determinant in which stories are written and published first. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>At the End of this Blog, I give links to some of the 34 Blogs in which I have written episodes of Family History, or other information about Family History. I have organized these in a rough alphabetical listing.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b></b></span><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinGC9BKH0sM6QLQ9tTDDA-io8-hRsbv1aBWbjvu0nW8iqVM7aT4BiqQfESqQg5n3wd03PdQJ7QI2YoNu6YEgF3zfKPLNIiQmNc_hG-pgQEL3P4XdI7bf4fRBHEz8jqpOIZE-QUXsTVYz0/s1200/IMG_1365.jpeg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1006" data-original-width="1200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinGC9BKH0sM6QLQ9tTDDA-io8-hRsbv1aBWbjvu0nW8iqVM7aT4BiqQfESqQg5n3wd03PdQJ7QI2YoNu6YEgF3zfKPLNIiQmNc_hG-pgQEL3P4XdI7bf4fRBHEz8jqpOIZE-QUXsTVYz0/s320/IMG_1365.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>A Work In </b><span style="text-decoration: line-through;"><b>Process </b></span><b>Progress</b></span></h2><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>You might as well know the bad news up front. <b>Genealogy and Family History are ALWAYS Works in Process. </b>By their nature, they are <b>NEVER COMPLETE</b>. There is always more to be done; more to be discovered; more to be investigated; more corrections to make; more people to add (with marriages and births). </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>And speaking of <b>CORRECTIONS. I DO NOT GUARANTEE THE ACCURACY OF MY RESEARCH.</b> What I have is the<b> BEST</b> I am able to ascertain <b>AT THIS TIME</b>.<b> </b>With new techniques, new information, new sources; revisions will need to be made. I have carless errors, typos, misprints, and just <b>plain old mistakes.</b> YOU ARE EXPECTED TO CORRECT my mistakes (Not give me a hard time about them). I am a poor old lady; I am eager to know what you discover, but I don’t have time for complaints or criticism — just fix it. However, don’t make changes just because my work doesn’t agree with someone else (I may be right).</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b></b></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtKCmXV7VklBvLFzDQqibrrzyzQ_PF7OKHSJF6OXcHR5lDVnNJZloaFOFD8TxqFrVrpdT60UUX_6XS5bS1ubvlTvU3-AplLgx31wA2ybeEj6QZ6ADxWRGz-s86p2u2ksN8Wq5xsuxxNLo/s1103/IMG_1347.jpeg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="577" data-original-width="1103" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtKCmXV7VklBvLFzDQqibrrzyzQ_PF7OKHSJF6OXcHR5lDVnNJZloaFOFD8TxqFrVrpdT60UUX_6XS5bS1ubvlTvU3-AplLgx31wA2ybeEj6QZ6ADxWRGz-s86p2u2ksN8Wq5xsuxxNLo/s320/IMG_1347.jpeg" width="320" /></a></b></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>WHAT YOU WON’T FIND IN MY FAMILY TREE </b></span><b>—</b></span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>Some genealogists pursue ancestors: while others pursue living kin. I confess I belong to the “<i>Ancestor Hunters</i>.” While I enjoy meeting interesting new relatives, finding them is not my primary goal. Further, putting “<i>living people</i>” in online family trees raises privacy issues that I prefer not to deal with. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>Most online services “<i>hide</i>” living people from viewers who don’t have special “<i>privileges</i>” granted by the owner; but by nature, I am not trusting. Sometimes I add the names of living people for special purposes (for example generating their tree, or linking their DNA), but mostly I don’t list them, or I only use a “<i>place marker</i>.” Besides, as I have learned from sad experience “<i>living people</i>” complain bitterly if you make any mistakes in their records. The deceased are more forgiving. Therefore, <b>YOU </b>will be responsible for adding or correcting entries for living people (or recently deceased people) in any tree I give you. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>If any of you are really interested in networking with our living relations, I have included “<i>special projec</i>t” suggestions in the last section of the Blog. If you don’t read anything else, read this final section.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHyjjCqjF-g2kXjt9iWscPK02qL7M9k-ww1F609HaFpr9uov8m0Ps5z_TC-dn95jBVWeE2aRJ4Tcq11Y5E2QT6_LyEFQ-BCzzaW2iv-aTVsVsoIwux1qk721d-Ske6k5F2ZU4QSDsKyYE/s960/IMG_1359.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="780" data-original-width="960" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHyjjCqjF-g2kXjt9iWscPK02qL7M9k-ww1F609HaFpr9uov8m0Ps5z_TC-dn95jBVWeE2aRJ4Tcq11Y5E2QT6_LyEFQ-BCzzaW2iv-aTVsVsoIwux1qk721d-Ske6k5F2ZU4QSDsKyYE/s320/IMG_1359.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">WHAT FORMATS DO YOU WANT?</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I am committed<b> to trying</b> to give you exactly what you want in the formats you prefer, at a minimal cost (preferable free). </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #e6000e; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GEDCOM"><b>The GEDCOM</b></a></span><b> — Genealogical Data Communication</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The GEDCOM was developed by the Church of the Latter Day Saints (Mormons) as a file format for basic genealogical data. It is used in their On-Line Genealogy Site,<span style="color: #e6000e;"><b> </b><a href="http://FamilySearch.org"><b>FamilySearch.org</b></a></span> . <a href="https://www.ancestris.org/index.html"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>GEDCOM software</b></span></a> is free, and the use of Family Search’s extensive data bases are provided free. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>GEDCOM is especially useful for moving genealogical data from one system or program to another. For example, I can create a GEDCOM File from any subset of data in my<span style="color: #e6000e;"> <a href="http://ancestry.com"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>ancestry.com</b></span></a></span><b> </b>Family Tree. I can send that GEDCOM File to any of you by email, or on a thumb drive or disc. The recipient can download the free software to open, view, and edit the GEDCOM on their own Computer. They can also use the GEDCOM to create their own Family Trees on more sophisticated Software Programs (available for purchase for computer or other devices). Alternatively, they can use the GEDCOM to create their own online Family Tree at any of the pay-for-use sites currently available (I’ll talk a more about these later). There are good printed guides for using GEDCOMS, and there is a whole series of Videos to guide you (just Google GEDCOM).</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>In short, if you want your own family tree, all you have to do is ask me, and I will send you an email with the GEDCOM of your ancestors. If you are into paper, you can print (or have a print store print) all of the family tree information for a hard copy file. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>So, if GEDCOM, which is essentially free, and does so much, is available for our exchange,? <b>what are the limitations or problems</b> Well, with the GEDCOM you get only the “<b><i>Bare-Bones, Essential Genealogy</i></b>” as discussed above — who, when, where, and the relationships. What is missing are the elaborations — photos, stories, records, media. For many, the GEDCOM is sufficient, and if they want more, they can download the “<i>frills</i>” from Ancestry, FamilySearch, MyHeritage, or one of the other online services. In other words, they can GEDCOM now, and elaborate later. <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 23px; text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRhfroWU8a9xRlTUfhWg27lP-tbGp-VEWx_S0lfhbw7nqPVf6JogJXWALRxEebv7r38m6U5EL7OLaeYLrRq-RNdy3TU84pFv_CskutpqYLeITP6FkAelgGZ-SXMRLmnSh-xqWRSVj5aQQ/s344/IMG_1366.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="344" data-original-width="300" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRhfroWU8a9xRlTUfhWg27lP-tbGp-VEWx_S0lfhbw7nqPVf6JogJXWALRxEebv7r38m6U5EL7OLaeYLrRq-RNdy3TU84pFv_CskutpqYLeITP6FkAelgGZ-SXMRLmnSh-xqWRSVj5aQQ/s320/IMG_1366.jpeg" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">BEYOND THE BASICS</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Desktop — On-Line — Both in Sync</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>If you want a more elaborate genealogy, you have multiple choices to make. Genealogy is the world’s <a href="https://time.com/133811/how-genealogy-became-almost-as-popular-as-porn/"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>second most popular hobby</b></span></a>, and it is becoming<span style="color: #e6000e;"><b> </b><a href="https://www.deseret.com/2014/4/9/20539145/a-glimpse-into-the-thriving-business-of-family-history#gilad-japhet-is-the-ceo-of-myheritage-com"><b>really big business,</b></a></span> with new products introduced daily. Recently <a href="https://www.familytreemagazine.com/premium/online-tree-vs-genealogy-software/"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>Family Tree Magazine reviewed</b></span></a> the available software options and the online genealogy services, and how the services and software sync. When choosing Desktop Software or an Online Genealogy Service, you need to consider compatibility, because your choice of one impacts your choice of the other.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvXhGevlzqeRFb_2KDqzM3ei3UT8yCzODqFEvUCJnWePxUZHzvzptgGYUJLhX5ux8yjljnXoTqvpDSq0NcKUfI2eeaJrzFSj8pgQZQJCw1wPEyb9f1Z37bD8h1a00G3j1Q5J-2-O2NbEM/s1316/Desktop+Genealogy+Software+Compared.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="910" data-original-width="1316" height="442" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvXhGevlzqeRFb_2KDqzM3ei3UT8yCzODqFEvUCJnWePxUZHzvzptgGYUJLhX5ux8yjljnXoTqvpDSq0NcKUfI2eeaJrzFSj8pgQZQJCw1wPEyb9f1Z37bD8h1a00G3j1Q5J-2-O2NbEM/w640-h442/Desktop+Genealogy+Software+Compared.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"><br /> </span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>The <b>first chart</b> <span style="color: #20a603;"><b>(Green)</b></span> shows the most popular<b> Genealogy Software</b>, its manufacturer, cost, compatibility, which online trees it will sync with, and where it can download “<i>hints</i>” to new information for building your tree. The <b>second chart</b> <span style="color: #149a8b;"><b>(Blue)</b></span><b> </b>lists the most widely used <b>Online Genealogy Sites</b>, their costs, their compatibility with mobile apps, and the desktop software they will Sync with. Finally, <b>the third chart</b>, (in <span style="color: #149a8b;"><b>blue</b></span> and<span style="color: #20a603;"><b> green</b></span>) focuses on compatibility for Syncing your Desktop Tree with your Online Tree.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyb1OU1u8CoJdWPy9gdMW8tRBmd7eUNiCUbCeAyEWND0a9Dmm9ZIPJdqyZ7WyNKT3zVNS20HzfP8qjwhlVGG8v9uzDW8Q7BK-l8maq56EuvIQD2LOa8pDXL8xJP8nPLbVmiGfY5stt9Lo/s1268/Online+Tree+Sites+Compared.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="914" data-original-width="1268" height="462" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyb1OU1u8CoJdWPy9gdMW8tRBmd7eUNiCUbCeAyEWND0a9Dmm9ZIPJdqyZ7WyNKT3zVNS20HzfP8qjwhlVGG8v9uzDW8Q7BK-l8maq56EuvIQD2LOa8pDXL8xJP8nPLbVmiGfY5stt9Lo/w640-h462/Online+Tree+Sites+Compared.png" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijvNif4cmVnw_aTKNvPcFsbhNSdWNALfWj_uOBUOXifQdtMhWULEdtX6D8ITZ2gAXPGttbpV49wX6EJG4jrhyphenhyphenMqkolKlbzvko8E5wuXZts-L8uF3r3WamUghlQdJQfGqCAGqqLvTCJ_00/s1238/What+sincs+With+What.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="712" data-original-width="1238" height="368" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijvNif4cmVnw_aTKNvPcFsbhNSdWNALfWj_uOBUOXifQdtMhWULEdtX6D8ITZ2gAXPGttbpV49wX6EJG4jrhyphenhyphenMqkolKlbzvko8E5wuXZts-L8uF3r3WamUghlQdJQfGqCAGqqLvTCJ_00/w640-h368/What+sincs+With+What.png" width="640" /></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: x-large; text-align: left; white-space: pre;"> </span></div><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>Question:</b></span><b> </b> <b>Why do people need both a Desktop Tree and an Online Tree, and why is important for them to sync?</b> Many people use only an Online Tree. With an Online Tree you can use the data bases of the subscription company to grow and expand your tree, while storing your work on their remote servers. A Desktop Tree is not necessary. However, if you are cautious, you will want to have a backup copy of the work in which you have invested time, money and effort. The copy (or copies) stored on your computer (on internal and/or external hard drives) provide a backup to secure your work. Further, in many cases the Desktop Software allows you to edit, save, display, print or do other things with your data, that cannot be done with the Online Tree. Finally, if you allow your online subscription to expire, your access to your Tree and your collected data may be limited.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhC9d-eSaL8G-mAyTukO7dc7iIE6QBdXJr-kRtpTThIfWeEg_8TMFGx1ZSrKg8ql8wKdQk89ILIcYTfFP0lf4hkVrP-qrMKJSe4FcbV_0fkiXeZ2ajiNWAzT1SO3qhuI_9nO0cP15EBedE/s494/IMG_1372.jpeg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="355" data-original-width="494" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhC9d-eSaL8G-mAyTukO7dc7iIE6QBdXJr-kRtpTThIfWeEg_8TMFGx1ZSrKg8ql8wKdQk89ILIcYTfFP0lf4hkVrP-qrMKJSe4FcbV_0fkiXeZ2ajiNWAzT1SO3qhuI_9nO0cP15EBedE/s320/IMG_1372.jpeg" width="320" /></a></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>From the other side, some people choose to use only Desktop Software to maintain and store their Family Tree. They find the materials they need through online searches of multiple free sites, and import the data and manually upload and store it in their desktop computer program. They purchase and use commercial software because it has multiple advantages over free GEDCOM programs, which can do many of the same things. However, the Online Genealogy Services offer some data not available from free sites, and equally important, they make importing your findings into your Online Tree far, far easier and more convenient than manually importing it from other sources. </span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>Of course, if you are going to use both an Online Service with an Online Tree, and Desktop software with a Tree saved on your hard drive, you want to be able to Sync them so that what you have Online and what you have on your computer reflect the same information.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSptFRvc1WpN7vRScy-E7fM3atrgTiyDylyyXl31WIR1mWpohBFWuvEMikny4mFjbViEeBxvnZSh0gtCReYaIEPGnd-zLeu7qy66nf8E60J5ndBjnWOZ24PIYZu2H9gES5rRc2k0i0NmI/s375/IMG_1378.jpeg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="238" data-original-width="375" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSptFRvc1WpN7vRScy-E7fM3atrgTiyDylyyXl31WIR1mWpohBFWuvEMikny4mFjbViEeBxvnZSh0gtCReYaIEPGnd-zLeu7qy66nf8E60J5ndBjnWOZ24PIYZu2H9gES5rRc2k0i0NmI/s320/IMG_1378.jpeg" width="320" /></a></span></div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"><br /></span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>Most recently, an additional factor has been added to our considerations in choosing Desktop Software and Online Services — <b>DNA Results and Research</b>. If you have taken or plan to take DNA tests or use those tests in your Genealogy Research, the company (or companies) you test with offer differing potential for optimizing the comparison of your findings with your “<i>Genetic DNA Matches.</i>” Several Online services offer DNA testing, and process and report matches between customers who test with their company (i.e. <b>Ancestry and MyHeritage</b>). One service <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GEDmatch"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>GEDmatch</b></span></a> is free and allows individuals to copy (upload) their DNA findings from any DNA genealogy Test to the GEDmatch site, and search for matches from multiple companies. GEDmatch also offers a number of special programs (or apps) for browsing and comparing DNA from different individuals.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>You may have read about the <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/06/gedmatch-police-genealogy-database/561695/"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>use of GEDmatch</b></span></a> in finding the Golden State Killer. The controversy introduced by the publicity surrounding that case has led to new “privacy” standards for all of the DNA genealogy services.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-dNSbeWw-WV7Imj5GWUkdZ3tYXJi5_O8wlzxCycVC_CA4o-shShsUB20c9OdMF789GwODAzFR425aAv1spmUEnRiPvBSzy2BfNVJFPOuR9RR0C0QRwc7KgOmK52psimNLal7hRgyMvsk/s498/IMG_1340.jpeg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="498" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-dNSbeWw-WV7Imj5GWUkdZ3tYXJi5_O8wlzxCycVC_CA4o-shShsUB20c9OdMF789GwODAzFR425aAv1spmUEnRiPvBSzy2BfNVJFPOuR9RR0C0QRwc7KgOmK52psimNLal7hRgyMvsk/s320/IMG_1340.jpeg" width="320" /></a></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"><br /></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>LOW INVESTMENT OPTIONS</b></span> — Since FamilySearch is the FREE Online Site for creating, growing, and managing your Family Research, the least expensive approach that allows you to have a more Elaborate Family Tree, is to purchase and use one of the Desktop programs that work with Family Search Family Tree. The Programs that meet this criteria are <b>Legacy Family Tree 9</b> and <b>RootsMagic 7.5 with TreeShare, </b>which cost $34.99 and $29.95 respectively<b>. </b></span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>Before going further, the special relationship which exists between <b>FamilySearch</b> and <b>MyHeritage </b>is worth discussing<b>. </b>While <b>FamilySearch</b> has data sharing agreements with many of the Online Services, the relationship with <b>MyHeritage</b> is especially close. I tend to think of <b>MyHeritage</b> as the upgraded, pay-for-services, easier-to-use version of <b>Family Search</b>. This is in-part because the way you use the two sites share many similarities. <b>MyHeritage</b> is the distributer of both <b>Family Tree Builder 8</b> (a highly reviewed free desktop program) which works with <b>My Heritage </b>and<b> Legacy Family Tree 9</b> which costs $34.95 but works with the free <b>Family Search Family Tree</b>.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>I have recently been exploring both <b>FamilySearch</b> and <b>MyHeritage, a</b>nd do not doubt that I can find information I do not currently have from their online sites. However, I am not certain that I have the patience to learn all that I need to know to be an efficient user of FamilySearch. I can’t tell if it is difficult to use, or if I am simply accustomed to Ancestry, and don’t adapt well (or maybe I have become the “<i>old dog</i>” who can’t learn new tricks). I would really love to have some of YOU explore what we can learn from the data bases associated with these sites. I have purchased guides to the use of the programs and sites, and am more than willing to share these with anyone who wishes to give it a whirl. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>Along these same lines, I am planning on purchasing <b>RootsMagic 7.5 with Tree Share </b>because I can use it with my <b>Ancestry Tree</b> and with <b>FamilySearch Family Tree</b>. I am hoping to achieve two things by doing this. First, I will be able to access data available through FamilySearch, but not through Ancestry. Second, I should be able to send the Enhanced Information from my Ancestry Tree to any of you who also purchase and use <b>Roots Magic 7.5 </b>(at $29.95).</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b></b></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmOZFSaGzvvz6SU_86Ekus44WE81rTfbnhCf9DdHsw-GVwlw5WNjIkDbQpxsedYu3FhMqgjORVcVOKApxuf5NIutPTz_2vKJ3EQS2FW0XWpiiaMSznnGQA9OdfA88SVF2uBsJdAuL7XN4/s1125/IMG_1363.jpeg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1101" data-original-width="1125" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmOZFSaGzvvz6SU_86Ekus44WE81rTfbnhCf9DdHsw-GVwlw5WNjIkDbQpxsedYu3FhMqgjORVcVOKApxuf5NIutPTz_2vKJ3EQS2FW0XWpiiaMSznnGQA9OdfA88SVF2uBsJdAuL7XN4/s320/IMG_1363.jpeg" width="320" /></a></b></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><br />PRICER OPTIONS </b></span>— When I started using the computer for genealogy, online sites did not exist and <b>Family Tree Maker </b>was produced by a company called Broderbund. <b>Ancestry</b> was a company that sold discs that could be purchased and used with Family Tree Maker (the data was from the Church of the Latter Day Saints, and could also be accessed in their <a href="https://www.familysearch.org/help/fhcenters/locations/"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>world-wide locations</b></span></a> of <a href="https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/Introduction_to_Family_History_Centers"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>Family History Centers</b></span></a>). Ancestry eventually acquired and marketed Family Tree Maker to work with their new online services. That was a couple of decades ago, and I have stayed with these two compatible (if expensive products), primarily because I can use them in a semi-stupor (which may describe my work much of the time). </span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>I can create an Ancestry Tree on my Ancestry Account for any of you or for any group of you (as I have done for those used as examples above). With a link from me, you can access your tree on my account. If I assign you Editor privileges, you can edit your tree, and add any materials you wish to contribute. However, Ancestry will not give you access to the data bases that I subscribe to. They have gotten smart and begun restricting non-paying visitors. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>My Ancestry Trees are <i>“public,</i>” so you can view them. Ancestry will also allow you a 30 day free trial, during which time you can create your own Tree in your own Account. Ancestry does NOT delete your tree after you end your trial membership. It remains, and you can access it, but cannot access Ancestry’s data bases (their way of persuading you to subscribe).</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjODDDhGJYPzhvp080-Ceoa3iVLF88n1KFkuxzgz_pKXvWqNNCYU4iPX6-AuHvUKD0wg1cRHPWNex01XYhPer_V0TZLh8so83xbG3jj8VAlvMl9YyRMiOQAGZbHZPhdlfBB_foDEOf54c/s612/IMG_1361.jpeg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="608" data-original-width="612" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjODDDhGJYPzhvp080-Ceoa3iVLF88n1KFkuxzgz_pKXvWqNNCYU4iPX6-AuHvUKD0wg1cRHPWNex01XYhPer_V0TZLh8so83xbG3jj8VAlvMl9YyRMiOQAGZbHZPhdlfBB_foDEOf54c/s320/IMG_1361.jpeg" width="320" /></a></span></div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"><br /></span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>If any of you do a short trial with Ancestry or opt for a longer subscription, I can work with you to move everything I have about your Family to your tree, and show you how to save the Ancestry information using Family Tree Maker. If you purchase and load Family Tree Maker to your computer, I can send you all the files I have for your tree.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 23px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 23px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">SPECIAL INTEREST PROJECTS</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Exploring Individual Interests</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga8JG4P5f_Ro_sprTyhcmZoWT7Dl0yAX4oPR_1df6Q36hz6RZbaUSbslm_Kpo3v7tv9iZNsRh8ih5H108RAAfkvxkmNDcyC7lfG6Oi4U6ycdEB2o85QMTisxVeZ1fE7MzMSAWFRFI2qkw/s940/IMG_1374.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="788" data-original-width="940" height="335" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga8JG4P5f_Ro_sprTyhcmZoWT7Dl0yAX4oPR_1df6Q36hz6RZbaUSbslm_Kpo3v7tv9iZNsRh8ih5H108RAAfkvxkmNDcyC7lfG6Oi4U6ycdEB2o85QMTisxVeZ1fE7MzMSAWFRFI2qkw/w400-h335/IMG_1374.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>There are a number of special interest projects, that I would love to work with any of you to accomplish. If there is broad interest in any particular project, I can write about how we can create what you want. I will mention a couple, and then wait for you to inquire about these or suggest others:</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: large; white-space: pre;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxoW7ER7i14P_g8lSFEFNQ2QL5ZTDB_Dqhyphenhyphen9csJ3wXXXnAl1cCUx14yyElsL1-lPmIfHXjgfQkrvwmxaRUO2UaYYl2LdmDlqhpT7aWoXp0pWMBCbvxLs0INg6J1ydQVHtQyca8y5dnzOw/s390/IMG_1346.jpeg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="234" data-original-width="390" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxoW7ER7i14P_g8lSFEFNQ2QL5ZTDB_Dqhyphenhyphen9csJ3wXXXnAl1cCUx14yyElsL1-lPmIfHXjgfQkrvwmxaRUO2UaYYl2LdmDlqhpT7aWoXp0pWMBCbvxLs0INg6J1ydQVHtQyca8y5dnzOw/s320/IMG_1346.jpeg" width="320" /><span style="text-align: left;"> </span></a></span></div><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>ART PROJECTS</b></span> — Some of you might be interested in creating, gifting, or displaying printed and framed Family Trees. I did one for Aunt Cecile many years ago, and it hangs in my house today. I did another only a few years ago for Uncle Lindsey. Ancestry, Family Tree Maker, MyHeritage, and RootsMagic all offer options for creating a wide variety of Family Trees, including those with photos. If any of you are interested, we can work together to create what you want.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>MAPMAKING</b></span><b> — </b> All of my programs and services identify the places our ancestors lived, and connect these places to people and events in their lives. The same programs also provide software programs for creating maps illustrating the travels of individuals or of families. I would love to have such maps either in digital form to illustrate Family Histories or to attach to our Trees. I would also love to have beautiful printed versions of these maps to display. I have seen these beautifully displayed. However, I probably won’t get around to creating these. If one of you is interested in maps or in artistic/historic projects, I would love to work with you on mapmaking projects.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTp75wLmRHE7EEUJRvl9asRA1gDo9Okf9ZtrTMCDGmZbQTCv3VTlfIkoXQmyQvMBCF0WPWiT25mBi5AdyzGAf_GJkdKokfIEOPj4fWzVjMSyB7PvDEjkEI3ma0X58RjjUMp8EJOrnitmE/s960/IMG_1377.jpeg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="960" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTp75wLmRHE7EEUJRvl9asRA1gDo9Okf9ZtrTMCDGmZbQTCv3VTlfIkoXQmyQvMBCF0WPWiT25mBi5AdyzGAf_GJkdKokfIEOPj4fWzVjMSyB7PvDEjkEI3ma0X58RjjUMp8EJOrnitmE/s320/IMG_1377.jpeg" /></a></div><p></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><b><u>ONLINE FAMILY PHOTO SITE</u> -- </b>I am so eager to have someone do this, that I will pay the site subscription costs if they will do the work with the photos. This allows individual family groups to set up albums, upload photos and share all of our wonderful family </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: large;">photographs. We can also download, print, or otherwise use these valuable, legacies.</span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: underline;">LINAGE AND HERITAGE SOCIETIES</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> — </span><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">Several of our families came to North America 400 years ago, settling in Virginia, New Amsterdam, New England, and the Caribbean Islands. Most of the lines documented in </span></span><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">Frances’ Family History</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> have been on this continent for over 300 years. Most of you are eligible for membership in almost any linage or heritage society you aspire to join. </span></span></h2><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>For any of you who consider these organizations “<i>vanity</i>” groups, think again. If you have ever visited the Alamo, you should know that without the <a href="https://www.drtinfo.org"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>Daughters of the Republic of Texas</b></span></a>, that historic structure would not be standing, and most of the items in the museum would be scattered or lost entirely. The Headquarters, Museum, and Library of the <a href="https://www.dar.org"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>Daughters of the American Revolution</b></span></a> are included among the sites visited by many tours of Washington D.C., because of the history preserved there. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>For the <b>pragmatists</b> among you, let me also point out that these linage, heritage and historical societies give away millions of dollars in scholarships each year, and that in many cases children of members, or children eligible for membership are given priority as recipients. If you have children approaching college age, you should research these organizations, and consider targeting their scholarships. In some cases there is minimal competition for the monies. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Many of these groups also conduct a variety of activities for youth, targeted at encouraging their interest in history and heritage. Every year children receive recognition and prizes (including cash, travel, and scholarships) for participating in these activities. Some of these awards and activities can contribute directly to college admissions and scholarships.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;">IMPORTANT</span> — If one of your close relatives achieves membership in a linage or heritage society, your road to membership is easier. You can use many of the same documents to “<i>prove” </i>your eligibility, and in some groups, proof of your relationship with a member serves to seal your eligibility. For example, I joined the DAR through Aunt Cecile’s established “<i>proof.”</i> For this reason, if one of You is interested in a particular group, like the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holland_Society_of_New_York"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>Holland</b></span></a><span style="color: #e6000e; text-decoration: underline;"><b> Society of New York</b></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>,</b></span> <span style="color: #e6000e; text-decoration: underline;"><b>The </b><a href="http://www.jamestowne.org"><b>Jamestown</b></a><b> Society</b></span>, <span style="color: #e6000e; text-decoration: underline;"><b>The </b><a href="https://www.themayflowersociety.org"><b>Mayflower</b></a><b> Society</b></span>, or one of the First Family Societies (of Virginia, New York, Connecticut, Maryland, North Caroline, Louisiana, Georgia, Alabama, etc.) I am eager to assist. If you are interested in Organizations limited to descendants of specific groups or individuals, I can also help with these. For example, many of you are eligible for the <a href="https://www.winthropsociety.com"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>Winthrop Society</b></span></a> and others for the <a href="https://www.boonesociety.org"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>Boone Society</b></span></a>. Many of you are descendants of <a href="http://www.earlyquakers.org"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>Quakers</b></span></a> and others are descendants of <a href="https://www.huguenotsocietyofamerica.org"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>Huguenots</b></span></a>. Some of us are the descendants of <a href="https://www.colonialclergy.com"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>Clergy</b></span></a>, while others descend from<a href="https://benchbar.us"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b> lawyers,</b></span></a> and as shameful as it may be, some of us descend from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereditary_Order_of_Descendants_of_Colonial_Governors"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>politicians</b></span></a>. For these, and other groups, all of the work on your membership opens doors for the rest of us.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>At the end of this paragraph, I have placed links that lead to lists or directories of linage and heritage societies. If you have an interest in any of those you find on the lists, I will be happy to work with you in locating the materials you need for your membership application. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><b>Links to Lists of Linage and Heritage Societies</b></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.genealogy.com/articles/learn/105_course7.html"><b>https://www.genealogy.com/articles/learn/105_course7.html</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hereditary_and_lineage_organizations"><b>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hereditary_and_lineage_organizations</b></a></span><b> </b></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.cyndislist.com/societies/lineage/early-america/"><b>https://www.cyndislist.com/societies/lineage/early-america/</b></a></span><b> </b></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.hereditary.us/list_a.htm"><b>http://www.hereditary.us/list_a.htm</b></a></span><b> </b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>Links to Organizations some of you might find interesting</b></span><b>:</b></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daughters_of_the_Republic_of_Texas"><b>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daughters_of_the_Republic_of_Texas</b></a></span><b> </b></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://scv.org"><b>https://scv.org</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sons_of_Confederate_Veterans"><b>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sons_of_Confederate_Veterans</b></a></span><b> </b></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/French-Canadian_Genealogical_and_Historical_Societies_(National_Institute)"><b>https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/French-Canadian_Genealogical_and_Historical_Societies_(National_Institute)</b></a></span><b> </b></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.gachgs.com"><b>http://www.gachgs.com</b></a></span><b> </b></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span><span style="font-size: medium; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.firstfamiliesny.org"><b>https://www.firstfamiliesny.org</b></a></span><b><span style="font-size: medium;">.</span><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>DNA PROJECTS</b></span><b> — </b>Even those not interested in traditional genealogy may be interested in exploring your DNA, and I am eager to work with any of you who have interests in your <b>ethnicity,</b> <b>origins</b>, or <b>health</b>. The more you learn, the more your family knows. (For more information read about <a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2018/03/using-dna-to-understand-our-family.html"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>DNA Potential in Genealogy</b></span></a>)</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b>Further, what you learn from genetic studies may increase your interest in your family tree<b>. </b>In <b>Ancestry</b>, and on other sites, your DNA matches are much more valuable if your DNA results are linked to an Ancestry Tree with the maximum number of Ancestors. This allows Ancestry (and other programs) to identify common Ancestors with your DNA matches. This is called triangulation, and is the basic method for using DNA to support classic genealogy in “<i>proving”</i> descent. In Ancestry it also allows the site program to match your Ancestors with the Ancestors of your DNA matches to create what they call ThruLines.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Thus far, our family members have taken advantage of these features by linking their DNA results to my large tree. However, we are now experimenting with creating individual Trees (as for example for Danielle, Brody, or Angel) and then linking their DNA to their own Tree. If any of you are interested in DNA or in linking your existing DNA results to a Tree, we can work together on finding the best approach.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>BOOKS OR PRINTED GENEALOGIES</b></span> — If some of you would really like to have your genealogy information in a printed and/or bound form, we can work on doing that. Family Tree Maker, Ancestry, MyHeritage, and RootsMagic 7 all offer options for creating printable versions of the information stored in the Trees. Creating the books and reports is not difficult, but proofing and editing are essential, and I just don’t want to use my remaining years correcting errors I made 30 years ago. If you will proof and edit, we are in the publishing business.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>MEMORIALS TO PEOPLE WE LOVE AND HONOR</b></span> — Creating tributes to living and deceased family members is one of the most needed and important projects anyone can undertake. I am truly sorry that I have not done more. By far the most active site for memorials is <a href="http://legacy.com"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>legacy.com</b></span></a><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>. </b></span>Wikipedia offers an unbiased <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legacy.com"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>description</b></span></a> of Legacy’s memorials, and Legacy describes their own <a href="https://www.legacy.com/about-us/"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>mission</b></span></a>. If you check names of deceased family members, you are likely to discover some already have memorials on Legacy (for example, <a href="https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/beaumontenterprise/obituary.aspx?n=sara-jolie-allardyce-rhine&pid=110632135"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>Sara Jo</b></span></a> and<span style="color: #e6000e;"><b> </b><a href="https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/beaumontenterprise/obituary.aspx?n=vera-heard-ballis&pid=158499815"><b>Aunt Vera</b></a></span>). Legacy builds their memorials through affiliations with funeral homes and newspapers or directly, based on contributions by individuals. However, as you will see when visiting the above memorials, much could be done to make these better and more complete.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The memorial website that I use most frequently is <a href="http://findagrave.com"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>findagrave.com</b></span></a>. They were started in 1995 by a gentleman who enjoyed visiting cemeteries. They are now owned by <a href="http://ancestry.com"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>ancestry.com</b></span></a><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>. </b></span> They describe the mission of this <a href="https://www.findagrave.com/about"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>subsidiary</b></span></a> at this link. Again, you will find many family members with pages on <a href="http://findagrave.com"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>findagrave.com</b></span></a>, but like my <a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/171549086/wilmer-h-jackson"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>father</b></span></a> and my <a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/171549122/wilmer-h-jackson"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>brother</b></span></a>, their memorials may not be very complete <i>(if you visit these, you see why I am sorry not to have done more</i>). </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><a href="http://fold3.com"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>fold3.com</b></span></a> is one of my favorite genealogy sites. It offers a collection of military records, and space for creating <a href="https://www.fold3.com/wall/"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b> Military Memorials</b></span></a> to honor veterans from all U.S. Conflicts on their “<b><i>Wall</i>.</b>” I learned while writing this that I have inadvertently created 20 memorials to Veterans while researching their military careers. Since I did not actively “<i>create</i>” these memorials, Fold3 records are their only content. One exception is the memorial to <a href="https://www.fold3.com/page/286263425-levi-annison-adams/photos"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>Levi Annison Adams</b></span></a>, to which I have attached a photo. On all my memorial pages the “<b><i>Gallery</i></b>” holds most of the information. I regret I have not done more, and resolve to work on improving the representation of our military heroes on this site. I’m hoping some of you will help. For many years I subscribed to Fold3, and after <a href="http://ancestry.com"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>ancestry.com</b></span></a><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b> </b></span>bought the site, I combined my subscriptions. We can use my access to improve these memorials.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Perhaps the apex of online tributes is to memorialize your loved one in <b>Wikipedia</b>. This is feasible if the relative has some major accomplishments. We all take pride in the recognition achieved by the eldest Heard son, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Pinckney_%22Skipper%22_Heard"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>Thomas Pinkney Heard</b></span></a>, but others would qualify if someone took the time to write their entry.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Finally, the popularity of online memorials for the recently deceased is growing, and sites hosting these are increasing. You can review the <a href="http://www.apple.com"><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b>top Ten online memorial site</b></span></a><span style="color: #e6000e;">s</span> in this article. I haven’t used any of these, although I have been led to some while checking up on the status of some old friends (not the happiest findings). Most are associated with funeral homes or cemeteries. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Exploring the concept of virtual cemeteries and cyber eternal life (while writing this Blog) has left me a bit disturbed. Clearly the future holds some interesting changes in this field. You may enjoy a bit if Si-Fi related to what lies ahead in: <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><b>https://www.newsweek.com/2014/08/29/after-death-dont-mourn-digitize-sites-eternime-264892.html</b></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span style="white-space: pre;"><b><u>MILITARY </u></b></span><b style="text-decoration: underline;">HISTORY</b></span> Having introduced you to <b>Fold3</b>, I should mention that one sub-genre of genealogy is associated with military history. Most branches of our family have sent men to fight in every War in North America from the French and Indian War to the Spanish American War. More recently our men and women have fought for the U.S. in foreign wars. Documenting the exploits of our military heroes through studying the histories of their units is a specialized form of genealogical research. I have done some work in this area, particularly in following <b>Levi A. Adams </b>through the <b>Civil War, </b>and following <b><i>“Killing” </i>Stephen Jackson </b>(purportedly the real-life model for <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><i>“The Patriot</i></span>”) through the Revolution. However, I really wish one of you would discover an interest in this work.</span></p><div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_Y1RxuwimMZNI9_76ym_jcJJlT4ujyyT6aYjA0DD3maAkgpT_LUVKhUSdMr0Jjair8Or86c89uabs_SIqhmMWq4WHbNZwM3JK4os_woC2r_yc1WVrO_no7hepuQJSHoWUQBrsBKHCxy0/s542/IMG_1362.jpeg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="540" data-original-width="542" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_Y1RxuwimMZNI9_76ym_jcJJlT4ujyyT6aYjA0DD3maAkgpT_LUVKhUSdMr0Jjair8Or86c89uabs_SIqhmMWq4WHbNZwM3JK4os_woC2r_yc1WVrO_no7hepuQJSHoWUQBrsBKHCxy0/s320/IMG_1362.jpeg" width="320" /></a></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"><br /> </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>SCRAPBOOK and PHOTOBOOK PROJECTS</b></span> — I have no artistic talent (zero, zilch, nada), therefore I have only the greatest admiration (mixed with envy) for those who have these talents. Among the talents that I covet is the ability to create either “concrete” or “digital” scrapbooks or picture books, or wall hangings, or collages. If I could do this, I would be working on one now, instead of typing away. I have collected materials I believe Scrapbookers would enjoy using, but I can’t do anything worthwhile with it. I would love to work with a talented cousin to accomplish some projects.</span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>NETWORKING AND ORGANIZING INFORMATION ON LIVING RELATIVES (REAL OR VIRTUAL REUNIONS)</b></span> — Above I discussed the limitations of my genealogy with respect to “<i>living</i>” relatives (other descendants of my ancestors). Several recent developments have increased my interest in living relatives, and increased my contact with them. These two developments are: <b>1. DNA</b> and <b>2. Social Media</b>. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> <span> </span></span>Because of my <b>DNA</b> research, I am currently communicating with some of my living distant relatives, and literally have connections and access to several thousand. If I want to find, organize, and communicate with my living kin, I can do so with great ease. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"> <br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Through <b>Social Media</b>, I have organized or joined several groups (in my case on <b>FaceBook</b>) dedicated to specific families or to settlers of particular geographic areas. These groups are already functioning to bring people together to share their information and their stories. Such sharing has great potential for advancing understanding and leading to new knowledge. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Literally, as I was typing that last paragraph I received a FB message with an attached link to a UTUBE video from a newly discovered “cousin.” It was a great video on early New Amsterdam, with mention of common ancestors. This is what I mean about the value of using Social Media for genealogy. I hope one of you, who has more social drive will be interested in such a project.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>OTHER PROJECTS YOU SUGGEST</b></span> — If you have an idea, run it by me. I can at least estimate the difficulty involved and how what we already know can contribute to our success. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I conclude this Blog with a listing of my prior attempts at Family History. Your input regarding what you find interesting, and who or what you would like me to write about in the future is actively solicited. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7HGq8tHsSxT3Kz_EKL65r0HK9gM-A-rkuwqEVj-6SPg8NB4DA1169wO37IVgdQn8QymuNybPxOXZCS2qBipkCbzsTl6LO0qCKy_Fe1MKADIURMHF4pRjYftNS5ThG8T6PbOoSw6lVkPY/s1440/IMG_1373.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1072" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7HGq8tHsSxT3Kz_EKL65r0HK9gM-A-rkuwqEVj-6SPg8NB4DA1169wO37IVgdQn8QymuNybPxOXZCS2qBipkCbzsTl6LO0qCKy_Fe1MKADIURMHF4pRjYftNS5ThG8T6PbOoSw6lVkPY/s320/IMG_1373.jpeg" /></a></div><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">MY FAMILY HISTORY BLOGS</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><b>ALL FAMILIES</b></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2011/06/family-history-power-of-stories.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2011/06/family-history-power-of-stories.html</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2018/03/using-dna-to-understand-our-family.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2018/03/using-dna-to-understand-our-family.html</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2011/06/cousins-defined.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2011/06/cousins-defined.html</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2011/06/cousins.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2011/06/cousins.html</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2011/08/crape-myrtle-memories.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2011/08/crape-myrtle-memories.html</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b></b></span><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><b>MULTIPLE FAMILIES (JACKSON, HEARD, LINDSEY, COX, HICKS, HEWELL)</b></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2012/05/royal-connections-for-jackson-cox-heard.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2012/05/royal-connections-for-jackson-cox-heard.html</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2015/01/royal-roots-heard-jackson-lindsey-cox.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2015/01/royal-roots-heard-jackson-lindsey-cox.html</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b></b></span><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><b>MULTIPLE FAMILIES (HEARD, NOLEN, MILLER/MUELLER)</b></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2018/12/heards-nolens-and-their-millermueller.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2018/12/heards-nolens-and-their-millermueller.html</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b></b></span><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><b>MULTIPLE FAMILIES (JACKSON, HEARD, NOLEN, POLHEMUS, ADAMS)</b></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2019/02/400-years-in-north-america-our-family.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2019/02/400-years-in-north-america-our-family.html</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b></b></span><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><b>ADAMS FAMILY</b></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2019/02/adams-y-dna-our-story.html</b></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2017/01/levi-annison-adams-and-nancy-ann-hobbs.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2017/01/levi-annison-adams-and-nancy-ann-hobbs.html</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2017/05/our-adams-family-trees.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2017/05/our-adams-family-trees.html</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b></b></span><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><b>COX FAMILY</b></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2012/06/cox-family-of-louisiana.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2012/06/cox-family-of-louisiana.html</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b></b></span><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><b>COX AND PUGH FAMILIES</b></span></p><p style="color: #fb0207; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2013/10/quaker-families-in-desoto-parish.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2013/10/quaker-families-in-desoto-parish.html</b></a></span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: underline;"><b> </b></span></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2011/06/are-you-of-quaker-descent-lost-quakers.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2011/06/are-you-of-quaker-descent-lost-quakers.html</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b></b></span><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><b>FREEMAN FAMILY (INCLUDING BOONE)</b></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2020/03/the-freeman-family-farm.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2020/03/the-freeman-family-farm.html</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2015/11/charles-c-freeman-amazing-life.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2015/11/charles-c-freeman-amazing-life.html</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><b>HEARD AND LINSDEY FAMILIES</b></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2020/07/sarah-adeline-lindsey-and-panther.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2020/07/sarah-adeline-lindsey-and-panther.html</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><b>HEARD FAMILY</b></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2014/01/myrtis-lee-heard-jackson-her-family-and.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2014/01/myrtis-lee-heard-jackson-her-family-and.html</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2019/06/lindsey-l-heard.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2019/06/lindsey-l-heard.html</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2020/07/heard-family-letters-communications.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2020/07/heard-family-letters-communications.html</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2018/01/heard-family-research-resources-heard.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2018/01/heard-family-research-resources-heard.html</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2011/06/thomas-pinkney-heard-pink-red-tp.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2011/06/thomas-pinkney-heard-pink-red-tp.html</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b></b></span><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><b>JACKSON FAMILY</b></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2014/09/the-jackson-family-of-north-central_2.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2014/09/the-jackson-family-of-north-central_2.html</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2014/09/the-jackson-family-of-north-central.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2014/09/the-jackson-family-of-north-central.html</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2014/09/the-dukes-laws-and-robert-jackson.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2014/09/the-dukes-laws-and-robert-jackson.html</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2014/09/the-ancestors-of-john-seaborn-sebe.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2014/09/the-ancestors-of-john-seaborn-sebe.html</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2014/09/james-jackson-sr-part-iv-ancestors-of.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2014/09/james-jackson-sr-part-iv-ancestors-of.html</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b></b></span><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><b>JONES FAMILY</b></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2019/03/for-william-jones-descendants.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2019/03/for-william-jones-descendants.html</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><b>NOLEN FAMILY</b></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2020/06/murder-on-ten-mile-creek-saga-of.html</b></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2020/06/the-history-of-nolen-family-of-louisiana.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2020/06/the-history-of-nolen-family-of-louisiana.html</b><span style="color: #e6000e;"><b></b></span></a></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b></b></span><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><b>NUNLEY FAMILY</b></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2013/05/hidden-cherokees-of-tennessee-story-of.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2013/05/hidden-cherokees-of-tennessee-story-of.html</b></a></span><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2013/02/black-jack-jesse-nunley-warrior-of.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2013/02/black-jack-jesse-nunley-warrior-of.html</b></a></span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b> </b></span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: underline;"><b> </b></span></span></p><p style="color: #e6000e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2020/04/a-letter-to-descendants-of-jesse-nunley.html"><b>https://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/2020/04/a-letter-to-descendants-of-jesse-nunley.html</b></a></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /></div>Frances Jackson Freeman, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/14443125000303869964noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5854257755568701611.post-14663334338539128582020-10-23T08:18:00.005-07:002020-10-23T08:33:15.954-07:00CHARLES' THOUGHTS ON BIBLE READING -- Advice to a Friend<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i>Charles wrote the following note to accompany a gift Bible sent to a friend. After reading his message, I thought it was worth sharing with others, so I created this blog, and added a few illustrations and a short bio for Charles at the end. I added a few comments in red, and ask you to please add your comments and </i></span><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(204, 0, 0);"><i>opinions. </i></span></span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3Pqf-c3gyTomatiXQr4iXKeJq2uxZoDNU6-kr1mYfR1iZE57DdRn_MzxQ_zv9ykWGihxHIAbfAlx6sXs8h3iQKviQDefXEjmhlCpk6agq7mO43Nfw79QvQqAuxXBrP_WMnQjwPQYdksw/s2048/0001.jpeg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1639" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3Pqf-c3gyTomatiXQr4iXKeJq2uxZoDNU6-kr1mYfR1iZE57DdRn_MzxQ_zv9ykWGihxHIAbfAlx6sXs8h3iQKviQDefXEjmhlCpk6agq7mO43Nfw79QvQqAuxXBrP_WMnQjwPQYdksw/s320/0001.jpeg" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">Dear Friend:</span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I have heard that you have some questions about religion, heaven, hell, and salvation. I first had those same questions when I was still in school. I had been going to church since I was a baby, and over and over I heard the preacher say that you had to read the Bible. When I joined that Church, I was given a small King James Bible. I began trying to read that Bible. It made no sense to me. I would read the words and reread and read some more, and I just couldn’t understand where they were coming from. All those “<i>Thou shalt nots</i>” and the “<i>Begots</i>.” The words were like Greek to me. I finally gave up on reading that Bible. </span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I never stopped attending and taking part in church activities, and I picked up a lot from the sermons and Sunday school lessons, but I never read the Bible. </span></p></span><p></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: times;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: times;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGi5LN7GwlZ6G7DGJJF6SGnsx8W-7QgIVR1i6YuKiOzNvUm9fZqbGYbUARAd7UXjFP0Yz0GeUGJfDYYV7QDDcJ7TmP78DMpzDGVpN_DI68CLaof-o-MDYfEjOcfyi4e8Z4hGKGQOqdHFc/s350/The+Children%2527s+Bible.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="350" data-original-width="247" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGi5LN7GwlZ6G7DGJJF6SGnsx8W-7QgIVR1i6YuKiOzNvUm9fZqbGYbUARAd7UXjFP0Yz0GeUGJfDYYV7QDDcJ7TmP78DMpzDGVpN_DI68CLaof-o-MDYfEjOcfyi4e8Z4hGKGQOqdHFc/s320/The+Children%2527s+Bible.jpg" /></a></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><span> <span> </span></span>When I was about 48 years old, we were visiting our oldest daughter, and her husband. We were staying in our granddaughters bedroom, and I couldn’t sleep. I took a book from her bookshelf, to read myself to sleep. It was a Children’s Bible. I started reading her Bible and it made sense, and it was fun reading. I realized that I was understanding the Bible and even enjoying it. I began to feel better about not reading that King James Version.</span></p><p></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Time passed, and Frances and I retired back to our farm and began new lives. We were attending my hometown Methodist Church, where I had grown up, and been given that King James Bible. My older brother, a retired teacher and football coach, was the pastor. We were active in the church, and one day my brother talked to us about the Methodist Church needing preachers for little rural churches. He said we had the qualifications and that we should consider going into the ministry. I couldn’t tell him, but I felt unqualified because I had never read the whole Bible. How could I be a minister if I had never read my Bible from cover to cover? I was too ashamed to tell my pastor/ brother.</span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: x-large; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;">Well, Frances found an audio Bible in modern English, and I began listening. I listened in the car when I drove, and I listened when I walked, and when I worked out at the gym. I listened to the entire Bible. </span></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span><span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: medium;">We listened to the audio version of <u>The Message,</u> (my favorite modern language version of the Bible. Today there are many more options available, with dramatized versions as well as readings by famous actors and actresses. Many are free, and they are available in many </span></span><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(204, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: medium;">formats. </span><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><a href="https://wiki.ezvid.com/best-audio-bibles" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: medium;">Check out these reviews, but know that new options appear daily</span></a></span></span></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxZ3r704TLL7g75sV4u9sShBWuvLA73yxkziGSExzYpxz_IPef1Le4kjPQXJ2_PyWRoAsadnQ7tOFCw_o158j97vB94T2cWvKQ4QgQb1JhDM1TC_8u-po3hdEtl9GcnRmRJmCSP9qt5aI/s1089/The+Message.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: times;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1089" data-original-width="800" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxZ3r704TLL7g75sV4u9sShBWuvLA73yxkziGSExzYpxz_IPef1Le4kjPQXJ2_PyWRoAsadnQ7tOFCw_o158j97vB94T2cWvKQ4QgQb1JhDM1TC_8u-po3hdEtl9GcnRmRJmCSP9qt5aI/s320/The+Message.jpg" /></span></a></div><p></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><span> <span> </span></span>After that, Frances and I accepted the call to the local minister’s program in the United Methodist Church. In their training program, I studied and learned more about the scriptures. But I have stayed interested in newer versions of the Bible that help me (and others like me) understand God better. Every few years, another Bible scholar comes out with a new version of the Bible that makes it easier for more people to enjoy and understand the story of God’s love for us. Each one seems to offer some new insight into the “<i>Greatest Story Every Told</i>.”</span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-family: times; white-space: pre;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"><br /></span><span> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRMa7qcgexPIY6d0IkKUubUEtbdF4VP0PSZi-qebFgoDXux36QoMbXTlLWqPRFAQG70jNshlH6TAvY1WUxJmlcgUEhyphenhyphenbrMiiavTa4-W6A4Rn6_odkKQXLkcow8eSsepdul6-AyIulEZv4/s350/The+Bible+as+a+Novel.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="350" data-original-width="236" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRMa7qcgexPIY6d0IkKUubUEtbdF4VP0PSZi-qebFgoDXux36QoMbXTlLWqPRFAQG70jNshlH6TAvY1WUxJmlcgUEhyphenhyphenbrMiiavTa4-W6A4Rn6_odkKQXLkcow8eSsepdul6-AyIulEZv4/s320/The+Bible+as+a+Novel.jpg" /></a></div><br /></span></span><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><span> <span> </span></span>I think there are lots of people all over the world who have guilty feelings about not reading the Bible. I would like to tell them that it is not READING the Bible that is important; it is UNDERSTANDING the message of the Bible that is essential. No one is ever saved by reading the Bible; they are saved by knowing the God and Savior that the Bible is written about. One way to know God better is to read the Bible; but the essential way to know God is to feel His presence in our lives, to feel His Love, and to accept His Salvation. Reading the Bible helps because the Bible tells us about </span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: large;">God, but the Bible is a means to an End, not a goal in itself. Different people gain understanding in different ways from different experiences. Recordings, Music, Movies, Songs, Poetry, Testimonies, Stories, Sermons are all means of achieving greater understanding. There are different means for different people. We have so many ways of seeking God; and no way is more perfect than another. What works for you is the right way.</span><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSeUHePg9vuS1rkMqtqZ38Ot2oiynNBR5XAyuXu1TTkqlWeTJuIWgaGxNQlyup7AhIRQ-AP3nUfz56_8DgQ5-M9x8B9ijbZHRmAI1zGpV4X7Jr4QdbJFAyfx4NCZZevb1zp9HiKzO-cmg/s400/Children+bible.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="308" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSeUHePg9vuS1rkMqtqZ38Ot2oiynNBR5XAyuXu1TTkqlWeTJuIWgaGxNQlyup7AhIRQ-AP3nUfz56_8DgQ5-M9x8B9ijbZHRmAI1zGpV4X7Jr4QdbJFAyfx4NCZZevb1zp9HiKzO-cmg/s320/Children+bible.jpg" /></a></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-size: large;">In my old age, I’m afraid my Bible reading happens mostly when I read to my great grandson at bedtime. His Bible Storybook teaches the same message as that in King James Version, only it is better illustrated, more fun, and easier to understand. I’m sending you a copy of a recent version of the Bible that I like very much. It gives the essence of the Bible teachings with less redundancy (many books of the Bible tell the same stories in different formats), and reads in “<i>normal</i>” modern English. We have included the audio version, because Frances and I both enjoy listening, and do that more often than we read. If this version doesn’t work for you, I can suggest some others.</span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLe2hly9kATYT3Sb7_yDvub0f4JW8s0x7CJtZInuFAftubjgnbFJ25N_AIBt40ojNRG_cJX79jpDdChkrB-0Ar0qDI-ALzu9j1_ooO_f0pkSoluHOcSLZ6wd-L_GEWTTrHHh-7RkqR7Jw/s600/The+Story.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: times;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="394" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLe2hly9kATYT3Sb7_yDvub0f4JW8s0x7CJtZInuFAftubjgnbFJ25N_AIBt40ojNRG_cJX79jpDdChkrB-0Ar0qDI-ALzu9j1_ooO_f0pkSoluHOcSLZ6wd-L_GEWTTrHHh-7RkqR7Jw/s320/The+Story.jpg" /></span></a><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-family: times; white-space: pre;"> </span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In addition to the Bible, I’m sending you a video sermon. This minister preached a revival in our little church. He stayed with us during the revival, and we were blessed by knowing him. We thought you would enjoy hearing his testimony.</span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">In Christian Love and Prayers,</span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: times; font-size: large;">A short Bio of the Author, Charles C. Freeman:</span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><b>Charles Cleveland Freeman, Col., Retired, US Army Medical Core, holds an A.A. degree from Panola College, and B.S. and M.S. degrees from Northwestern Louisiana State University. He has completed post graduate studies at Memphis State University, UCLA, NYU, Baruch College of CUNY, the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, and the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. In the course of his career, he has been a teacher and coach; a VAMC Kinesiotherapist; VA Research and Education Director for Prosthetics and Orthotics; Associate Director of VAMCs in Sheridan, WY, Chicago, Ill., and Dallas, TX; as well as Director of VAMCs in San Juan, P.R., Bonham, TX, and Alexandria, LA. In retirement he became a Local Minister of the United Methodist Church, serving in both the Texas and Louisiana Conferences. His complete biography can be found at: </b></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times;"><a href="http://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/search?q=charles " target="_blank"><span style="font-size: large;">http://communicatinglife2.blogspot.com/search?q=charles </span></a><br /></span></p><p style="font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><b><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-family: times; white-space: pre;"><b> </b></span></p><p style="font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p>Frances Jackson Freeman, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/14443125000303869964noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5854257755568701611.post-53558946594468024372020-09-23T19:21:00.003-07:002020-12-17T08:42:50.159-08:00LINDSEY L. HEARD -- A collection of Memories<br />
<h1 style="text-align: left;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(35, 35, 35); color: #232323; font-family: "Crimson Text", Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;">Lindsey L. Heard, a direct descendant of the original pioneer settlers of Dry Creek, is King Beauregard Fair 2013. </span></h1><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdZoyxGL596OftpO6nxMb7ltEp5zwK2_vxh3r_AjiwSJIfze7iLY_f_mlD-sZRtfYwt7CY9adKLeV4had-lWCdpLjOG4Ej20epZgwHfQOpy6Fm2KkXA7w0YeTUHaac09pr-yws3Y1TXlc/s870/576.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="534" data-original-width="870" height="392" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdZoyxGL596OftpO6nxMb7ltEp5zwK2_vxh3r_AjiwSJIfze7iLY_f_mlD-sZRtfYwt7CY9adKLeV4had-lWCdpLjOG4Ej20epZgwHfQOpy6Fm2KkXA7w0YeTUHaac09pr-yws3Y1TXlc/w640-h392/576.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lindsey Heard, Bernadine Johnson Heard, and Alton Heard</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div><span style="caret-color: rgb(35, 35, 35); color: #232323; font-family: "Crimson Text", Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="caret-color: rgb(35, 35, 35); color: #232323; font-family: "Crimson Text", Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;"> <span style="font-size: large;"> Lindsey Heard is the youngest of 13 children, raised on a working farm in Pitkin. He is a veteran of World War II, having served three years in Europe under the command of Army General George S. Patton. Following his discharge, he and his former wife of 67 years, Bernadine Heard, made DeRidder their home. </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(35, 35, 35); color: #232323; font-family: "Crimson Text", Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="caret-color: rgb(35, 35, 35); color: #232323; font-family: "Crimson Text", Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;"> Heard worked as a warehouse supervisor at Crosby Chemicals/Meade Westvaco, and he retired in 1987 after 42 years of service. </span><span style="caret-color: rgb(35, 35, 35); color: #232323; font-family: "Crimson Text", Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;">He has made numerous contributions to the Beauregard Parish Fair. For more than 20 years, Heard assisted County Agents, 4-H leaders and 4-H members, including his daughter and grandchildren, feed, groom and transport livestock to local, district and state competition and sales. </span><br />
<span style="caret-color: rgb(35, 35, 35); color: #232323; font-family: "Crimson Text", Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;"><br /></span><span style="caret-color: rgb(35, 35, 35); color: #232323; font-family: "Crimson Text", Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;"> Heard is an avid gardener and yearly exhibitor of produce in the Ward 3 Fair Booth. His “Sugartown” watermelons win first prize on a regular basis. One of his greatest pleasures is giving away tomatoes, corn, peas and watermelon that he raised. Many friends and neighbors have been on the receiving end of his generosity. </span></span><span style="caret-color: rgb(35, 35, 35); color: #232323; font-family: "Crimson Text", Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
<span style="caret-color: rgb(35, 35, 35); color: #232323; font-family: "Crimson Text", Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;"> Heard is an avid hunter and outdoorsman. At age 90, he still enjoys dove, duck, squirrel and deer hunting. In the fall he can be found many mornings on a deer stand in Pitkin or Brady, Texas, looking for another “big buck” to step out. </span><br />
<span style="caret-color: rgb(35, 35, 35); color: #232323; font-family: "Crimson Text", Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;"><br /></span><span style="caret-color: rgb(35, 35, 35); color: #232323; font-family: "Crimson Text", Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;"> He is a member of First Baptist Church in DeRidder, Delta Waterfowl, American Legion Post 27 in DeRidder, Rosie the Riveter Association and Pitkin Lodge #338 F&AM. </span><span style="caret-color: rgb(35, 35, 35); color: #232323; font-family: "Crimson Text", Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;">He also volunteers in assisting DeRidder Kisatchie Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution place flags on display during patriotic holidays at Beauregard Memorial Cemetery. </span><br />
<span style="caret-color: rgb(35, 35, 35); color: #232323; font-family: "Crimson Text", Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;"><br /></span><span style="caret-color: rgb(35, 35, 35); color: #232323; font-family: "Crimson Text", Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;"> He has one daughter, Lydia Jane McLamore and husband Bob, two grandchildren, Gretchen Jane Levine and husband Colonel Mark Levine, Shane McLamore and wife Tara, five great-grandchildren, Sarah Jane and Lance Levine, and Carter, Cruz and Cane McLamore.</span><br />
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</span><h1 style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Segoe UI", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 1.428571429;">OBITUARY</span></h1>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Segoe UI", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="line-height: 1.428571429;"> Services for Lindsey L. Heard, 94, of DeRidder, LA, will be held Wednesday, December 28, 2016, at 2 P.M. in the First Baptist Church in DeRidder with Rev.Lindsey Burns and Rev. Lynn Clayton officiating. Burial will follow in Beauregard Cemetery in DeRidder under the direction of Labby Memorial Funeral Home in DeRidder. </span><br />
<span face=""Segoe UI", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="line-height: 1.428571429;"><br /></span>
<span face=""Segoe UI", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="line-height: 1.428571429;"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.428571429;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Mr. Heard passed away Monday, December 26, 2016, in his residence in DeRidder. Lindsey L. Heard, descendant of the original pioneer settlers of Dry Creek passed away December 26, 2016. He was the youngest of thirteen children raised on a working farm in Pitkin, Louisiana. </span></span><br />
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<span style="line-height: 1.428571429;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> He is a veteran of World War Two, having served three years in Europe under the command of Army General George S. Patton. He was awarded the Purple Heart. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 1.428571429;"> He worked as a warehouse supervisor at Crosby Chemicals/Mead Westvaco, and he retired in 1987 after forty-two years of service. In honor of his contributions to Beauregard Fair he served as King Beau Fair in 2013. He was an avid gardener. His “Sugartown” watermelons won first prize on a regular basis at the fair. One of his greatest pleasures was giving away tomatoes, corn, peas, and watermelons that he raised. </span>Many friends and neighbors have been on the receiving end of his generosity. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"> <span style="font-weight: normal;"> Lindsey was a hunter and an avid outdoorsman. At age ninety-four he still enjoyed dove duck, squirrel, and deer hunting. In the fall he could be found many mornings on a deer stand in Pitkin or Brady, Texas, looking for another big buck to step out. He was a member of First Baptist Church DeRidder since 1947, Delta Waterfowl, American Legion Post twenty-seven in DeRidder, Rosie the Riveter Association, and Pitkin Lodge #338 F & AM. He also volunteered in assisting DeRidder Kisatchie Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution place flags on display during patriotic holidays at Beauregard Memorial Cemetery.</span></span></span><div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGJSmjnP2OzBemK6EKpHkcpqPG1chERdNT31qtlhZTrDtqgPdcSuoLi1329_HTUf8j-a68k3Sy9Lcdc5YpHdDeuAXSi6rtsQ1vqTP2IWWI43vNlU2x8VCerWRFtxBWGBDkMoQaV3o2YxQ/s1434/554.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="918" data-original-width="1434" height="410" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGJSmjnP2OzBemK6EKpHkcpqPG1chERdNT31qtlhZTrDtqgPdcSuoLi1329_HTUf8j-a68k3Sy9Lcdc5YpHdDeuAXSi6rtsQ1vqTP2IWWI43vNlU2x8VCerWRFtxBWGBDkMoQaV3o2YxQ/w640-h410/554.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Heard Children on front Porch -- Seated are Francis, Vera, Addie, Burkett, Myrtis Lee, Simmie, Meredith, Glenn. Standing are Lindsey and Alton</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></span></span></div>Frances Jackson Freeman, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/14443125000303869964noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5854257755568701611.post-31055120490759780202020-09-23T19:09:00.002-07:002020-09-23T19:54:39.601-07:00TWELVE TRICKS TO STOP STUTTERING<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 35px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b>TWELVE TRICKS TO STOP STUTTERING:</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 28px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b>And Some Insights Into Why</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;">By </p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;">Frances J. Freeman, Ph.D.</p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b>PART #1</b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Introduction</span></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><i>For over 50 years I was a clinician, researcher, and university professor with a primary clinical interest in stuttering. I am author of a number of seminal research reports on stuttering, but I have never published on my clinical work, methods, or insights. A recent entry in the FaceBook Group “</i><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Stuttering Community</i></b></span><i>” intrigued me. The writer asked others to share any “</i><b><i>Tricks</i></b><i>” that could stop stuttering. His request made me think. I had spent 30 years teaching students of communications disorders my “tricks” for stopping stuttering; why shouldn’t I teach people who stutter these “tricks’? This series of Blogs is my response to this question.</i></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i></i><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">The History of “<i>Tricks</i>” for Stopping Stuttering <i> </i></span></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i></i></b><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">From Ancient Times — </span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Recorded history chronicles many stories of the successful treatment or “<i>healing</i>” of stuttering by a variety of methods. From at least the Middle Ages through the early 20th Century, Stuttering was primarily treated by men and women who have been called “<i>stutterer-curers</i>.” Many were itinerants, moving from place to place, offering their cure at fair-market prices. Some built “<i>schools</i>,“ and had students who came to them for treatment. Most, but not all, guarded their “<i>secret</i>” treatments and made stutterers pledge never to reveal how they were cured. One man who treated stuttering in the mid-19th century, freely shared his approach. <a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Stammering_and_Stuttering.html?id=PRsDAAAAQAAJ">James Hunt’s </a> writings on the nature and treatment of stuttering demonstrated wisdom that can still guide us. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Modern Times —</span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>With the scientific revolution, stuttering became a subject of interest in the developing fields of medicine, education, neurology, psychology, psychiatry, linguistics, and child development. In the early to mid 1900’s, leaders in the “<i>scientific</i>” study of stuttering rebuked all of the early treatments of stuttering, and coined the derogatory term “<i>stutterer curers.</i>” The new experts concluded that the “<i>curers</i>” used “<i>tricks</i>” which stopped stuttering, but that these “<i>tricks</i>” lost their power over time, and the stuttering returned. They considered the “<i>curers</i>” to be charlatans, cheats and “<i>tricksters</i>.” </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The prevailing theory held that the “<i>tricks</i>” worked because they served as “<i>distractors</i>.” A “<i>distractor</i>” worked until it was habituated, and then the stuttering returned. In the view of that period, the “<i>tricks</i>” were ALWAYS temporary panaceas, and NEVER resulted in permanent cures. This belief was based on reports from stutterers who relapsed after treatment. However, systematic studies of success/failure rates for the “<i>stutterer curers</i>” were never conducted, so we don’t really know if some were permanently “<i>cured</i>” by their “<i>tricks</i>.”</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>During the mid 1900’s, stuttering treatments were developed that focused on recognizing, accepting, confronting, modifying, and managing stuttering. Clinicians developed techniques that minimized overt stuttering, thus producing more fluent sounding speech. Stutterers learned to recognize when they were about to stutter, and to change or modify their speech in order to prevent uncontrolled or involuntary stuttering. Voluntary stuttering, controlled stuttering, cancelations of “<i>bad</i>” stuttering by more fluent “<i>easy</i>” stuttering, soft contacts, easy onsets and other techniques were used to reduce struggle, tension, and overt stuttering. These came to be known as <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>“<i>Stutter more fluently</i>”</b></span> treatments. For almost three decades (1930’s-1960’s), no reputable, professional in speech correction, speech therapy, or speech pathology (the three names used by the profession over those years) would use any of the forbidden “<i>tricks.” </i></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i> </i></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Among the revolutions of the 1960’s was a rapid expansion of the hybrid field of <b>Speech Science</b>. The discoveries in this field led to much that we take for granted today, including (to name only a few) talking computers, Siri, Alexa, captioned TV, text to speech, speech to text, voice identification, and computer translators. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Reacting to new knowledge from this emerging field, Marcel Wingate in 1969 and 1970, wrote two articles in which he reviewed the known “<b><i>TRICKS</i></b>” for stopping stuttering. He called these century-old “<i>tricks”</i> “<b><i>fluency evoking conditions.</i></b>” He didn’t exactly commit the heresy of saying that these “<i>tricks</i>” should be used in therapy; but he hypothesized that the scientific study of the “<i>fluency evoking conditions</i>” would be important in understanding the nature of stuttering, and possibly in developing better treatments. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Through the 1970’s and the 1980’s a major movement in the field of stuttering focused on the study of the “<i>fluency evoking conditions,</i>” and eventually on treatments based in these speaking conditions. As a group, these treatments were called <b>“</b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><i>Speak More Fluently,</i></b></span><b>”</b> because they modified the overall speech pattern in order to produce less stuttering. These treatments used one or more of the old “<i>tricks</i>” as basic “<i>techniques</i>” to induce stutterers to begin to speak without stuttering. Then the treatments attempted to “<i>shape</i>” or “<i>modify</i>” the induced fluency to sound and feel like “<i>normal</i>,” “<i>fluent</i>” speech. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The name also provided a contrast with the older treatment programs. As a result, clinical approaches were divided into: “<b><i>Stutter More Fluently</i></b>” or “<b><i>Speak More Fluently.</i></b>” The Truth be Told, both approaches have basically the same efficacy results: They help “<i>Some Stutterers All of the Time; and Most Stutterers Some of the Time; but neither Approach helps All Stutterers All of the Time.” </i></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><br /></i></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></i>The lack of complete or perfect success for any behavioral treatment, has subsequently led many to believe that stutterers cannot learn to speak without stuttering, and that we must focus our efforts on changing attitudes and building acceptance of stuttered speech (among both the general public and stutterers). The goal is to use knowledge, information, and understanding to remove any stigma or shame, and to promote acceptance of stuttering as another “<i>way of speaking.</i>” This approach has been facetiously labeled “<b>Stutter More Happily.</b>”</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In the midst of the often violent conflict between advocates of these approaches, some clinicians have become eclectic or pragmatic. They attempt to treat each stutterer as an individual who has specific needs, and who responds differentially to treatment. Some of these clinicians have many satisfied clients, but no general recognition of their methods or approach. Specifically, the efficacy of individualized treatment is difficult to validate. If each client receives a different treatment, the clinician can’t even demonstrate reliability? These individualized approaches haven’t even rated a label. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>One thing that has remained constant across the years (ancient to modern) — no one has ever just given the “<i>tricks</i>” for stopping stuttering, and knowledge of why these work to the people who stutter, to let them discover for themselves if, which, when, where, for how long, and under what circumstances these “<i>tricks</i>” help them. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">THEREFORE, I have written this <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>PART #1</b></span>, and am posting a link to it on the FB GROUP. If enough people read and respond I will write<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b> PART #2</b></span>. Specifically, I am asking:</span></p><ol>
<li style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Are any of you interested in reading further?</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">If you read more, and try any of the “<i>tricks</i>” will you write and tell us about your experiences (give feedback that can be used to help us learn and/or help others)?</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Will you view this not simply as a means of improving your own speech, but as participating in stuttering research to: 1). Learn more about your own stuttering and 2). Create new understanding of the nature of stuttering.</span></li>
</ol><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">If I write more about Stuttering, I promise to end each segment with a true story about stuttering. The first such story follows:</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>THE STORY FOR PART #1</b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">How Johnny Stopped His Own Stuttering</span></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>As a very young public school speech therapist (we had not yet become Speech Pathologists), I worked with Johnny every Wednesday morning. Johnny was 7 and in the second grade. He was a brilliant child, and absolutely beautiful. He read on a 4th grade level. His language, vocabulary, and grammar were above average, and his articulation was perfect -- but he stuttered severely. He prolonged almost every continuant sound, so that it could take Johnny a whole minute to complete a short, simple sentence. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>To try to type one of Johnny’s sentences would be like this:</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"> “MMMMMMMyyyyyyyyy nnnnnnnnaaaaamme iiiiiiiizzzzz Joooooooonnnnyyy.” </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>He never repeated a sound or syllable, and there was very little struggle or tension in his speech. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Nothing in my training or in my reading prepared me to treat Johnny. I read more; I talked to other clinicians; I called my former professors — I didn’t find an answer. How was I supposed to help Johnny? </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Finally, one Wednesday morning, in absolute desperation, I asked Johnny: “Johnny, WWWWyyyy dooooo yyyyyoooouuu taaaaalk llllliiiiiik ththththiiisss?”</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Johnny looked at me like I was crazy, and then said, “So-so-so-so I-I-I-I wo-wo-wo-won’t stu-stu-stu-stutter.” </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span>Johnny had taught himself to prolong sounds to keep from repeating sounds. In Johnny’s mind, and according to his understanding, repetitions were stuttering, so he taught himself to prolong sounds instead of repeating. Johnny believed he had cured his stuttering.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>You will be happy to know that Johnny learned to talk without repetitions or prolongations, and that right after Christmas of second grade, he graduated from speech therapy. Johnny taught me a lot about stuttering, but most importantly, he taught me to always ask the person who stutters to teach me what I need to know about his/her stuttering.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p>Frances Jackson Freeman, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/14443125000303869964noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5854257755568701611.post-25732387442187873402020-07-04T12:42:00.004-07:002020-09-06T15:43:55.235-07:00HEARD FAMILY LETTERS Communications between Dry Creek Louisiana and Georgia<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">HEARD FAMILY LETTERS </span> </h2>
<h2 style="text-align: center;">
These Letters have been passed down through the Family of <u>Zachary Taylor Heard</u>, youngest son of <u>John Thomas Heard</u>, son of <u>Jesse Holloway Heard</u>.</h2>
<h2>
<u>Families In the Correspondence</u> -- Berry; Heard; Hewell; Lindsey; Williams. <u>Please note</u>, the letter images can be enlarged and enhanced by the reader.</h2><div><h3><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>LETTER -- </b><b> 1828 </b></span></h3></div><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>This Letter is a Bill of Sale for Slaves, named in the letter. It appears to be postmarked from Newton County, Georgia. The purchaser is McCormick Neal. The signature of the seller has been torn away. The purchase price is $300. </b><span style="font-weight: normal;"> It is possible that Jesse Holloway Heard was selling slaves in Georgia before leaving for Louisiana. </span></span></h2>
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<br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL233_61CHEV9Z46Pnz_09QOl_B8zS_QLkrxSNVZHUVKbH5RjkN5f74gUW0xEslxoaV9aPwWoNwayGwII7kQsTNjAg1UFtxHkb0-JFssUN8lISDngG2QIV9TJQhh8gb4hzmlDJGSDqS8w/s2048/1828+-+Copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1583" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL233_61CHEV9Z46Pnz_09QOl_B8zS_QLkrxSNVZHUVKbH5RjkN5f74gUW0xEslxoaV9aPwWoNwayGwII7kQsTNjAg1UFtxHkb0-JFssUN8lISDngG2QIV9TJQhh8gb4hzmlDJGSDqS8w/w495-h640/1828+-+Copy.jpg" width="495" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>LETTER -- </b><b> 1829</b></span></h3><h3><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">In this letter Susannah Taylor Berry (b. 1770 d. after Sept. 1829) the widow of William Wood Berry, living in Newton County, Georgia, wills a slave girl to her grandchildren, the children of her son Edmund Berry and his wife, Elizabeth. This bequest is a bit puzzling since Susannah had 10 children, and a multitude of grandchildren. She may have been living </span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">with Edmund and was very close to these children or she may have left similar bequests to other grandchildren.</span></span></h3></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVOJFSMk0BQGeEWAnXFMcHYsKFzBZ2vVrhLxExMJkvIt_NKnVOo9Ijg8f3dYT9gdzWNiFUETbLMgt0QsShd97d93IEsvJO_mAVyoVwm1IYuwI4l2sifw4BJDqeh7HohbWBSo4YJHxH9Bk/s2048/1829+-+Copy+-+Copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1583" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVOJFSMk0BQGeEWAnXFMcHYsKFzBZ2vVrhLxExMJkvIt_NKnVOo9Ijg8f3dYT9gdzWNiFUETbLMgt0QsShd97d93IEsvJO_mAVyoVwm1IYuwI4l2sifw4BJDqeh7HohbWBSo4YJHxH9Bk/w495-h640/1829+-+Copy+-+Copy.jpg" width="495" /></a></div><div><h3><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>LETTER -- </b><b> April 2nd, 1847 --From Joe to J. W. Hewell, Written in Covington, GA.</b></span></h3></div><div><span style="font-size: large;">I believe this letter is written to Jesse Wyatt Hewell (b. Oct. 12, 1793 and d. Sept. 24, 1852, 5 years after this letter was written), who was the father of Mary Susan Hewell wife of Jesse Holloway Heard. However, the letter could be written to Susan's brother, John Wesley Hewell. Joe is an African slave who writes to deny a debt owed to J. W. Hewell. The letter is written for Joe by a friend, whose signature I cannot read.</span></div><div><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgYC5Nl2-dbCBBR4EFvIpGbTJ45feOyVwSv8IcAheRZAAG7rPgHxQjySUhy1FtjqCtVsdLk7M3gDZShSc_t1pVd51mT3U17vrvZjqZ2RlnZQlN_-NY3orKjMVbye6uie8neFIrD3DNXaw/s2048/1847+-+Copy+%25282%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1583" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgYC5Nl2-dbCBBR4EFvIpGbTJ45feOyVwSv8IcAheRZAAG7rPgHxQjySUhy1FtjqCtVsdLk7M3gDZShSc_t1pVd51mT3U17vrvZjqZ2RlnZQlN_-NY3orKjMVbye6uie8neFIrD3DNXaw/w495-h640/1847+-+Copy+%25282%2529.jpg" width="495" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span><b style="font-size: xx-large;">LETTER -- </b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> April 12, 1848 -- </span><span style="font-size: large;">From Jesse Holloway Heard in Louisiana to his Father, James A. Heard (b.1776, d. 1857) and his Mother, Elizabeth Holloway Heard (b. 1779 d. 1855) inGeorgia. In the letter he describes their grandsons John Thomas Heard, who is 2 and approaching 3, and James Hewell Heard, who is only two months old. He tells them that John Thomas has blue eyes while James Hewell has dark eyes. The grandparents will die in 6 and 8 years, never having seen these grandsons.</span></b></span></h3><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgtwwdEwb73ToVMK1s_Is24Koy2utCHo5jagaBB1tVvPCAY-mw9m-5vYOtRxmQWabJ0icC4UgjM37MfstxMq7dXLGoJ6198Bpkb7R7yk6r20Sried6Y3ksL5PXKfsHMljz6pL9Fwb897c/s2048/Apr.+1848+pg+1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1583" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgtwwdEwb73ToVMK1s_Is24Koy2utCHo5jagaBB1tVvPCAY-mw9m-5vYOtRxmQWabJ0icC4UgjM37MfstxMq7dXLGoJ6198Bpkb7R7yk6r20Sried6Y3ksL5PXKfsHMljz6pL9Fwb897c/w495-h640/Apr.+1848+pg+1.jpg" width="495" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span><b style="font-size: xx-large;">LETTER -- </b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> Dec. 14, 1850 This two page letter from Plaquemine Parish is a puzzle to me. I think it is sent to Jesse Holloway Heard because the writing is not his.</span></b></span></h3></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjbeNhP70yOD6F8rPS8CIYCIQcAx29rcHFXyOfjVKMNxVTqFHZNa7r8aJEDU9NgvAZ-TIPOmSz5mMhyphenhyphenxbpJtxcL3h1FN7YPOMveD4AIoep665CYq7BwcPLo0Xzx_a6BcR4mz9b6vq2r5M/s2048/1950+pg+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1583" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjbeNhP70yOD6F8rPS8CIYCIQcAx29rcHFXyOfjVKMNxVTqFHZNa7r8aJEDU9NgvAZ-TIPOmSz5mMhyphenhyphenxbpJtxcL3h1FN7YPOMveD4AIoep665CYq7BwcPLo0Xzx_a6BcR4mz9b6vq2r5M/w495-h640/1950+pg+1.jpg" width="495" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4KIjatL9SIlGXnXaMRlwWAuTCL-qI6Vjuee_fZ7WeV9VZmbvsnf699eDWZdcmdj14Y8E8pw_n0wt9T-KkYCr3ab0e8te5jNJKzcHBqh_2dbG23h6g_LqZWnI2_u_XhljwVbJKvNT-FlY/s2048/1950+pg+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1583" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4KIjatL9SIlGXnXaMRlwWAuTCL-qI6Vjuee_fZ7WeV9VZmbvsnf699eDWZdcmdj14Y8E8pw_n0wt9T-KkYCr3ab0e8te5jNJKzcHBqh_2dbG23h6g_LqZWnI2_u_XhljwVbJKvNT-FlY/w495-h640/1950+pg+2.jpg" width="495" /></a></div><br /><div><h3><span><b style="font-size: xx-large;">LETTER -- </b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> April 19, 1857 : From Mary Susan Hewell, wife of Jesse Holloway Heard to her Mother, Martha Patsy Berry Hewell. </span></b></span></h3></div><div><span><b><span style="font-size: large;">I could really use some help in transcribing this very personal and touching letter.</span></b></span></div><div><span><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; 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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>LETTER -- </b><b>JULY 18, 1866</b></span></h3>
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<b>Postmarked -- Lake Charles, Louisiana </b></h2>
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<b>From: Jesse Holloway Heard</b><b>To: Martha "Patsy" Berry Hewell </b><span style="font-weight: normal;">(his Mother-in-Law)</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-large;"><b>THE LETTER</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxW-L1Hyw5XYai_v74bx0AW8ZWFtXMpUS4Hky0ArAFhaU7BkqIE4uriWg-uT00qgENV9YucCpD7_zk_h9aS8KlOTu9rzo8DTFKueEm5rsFry4QqjHiEhqgUIv3CSQbMqwH5EmLGYG6K2w/s1600/July+1866.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1237" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxW-L1Hyw5XYai_v74bx0AW8ZWFtXMpUS4Hky0ArAFhaU7BkqIE4uriWg-uT00qgENV9YucCpD7_zk_h9aS8KlOTu9rzo8DTFKueEm5rsFry4QqjHiEhqgUIv3CSQbMqwH5EmLGYG6K2w/s640/July+1866.jpg" width="494" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">THE TRANSCRIPTION:</span></b></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">"Lake Charles, La.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">July the 18th, 1866</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Dear Mother, I take this opportunity of writing to you to let you hear from us. We are all well except my daughter-in-law. She is in bad health. John T. was married on the 27th of March, last to wife, S. A. Lindsey. She is pretty enough for anybody and smart as ladies gets to be.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">I was injured during the war, about one thousand dollars [</span><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>I do not understand this sentence</i></span><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">]. John was in Service 2 years I was in 2 weeks. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">I have a first rate crop, of corn, cotton, and sugar cane and potatoes up to this time my crops is _____. I have some of my fodder pulled. I have never heard any thing of Brother. Hope [</span><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>I don't know what was omitted here</i></span><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">I received your letter the last of May and this is the first time that I have had the chance to get the power of attorney fixed up and my advice is not to send it until I get a letter from you to know if it is too late to send it. It will cost me about 6 dollars to send it and if it is too late to get the money I won’t send it. I want you to write to me and let me know and direct your letter to Lake Charles, La. I will write to you again soon. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Give my best respects to inquiring friends. No more, but I remain Your most affectionate son until death.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">J. H. Heard (Jesse Holloway Heard)</span></div>
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(<i><b>I would offer three explanatory comments:</b> </i></div>
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<i><b>First,</b> John Thomas was in the siege of Vicksberg and was paroled, but fought again in the Battles of Mansfield and Pleasant Hill. Jesse Holloway fought only at the Batles of Mansfield and Pleasant, i.e. "John was in Service 2 years, I was in 2 weeks." </i></div>
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<i><b>Second,</b> the daughter-in-law, Sarah Adeline Lindsey is said to have lost a baby about the time of this letter, and this may be a delicate reference to her pregnancy or to her loss. She would give birth to William Crowder Heard the following July.</i></div>
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<i><b>Third,</b> I do not know who "Brother" is. This is n</i>ot the only letter in which he asks about this "Brother.")</div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdXb5hItptjtyI0XEhaxVv2_pZBf67Kr41VlbWuH3gWbkhksKOfjw8hsBpc7enj61IBnfJ1p5rq3_KvC_N-c7e-cMhAZ0176_NZZTY5vYE25AGdPeYnjScAL40_pe5TQyOCuRCprWUb5M/s2048/Apr.+1857+pg+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1583" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdXb5hItptjtyI0XEhaxVv2_pZBf67Kr41VlbWuH3gWbkhksKOfjw8hsBpc7enj61IBnfJ1p5rq3_KvC_N-c7e-cMhAZ0176_NZZTY5vYE25AGdPeYnjScAL40_pe5TQyOCuRCprWUb5M/s320/Apr.+1857+pg+3.jpg" /></a></div><br />Frances Jackson Freeman, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/14443125000303869964noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5854257755568701611.post-6762010715486726812020-07-02T11:28:00.001-07:002020-09-23T19:17:16.029-07:00The Parable of My Chicken Boy<div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: center;">
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;"><b>THE PARABLE OF </b></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;"><b>MY CHICKEN BOY</b></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;"> It was the fall of 1968. I had just turned 28; I was a wife, mother of two daughters; and a fan of Elvis Presley and Daphne du Maurier. I was in my 5th year as a public school speech therapist (that’s what we were called then). The Caddo Parish schools were in their second year of integrating racially segregated schools. Geographically, Shreveport, is the urban center of otherwise rural Caddo Parish (called county in the other 49 states, but Parish in Louisiana). </span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In those chaotic times, I was actually working three jobs, but none of the job titles reflected my main task. As unprepared as I was, I was acting as a cross-cultural linguistic anthropologist, struggling to help Black teachers and children understand White teachers and children, and vice versa. Note, I am not primarily talking about spoken language. As it turned out, non-verbal communication differences created more misunderstandings than verbal differences.</span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In the midst of this crazy period, I met my “<b><i>Chicken Boy</i></b>.” In some strange way, this comic/tragic story remains vivid in my memory as a parable for the madness of the era. Now, read to the very end, and pay attention, to the details because there will be a test.</span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I call him “<i>Chicken Boy</i>” or Chick for short, not to be callous, but because his “<i>real</i>” name was never fully established. His adopted Mothers —and don’t get excited, in those unenlightened days, “<i>Mothers</i>” referred to the two women who raised him, a middle aged woman and her adult daughter — had changed his name several times, and could not agree on what his “<i>real</i>” name should be.</span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I met Chick because one of my jobs was as an Audiologist/ Speech-Language Pathologist on a Pupil Personnel Evaluation Team. We had four team members, including a Coordinator who was an Educational Specialist, a Psychologist, a Social Worker, and me. Our job was to figure out what was interfering with each child’s progress, and to make recommendations to correct the problem (really simple, right?). We were working our way through a backlog of referrals, but Chick came to us as an “<i>emergency</i>” case. </span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Chick had just entered kindergarten, and was non-verbal; but being a five-year-old who didn’t talk did not constitute an emergency. Rather, it was Chick’s persistent successes in escaping his teachers and running away that brought him to us. The school hadn’t succeeded in restraining him, and they feared he would get into the street and be run over. This was a real possibility since Chick was fast and fearless. Our Educational Specialist had visited the school and gathered this information. She offered no insights into Chick’s academic abilities, reporting that the teachers had not succeeded in getting him to sit in a chair. He just sort of wandered around. No one was sure if he could hear, or if he even understood speech.</span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Our social worker did a home visit and interviewed Chick’s mothers to collect his history. His younger adopted Mother, was in the hospital for gynecological surgery when Chick’s biological Mother gave birth to him. During recovery, they shared a room. Chick’s mother really didn’t want him, and his adopted Mothers thought that it would be really great to have a baby. His birth mother just gave him to her roommate, and the new Mothers took him home. There was never any paperwork or any of that legal stuff. Chick’s adopted Mothers never heard from his birth mother again.</span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The Mothers had a little home in a rural area. They raised yard chickens, and the yard was tightly fenced to keep the fowl safely inside. They were very fond of Chick, and fed and clothed and petted him. When he was annoying, they put him outside in the yard to play with the chickens. They considered him a sweet, pretty little boy (and he was those things). I had the background, and thought I was ready to see Chick.</span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Before proceeding, I should tell you about the physical environment. In case you are imagining a lovely clinic — forget it. Our team operated on the third floor of a closed urban high school building. It was a beautiful old building, but deteriorating, and less than desirable for our purposes. I used a former classroom, with large, high windows, kept open to provide cooling ventilation since schools had no air-conditioning in those days</span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Chick was actually adorable. He hopped into the room, and proceeded to explore the entire space, while clucking, cackling, and crowing. His chicken noises were absolutely authentic, and seemed to match his mood and the discoveries he made as he explored the room.</span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>After observing his behavior, I finally attracted his attention with a collection of toys and puppets. He hopped around me for a while, and then climbed up on a chair, and sort of perched or squatted. I worked to explore his receptive language, and established that not only could he hear, he understood words as well as the average 3 to 4 year old, However, his comprehension of syntax and grammar was only at a 2 year old level.</span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>By this time, Chick and I were friends, and he began to communicate with me. He clucked, squawked, cackled, and pantomimed the things he wanted to tell me. We were having a great time. Chick began to run around and around the room, flapping his arms wildly. Then, before I could react, he leaped up on a desk, and from the desk top, I swear, he flew, flapping his arms and going up, up to the wide sill of the big open window. There he perched, alternately looking back at me, and then down three floors to the ground and parking lot below. As I watched, terrified and open-mouthed, he strutted back and forth along the window sill, crowing loudly and flapping his arms. </span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>There was nothing wrong with Chick’s social perceptions. He knew he had me. If I approached him, he moved toward the edge of the window, as though preparing to fly. He watched me closely, obviously wanting to see what I would do, and how much fun he could have with me.</span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>“<i>Oh, My God,</i>” I prayed. “<i>Please help me</i>.” And that was a real prayer. I tried to talk to Chick, but he ignored me. Then I tried clucking, and that sort of fascinated him. He stopped pacing the sill to look at me. I tried clucking and crowing, and he laughed at me. Suddenly, my panicked brain focused on my “<i>bag of tricks</i>,” my collection of things I used to engage children. There, among the toys, and magic tricks, and puppets, were two potential saviors — a chicken puppet and candy. </span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I grabbed the chicken puppet, and began pretending she was eating the candy. I ignored Chick, concentrating on the chicken clucking and pecking at the candy. Out of the corner of my eye, I could see him watching. When he was certain I was no longer was interested in him, he leaned further into the room to see what I was doing. I held one of the candies up and then popped it into my mouth. Chick leaped from the window, flapping his arms, and landed with a clunk beside me. I grabbed and embraced him, and he was delighted, clucking warmly in my ear as I clutched him tightly to my breast, tears of thanks forming in my eyes. In my delight, I fed him the entire box of candy corn.</span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The ending is relatively happy. All Chick really needed was time with children instead of chickens; and we recommended that along with a fenced-in playground for his kindergarten class. (Wonder how that would read on a modern IEP?) Chick would never be a an academic whiz, but he became a happy boy instead of a happy chicken, and grew up to be an exceptional basketball player. He really did seem to fly on the court.</span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>AND NOW, DEAR READER, FOR YOUR TEST — If you have been imagining Chick as Black, think again, and see him as White, and ask yourself what biases caused you to assume he was Black?</span></span></div>
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Frances Jackson Freeman, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/14443125000303869964noreply@blogger.com0